In order to conduct a data-driven load forecasting modeling and its application in optimal control of air-conditioning system, this study used a hotel’s central air conditioning system as the research object. Based on the data of the hotel ener...
Central air conditioning in large buildings is an important demand-response resource due to its large load power and strong controllability. Demand-response-oriented air conditioning load modeling needs to calculate the room temperature. The room tem...
An innovative solution to provide a demand response for power system is proposed in this paper by considering the feasibility of two-way direct load control (TWDLC) of central air conditioning chiller system for wide-area in real-time manner. Particu...
This study seeks to improve the accuracy of air conditioning load forecasting to address the challenges of load management in power systems during high-temperature periods in the summer. Given the limitations of traditional forecasting models in capt...
The research focuses on the air-conditioning system in a public area of a subway station. To address this, an optimization model based on the grid time segmentation method was constructed, specifically a GM (1,1) model. We explored the influence of t...
The central air conditioning system provides city dwellers with an efficient and comfortable environment. Meanwhile, coinciding with their use, the building electricity load is increased, as central air conditioners consume a lot of electricity. It h...
Evaporative cooling is a green, energy-efficient cooling technology adopted in hot and dry regions, which has wider application in the field of air-conditioning systems. Outdoor meteorological parameters have a great influence on the operation mode a...
The growing number of accessed energy-efficient frequency conversion air conditioners is likely to generate a large number of harmonics on the power grid. The following shortage in the reactive power of peak load may trigger voltage collapse. Hence,...
Climate change and urban heat island effects affect the energy consumption of buildings in urban heat islands. In order to meet the requirements of engineering applications for detailed daily design parameters for air conditioning, the 15-year summer...
To satisfy the interests of multiple agents and those of comprehensive indicators such as peak-to-valley differences and load fluctuations occurring on the network side, this paper presents a flexible load demand-side response optimization method tha...
The traditional optimal scheduling of air conditioning load has traditionally focused on improving user comfort and reducing electricity costs. However, research on carbon emissions generated during the operation of air conditioning is still in the d...
The Typical meteorological year (TMY) database is often used to calculate air-conditioning loads, and it directly affects the building energy savings design. Among four kinds of TMY databases in China—including Chinese Typical Year Weather (CTYW), In...
The present paper is focused on short-term prediction of air-conditioning (AC) load of residential buildings using the data obtained from a conventional smart meter. The AC load, at each time step, is separated from smart meter’s aggregate consumptio...
Globally, the transition of energy structure towards clean and low-carbon is accelerating, with the increasing grid integration ratio of renewable energy. However, the inherent intermittency, volatility and randomness of such energy sources are in fu...
Accurate load forecasting of central air conditioning (CAC) systems is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing operational costs. However, the complex nonlinear correlations among meteorological factors, water system dynamics, and cool...
Air conditioning loads in power systems exhibit spatiotemporal heterogeneity across geographical regions, complicating accurate load forecasting. This study proposes a framework that integrates Deep Reinforcement Learning-guided DBSCAN (DRL-DBSCAN) c...
Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), such as air conditioners (ACs), are important demand response resources—they have a certain heat storage capacity. A change in the operating status of an air conditioner in a small range will not noticeably a...
Air conditioning loads (ACLs) are potential flexible resources that can provide various grid services to the power system. Recent studies have attempted to represent their flexibility using a virtual battery (VB) model for quantification, but the mod...
This paper aims to tap the potential of air conditioning loads (ACLs) for consuming photovoltaic power (PV) and wind power (WP). By fully considering different thermal comfort of different users, an ACL twice-clustered model based on different ACL pa...
As a result of extensive penetration of wind farms into electricity grids, power systems face enormous challenges in daily operation because of the intermittent characteristics of wind energy. In particular, the load peak-valley gap has been dramatic...
The energy consumption of air-conditioning systems is a major part of energy consumption in buildings. Optimal control strategies have been increasingly developed in building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this paper, a...
Generating air-conditioning system load data is crucial for tasks such as power grid scheduling and intelligent energy management. Air-conditioning load data exhibit strong non-stationarity. Their load curves are influenced by seasonal variations and...
Considering the huge power consumption, rapid response and the short-term heat reserving capacity of the air conditioning load in the building’s energy system, the air conditioning load and its system can be equivalent to the virtual energy sto...
Cooling load forecasting is a crucial aspect of optimizing energy efficiency and efficient operation in central air conditioning systems for manufacturing plants. Due to the influence of multiple factors, the cooling load in manufacturing plants exhi...
Over the past few decades, grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVSs) have been consistently installed due to their techno-socio-economic-environmental advantages. As an effective solution, this technology can shave air conditioning-based peak load...
In recent years, the peak–valley differences in urban power loads have been increasing. It is difficult to maintain the real-time balance of a power system by relying solely on the generation-side resources. As a typical flexible load, an air c...
In an office building, the internal heat and the skin load are both expected to change. Thus, this study is an initial step that searches for optimum replacement measures when a heat source system is replaced on an office building in Korea. The opera...
The air compressor holds paramount importance due to its significant energy consumption when compared to other Balance of Plant components of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The air supply system, in turn, plays a critical role in ensu...
To better utilize air-conditioning load in terms of demand side response potential and improve precision and speed, a control strategy of traditional temperature-control air conditioning, determining frequency load as the research object, and air con...
The steel industry, a typical energy-intensive sector, experiences significant load power fluctuations, particularly during peak periods, posing challenges to power-grid stability. Traditional studies often overlook its unique production characterist...
Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems constitute the majority of the demands in modern power systems for aggregated buildings. However, HVAC integrated with renewable energy sources (RES) face notable issues, such as uneven demand&...
The improvement of intelligent appliances provides the basis for the demand response (DR) of residential loads. Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) are one of the most important DR resources and are characterized by a large load and a high degre...
This paper focuses on the application of speed-regulated compressors (SRCs) to cover changeable heat loads with high efficiency in conventional air conditioning systems (ACS) as well as in the more advanced variable refrigerant flow (VRF)-type outdoo...
With the rapid development of a social economy, the yearly increase in air conditioning load in the winter and summer seasons may bring serious challenges to the safe and economic operation of the power grid during the peak period of electricity cons...
The prediction of cold load in ice-storage air conditioning systems plays a pivotal role in optimizing air conditioning operations, significantly contributing to the equilibrium of regional electricity supply and demand, mitigating power grid stress,...
All the energetic management and controlling strategies in ambient air conditioning systems (ACS) are aimed to match design load to current needs. This might be achieved by determining a rational value of design thermal load without overestimation th...
Outdoor air conditioning systems (ACS) are used as autonomic systems as well as in combined outdoor and indoor ACS of the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) type, with variable speed compressors (VSC) as their advanced version. Methods for determining t...
This study proposes a control method that integrates deep reinforcement learning with load forecasting, to enhance the energy efficiency of ground source heat pump systems. Eight machine learning models are first developed to predict future cooling l...
Demand response has been attracting increasing attention due to the promotion of renewable energy applications and the benefits of carbon emission reduction it brings for the utility grid. The development of the smart grid pays great attention to inv...
A hybrid air-conditioning system has been proposed by integrating an indirect evaporative pre-cooling unit. In the proposed system, the room exhaust air is employed in the indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) to pre-condition the ambient intake air. The...
The central air conditioning system accounts for 50% of the building energy consumption, and the cold source system accounts for more than 60% of the total energy consumption of the central air conditioning system. Therefore, it is crucial to solve t...
The performance, lifetime, and safety of electric vehicle batteries are strongly dependent on their temperature. Consequently, effective and energy-saving battery cooling systems are required. This study proposes a secondary-loop liquid pre-cooling s...
A common practice in the construction of residential and commercial buildings in Saudi Arabia is to insulate the outer walls and windows only. Other building components such as the roof, columns and slabs, and doors are usually neglected. Moreover, v...
The integration of large-scale renewable energy poses great challenges for the operation of power system because of its increased frequency fluctuations. More load frequency control (LFC) resources are demanded in order to maintain a stable system wi...
Kuwait stands as one of the hottest locations globally, experiencing scorching temperatures that can soar to 50 °C during the summer months. Conversely, in the winter months of December and January, temperatures may plummet to less than 10 °C...
The objective of this work is to analyze a gas injection borehole heat exchanger coupled with a desiccant assisted air conditioning system during cooling and heating operation. A common problem that occurs in air conditioning systems is peak loads, d...
Electric utility companies (EUCs) play an intermediary role of retailers between wholesale market and end-users, maximizing their profits. Retail pricing can be well deployed with the support of EUCs to promote demand response (DR) programs for heati...
In the context of the “Dual-Carbon Strategy”, the seamless integration and optimal utilization of renewable energy sources present a pressing challenge for the emerging power system. The advent of demand-side response technology offers a...
To study the influence of control parameters under cold-start and low-load conditions on the performance of a heavy-oil, two-stroke, direct-injection, ignition engine for use in aviation, the operation of a two-stroke, direct-injection engine was stu...
In this study, we assessed a lifestyle in which occupants adjust the fittings based on climate, weather, and time, in terms of energy efficiency and thermal conditions. The proposed solution is a Zero Energy House (ZEH) with high thermal performance....
of 27