726 Results Found

Licochalcone B (LCB) exhibits anticancer activity in oral cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, little is known about its antitumor mechanisms in human oxaliplatin-sensitive and -resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Th...

In recent years, male infertility has received global attention and seriously affected the quality of human fertility, and pyrethroids (type II pyrethroids), as recognized environmental endocrine disruptors, may threaten male reproductive health. The...

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of lower back pain. The pathophysiological development of IDD is closely related to the stimulation of various stressors, including proinflammatory cytokines, abnormal mechanical stress, oxidati...

Humanin (HN) is a novel 24-amino acid peptide that protects neurons against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced toxicity. However, the contribution of the different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signals to HN neuroprotection against NMDA...

As the most commonly used plasticizer, Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) exists everywhere in the environment due to the widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in human life, and it is also a recognized environmental pollutant. Studies have prov...

Drug-induced liver injury is one of the main causes of drug non-approval and drug withdrawal by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Bavachinin (BVC) is a natural product derived from the fruit of the traditional Chinese herb Fructus Psoraleae (FP...

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members integrate signals that affect proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration in a cell context- and cell type-specific way. JNK and p38 MAPK activit...

The combination of the mammalian target of rapamycin and proteasome inhibitors is a new treatment strategy for various tumors. Herein, we investigated the synergistic effect of everolimus and bortezomib on tumor growth and metastasis in bone and soft...

Oxytropis falcata Bunge is a plant used in traditional Tibetan medicine, with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidants effects and alleviation of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the underlying mechanism against MIRI and the...

Hp-s1 ganglioside is isolated from the sperm of sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus). In addition to neuritogenic activity, the biological function of Hp-s1 in neuroinflammation is unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory...

Flumequine is a well-known second generation quinolone antibiotic that induces phototoxicity. However, the effect of flumequine on skin melanogenesis is unclear. Therefore, we, for the first time, investigated whether flumequine regulates melanogenes...

The molecular signaling pathways that lead to cell survival/death after exposure to organophosphate compounds (OPCs) are not yet fully understood. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (...

Platycodin D (PD) is a potent adjuvant with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, the C2C12 myoblast cell line and mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models to identify potential signaling path...

Due to the challenge of prostate cancer (PCa) management, there has been a surge in efforts to identify more safe and effective compounds that can modulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) for driving metastasis. Holothurin A (HA), a...

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in the kidney is the most common cause of acute renal dysfunction through different cell damage mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate, on molecular basics for the first time, the effect of pantoprazole on renal...

The effects of trehalose, an autophagy-inducing disaccharide with neuroprotective properties, on the neurotoxicity of parkinsonian mimetics 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpiridinium (MPP⁺) are poorly understood. In our study, trehalo...

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive cancer in women, and despite improved treatments, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We and others have demonstrated that different hybrid compounds targeting PARP/MAPK or...

JNK and p38 are important mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that respond to stress stimuli. The stress-activated MAPKs associated with apoptotic cell death play vital roles in mammalian cells. Alnus hirsuta, which contains abundant diarylhept...

Degenerin proteins, such as the beta epithelial Na⁺ channel (βENaC), are essential in the intracellular signaling of pressure-induced constriction, an important vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. While certain cytokines reduce ENaC pro...

Tomentosin, one of natural sesquiterpene lactones sourced from Inula viscosa L., exerts therapeutic effects in various cell types. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activities and the underlying action mechanisms of tomentosin in HaCaT cells (a h...

The MAPK p38α was proposed to be a prominent promoter of skeletal muscle aging. The skeletal muscle tissue is composed of various muscle types, and it is not known if p38α is associated with aging in all of them. It is also not known if p...

The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consists of fourteen members and has been implicated in regulation of virtually all cellular processes. MAPKs are divided into two groups, conventional and atypical MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are...

The plasma membrane glucose transporter (GLUT)-2 is unique among GLUT family proteins in that it also functions as a glucose sensor. GLUT2 imposes sex-dimorphic control of hypothalamic astrocyte glucose storage and catabolism by unknown mechanisms. M...

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) has been an issue of considerable research in recent years and triggers a bewildering array of both detrimental and beneficial effects in several physiological systems. However, the mechanisms leading to the effect are not y...

Background/Objectives: Chronic synovitis is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) progression, driving cartilage degradation via inflammatory mediators. While the MAPK signaling pathway is implicated in OA pathogenesis its activation patterns in hip syno...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we focus on the role of MAPK pathways in modulating drug sensitivity and...

Dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation is a method to produce VE-enriched meat and improve meat lipid oxidative stability. We aimed to study the effect of the VE supplementation duration on meat lipid oxidative stability, VE retention, and antioxidan...

High-fat diets induced abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver of cultured fish that caused body damage and diseases. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role and mechanism of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in regulating lipid metabolism...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a global health burden, accounting for almost a million deaths annually. Deoxybouvardin (DB), a non-ribosomal peptide originally isolated from Bouvardia ternifolia, has been reported to possess antitumor activity; howe...

Pancreatic β-cell failure and death is considered to be one of the main factors responsible for type 2 diabetes. It is caused by, in addition to hyperglycemia, chronic exposure to increased concentrations of fatty acids, mainly saturated fatty acids....

The clinical application of gentamicin may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI), and the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin is related to the pathological mechanism of several oxidative and inflammatory cytokines. Plant-derived essential oils have good anti-i...

Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) account for the most abundant and dominant stromal component of the thymus, where T cells mature. Oxidative- or cytotoxic-stress associated injury in TECs, a significant and common problem in many clinical settings, may...

Epidermal keratinocytes represent a rich source of C-C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20) and recruit CCR6⁺ interleukin (IL)-17A–producing T cells that are known to be pathogenic for psoriasis. A previous study revealed that scratch injury on keratinoc...

Antrodan, a unique protein-bound polysaccharide derived from the fungal mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea, has been reported to exhibit antitumor and anti-metastatic effects on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells through direct action and immunomodulation...

Autophagy is a lysosomal pathway that degrades and recycles unused or dysfunctional cell components as well as toxic cytosolic materials. Basal autophagy favors cell survival. However, the aberrant regulation of autophagy can promote pathological con...

Thousand and one kinases (TAOKs) are members of the MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. Three members of this subfamily, TAOK1, 2, and 3, have been identified in mammals. It has been shown that TAOK1, 2 and 3 regulate the p38 MAPK and Hippo sign...

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a major histologic type of esophageal cancer, is one of the frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Picropodophyllotoxin (PPT) is the main component of Podophyllum hexandrum root with antitumor ac...

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important environmental factor that leads to immune suppression, inflammation, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. Here, we reviewed the specific signal transduction pathways and transcription factors involved...

The concern for implementing bioactive nutraceuticals in antioxidant-related therapies is of great importance for skin homeostasis in benign or malignant diseases. In order to elucidate some novel insights of Lycium barbarum (Goji berry) activity on...

Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Unlike acute pain, which is short-term and starts suddenly in response to an injury, neuropathic pain arises from somatosensory nervous system damage...

The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are senile plaques (SPs), which are composed of amyloid β protein (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which consist of highly phosphorylated tau protein. As bio-metal imbalance may be...

Renal damage is a devastating adverse effect for cyclosporine; a widely used immunosuppressant drug. The present work examined the potential of camel milk, a natural agent with marked anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties, to attenuate cyclosporin...

Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid that is present in a wide variety of medicinal herbs and edible plants. This study investigated the effect of UA on apoptosis and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. After treat...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac injury, inflammation, and apoptosis. It is a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine in many heart disorders, including chronic heart failure and ischemic heart disease, contrib...

Maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK) plays a significant role in cell cycle progression, mitosis, cell migration, cell renewal, gene expression, embryogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, and spliceosome assembly. In addition, MELK is known...

Chronic inflammation driven by Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression plays a key role in lung cancer (LC) progression, making it a critical therapeutic target. This study explores thymoquinone (TQ), a potent bioactive phytochemical derived from Nig...

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) that activates downstream JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to relay death signals into cells in response to various environmen...

Respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) annually cause respiratory illness, which may result in substantial disease and mortality in susceptible individuals. Viruses exploit host cell machinery for replication, which engages the...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant and rapidly advancing astrocytic brain tumor in adults. Current therapy possibilities are chemotherapy, surgical resection, and radiation. The complexity of drug release through the blood-brain barr...

Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme critical for melanin synthesis. It controls pigmentation in the skin. Activation of tyrosinase is currently the most common approach in the development of tanning and haircare products. Pratol is a 7-hydroxy-4-m...