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Viral Surveillance, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development in Domestic Animals...
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Viral Surveillance, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development in Domestic Animals and Wildlife

A Special Issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915) belonging to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 December 2026 | Viewed by 5406

Editors

Dr. Jieshi Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Interests: animal influenza viruses; animal rotaviruses; animal coronaviruses; viral surveillance; vaccine development; reverse genetics system; influenza biology
Prof. Dr. Feng Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
2. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
Interests: bovine influenza; influenza virology; rotavirus; veterinary virology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wen-Kang Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Interests: viral surveillance; diagnostic methods; antivirals; vaccines; veterinary virology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The prevalence of various animal viruses, including influenza viruses, coronaviruses, rotaviruses, etc., presents significant challenges to global public health and the livestock industry. This Special Issue focuses on research related to viruses in both domestic and wild animals. It includes surveillance of emerging and re-emerging viruses in domestic animals and wildlife to promptly detect potential threats. Additionally, this Special Issue explores transmission routes, aiming to clarify the dynamics of virus spread among different animal species. By analyzing pathogenic mechanisms, the research reveals how viruses affect their hosts while simultaneously advancing vaccine development to create effective prevention and control strategies. Through this multifaceted approach, this Special Issue seeks to mitigate virus dissemination, safeguard both human and animal health, and promote the sustainable development of the livestock industry.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Jieshi Yu
Prof. Dr. Feng Li
Dr. Wen-Kang Wei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animal viruses
  • influenza viruses
  • coronaviruses
  • rotaviruses
  • transmission
  • epidemiology
  • surveillance
  • pathogenesis
  • one health
  • vaccine
  • domestic animals
  • wildlife
  • emerging viruses
  • re-emerging viruses

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 19394 KB  
Communication
The Emergence and Evolution of Porcine Sapelovirus: Insights from Genomic Surveillance and Recombination Analysis in China
by Jie Tao, Benqiang Li, Jinghua Cheng, Ying Shi, Lilei Lv, Qi Li and Huili Liu
Viruses 2026, 18(9), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18091012 - 14 Sep 2026
Viewed by 165
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is an emerging enteric pathogen associated with diarrheal disease in pigs, yet its epidemiological characteristics and genomic diversity in China remain inadequately characterized. In this study, we systematically compiled epidemic data on all Chinese PSV strains reported in domestic and [...] Read more.
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is an emerging enteric pathogen associated with diarrheal disease in pigs, yet its epidemiological characteristics and genomic diversity in China remain inadequately characterized. In this study, we systematically compiled epidemic data on all Chinese PSV strains reported in domestic and international literature and constructed a geographic distribution map of PSV across China. Analysis of co-infection patterns revealed that PSV frequently co-occurs with PEDV, PAstV, and PKoV. A total of 74 PSV Chinese strains were retrieved from GenBank for genomic characterization. No distinct regional clustering was observed among the prevalent strains; however, a remarkably high recombination rate of 85.14% was identified, with recombination breakpoints predominantly concentrated near the 2A gene region. Temporal phylogenetic analysis indicated that avian sapeloviruses and PSV shared a similar evolutionary timeline (1985), with PSV-1 emerging earlier than PSV-2. Within the PSV-1 subtype, the German strain exhibited the earliest divergence (1997), followed by Chinese strains (1985), then Korean and American strains (2005). These findings underscore the importance of sustained genomic surveillance and highlight the need for further investigation into the pathogenicity of circulating recombinant strains and their roles in polymicrobial infections, which is critical for developing effective control strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Surveillance, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development in Domestic Animals and Wildlife)
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14 pages, 2652 KB  
Article
Metaviromic Profiling of Genetic Diversity and Prevalence of Suid Herpesviruses Circulating in China
by Jing Wang, Zhibin Shi, Shida Wang, Zaisi Liu, Lili Wei and Jingfei Wang
Viruses 2026, 18(6), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18060625 - 29 May 2026
Viewed by 626
Abstract
Three species of suid herpesviruses (SuHVs) have been reported in pigs, specifically pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PoCMV), and porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). However, their genetic diversity and epidemic circulating status in China remain largely unclear. In this study, 7200 nasal swabs and [...] Read more.
Three species of suid herpesviruses (SuHVs) have been reported in pigs, specifically pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PoCMV), and porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). However, their genetic diversity and epidemic circulating status in China remain largely unclear. In this study, 7200 nasal swabs and 2571 serum samples were collected from pigs across 17 provincial regions in China in 2017. All samples were pooled into 22 libraries based on sample type and geographic origin for high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Metaviromic analysis identified all three SuHV species, revealing marked variations in their detection rates and viral abundance. Notably, PoCMV and PRV were detected in all 17 sampled provinces, accompanied by high viral genome sequence abundance (RPM > 1 × 102), while PLHV was only found in nasal swabs from 10 provinces, with extremely low sequence abundance (RPM < 2). Further phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses revealed notable molecular characteristics of the three circulating SuHVs: PoCMV exhibited substantial genetic diversity with at least two major evolutionary clades identified in Chinese pig populations; variant genotype II PRV strains were confirmed as the predominant circulating lineage; and potential PLHV variants with partial sequence divergence from the reference strain were also found to circulate in China. These findings enrich the molecular epidemiological data of SuHVs in Chinese pig populations and highlight the previously overlooked, highly widespread circulation of PoCMV, warranting attention to its potential impacts on swine health and production performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Surveillance, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development in Domestic Animals and Wildlife)
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14 pages, 1586 KB  
Article
Concentration- and Time-Dependent Virucidal Responses of Major Transboundary Animal Disease Viruses to Disinfectants
by Sok Song, So-Hee Park, Kyu-Sik Shin, Hyun-Ok Ku and Wooseog Jeong
Viruses 2026, 18(2), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18020225 - 11 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1123
Abstract
Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) pose persistent threats to global livestock production, and chemical disinfection remains a critical component of biosecurity. However, virucidal efficacy is commonly assessed using single-condition endpoints, limiting comparative interpretation across biologically heterogeneous viruses. In this study, an experimental framework explicitly [...] Read more.
Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) pose persistent threats to global livestock production, and chemical disinfection remains a critical component of biosecurity. However, virucidal efficacy is commonly assessed using single-condition endpoints, limiting comparative interpretation across biologically heterogeneous viruses. In this study, an experimental framework explicitly structured across virus species, disinfectant concentration, and contact time was applied to systematically compare virucidal response patterns across four major TAD viruses—avian influenza virus, African swine fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and lumpy skin disease virus. Four representative disinfectant active ingredients from distinct chemical classes were evaluated across multiple concentrations and defined contact times using quantitative suspension assays. Virucidal efficacy was quantified using log10 reduction values, and critical concentrations required to achieve ≥4 log10 reduction were derived for comparative analysis. Distinct concentration–response profiles were observed among disinfectant classes, with some ingredients showing relatively consistent activity across viruses, while others exhibited pronounced virus-specific thresholds. Notably, enveloped viruses did not uniformly display higher susceptibility, and extension of contact time enhanced efficacy predominantly in an ingredient-dependent manner. To integrate these multifactorial outcomes at the virus level, a quartile-based analysis was applied, providing a conservative indicator of relative viral resistance across disinfectants and exposure conditions. Overall, these findings demonstrate that virucidal susceptibility is shaped by interactions between disinfectant chemistry and exposure parameters, and support concentration–time-resolved, pattern-based evaluation frameworks—supplemented by quartile-based resistance ranking—beyond single-condition endpoints for assessing disinfectant efficacy against animal viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Surveillance, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development in Domestic Animals and Wildlife)
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20 pages, 2447 KB  
Article
Viromic Insights into Gut RNA Virus Diversity Among Three Corvid Species
by Yonggang Dong, Sitong Fan, Lilin Zhu, Kirill Sharshov and Wen Wang
Viruses 2025, 17(11), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17111508 - 17 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1225
Abstract
As viromics advances, the diversity and ecological significance of RNA viruses in global ecosystems are gaining growing recognition. Nevertheless, studies on RNA viruses in wildlife, especially non-model avian species, are still relatively scarce. This study employed viral metagenomics to systematically characterize the gut [...] Read more.
As viromics advances, the diversity and ecological significance of RNA viruses in global ecosystems are gaining growing recognition. Nevertheless, studies on RNA viruses in wildlife, especially non-model avian species, are still relatively scarce. This study employed viral metagenomics to systematically characterize the gut RNA viromes of three widely distributed corvid species on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: the Red-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax), Daurian jackdaw (Coloeus dauuricus), and Rook (Corvus frugilegus). These three corvid species are closely associated with human-inhabited areas on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and display distinctive scavenging behaviors that may lower their exposure to environmental pathogens while concurrently elevating their risk of viral infection, rendering them key targets for viral surveillance and research into zoonotic disease transmission. The analysis annotated viral communities into 4 phyla and 8 classes, with Pisuviricota and Kitrinoviricota emerging as the predominant phyla in all samples. Alpha diversity analysis indicated no significant differences among groups, while beta diversity showed significant compositional differences. KEGG annotation revealed that enriched functional pathways were mainly concentrated in “Global and overview maps”, “Drug resistance: antimicrobial”, and “Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites”. Furthermore, 4 antibiotic resistance genes and 13 putative virulence factor genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that several identified viruses have the potential for cross-species transmission, underscoring the pivotal role of wild birds in viral ecosystems and disease spread. This study uncovered multi-faceted features of the gut RNA viromes in the three crow species, spanning structural, functional, and evolutionary dimensions. These results offer novel perspectives on the viromes of wild corvids and their potential contributions to viral emergence and dissemination in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Surveillance, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development in Domestic Animals and Wildlife)
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Review

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34 pages, 2474 KB  
Review
Avian Metapneumovirus: Current Knowledge, Critical Gaps, and Future Directions in Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Control Across Poultry Systems
by Abhijith Anil, Biswash Ghimire, Menuka Bhandari and Kush Kumar Yadav
Viruses 2026, 18(7), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18070781 - 16 Jul 2026
Viewed by 1389
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an economically significant respiratory virus of poultry that causes major losses due to reduced egg production and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. It has global significance in poultry production systems and mainly affects turkeys, chickens, and ducks. It was [...] Read more.
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an economically significant respiratory virus of poultry that causes major losses due to reduced egg production and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. It has global significance in poultry production systems and mainly affects turkeys, chickens, and ducks. It was first detected in South Africa in 1978 and is classified into four distinct subtypes (A–D) based upon sequence divergence of the glycoprotein (G) gene. Subtype C has historically been the dominant subtype in the US, first detected in the late 1990s, causing approximately $15 million economic loss per year in Minnesota alone. However, after a decade, aMPV re-emerged in the fall of 2023. Subtype A in California and B in North Carolina was detected for the very first time in the US, impacting multiple states, with an estimated $112 million loss in Minnesota alone. The most recent US Animal Health Association (USAHA) annual survey has now ranked aMPV as the most frequently reported issue in turkey production. Even after four decades of virus identification, areas such as transmission routes, host–virus interactions and tissue tropism within the host are not studied in detail. Addressing these gaps via current modernized research tools is crucial in minimizing the impact of aMPV on the poultry industry. Therefore, this review article summarizes current knowledge on aMPV while identifying critical research gaps and emphasizing future research directions for combating aMPV and supporting long-term sustainability of the turkey industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Surveillance, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development in Domestic Animals and Wildlife)
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