Sustainability

30 pages, 413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Institutional Ownership and Climate-Related Disclosures in Malaysia: The Moderating Role of Sustainability Committees

by Heba Mousa Mousa Hikal, Abbas Abdelrahman Adam Abdalla, Iman Babiker, Aida Osman Abdalla Bilal, Bashir Bakri Agib Babiker, Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi Abdelraheem and Shadia Daoud Gamer

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6528; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146528 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between institutional shareholders and climate-related disclosure (CRD) and how sustainability committees influence this relationship among publicly listed Malaysian firms. For the analysis, 990 firm-year observations were studied from 198 highly polluting firms from 2021 to 2024. A strong [...] Read more.

This study explores the relationship between institutional shareholders and climate-related disclosure (CRD) and how sustainability committees influence this relationship among publicly listed Malaysian firms. For the analysis, 990 firm-year observations were studied from 198 highly polluting firms from 2021 to 2024. A strong CRD index was designed using the recognized climate reporting frameworks and well-grounded literature to assess the level of climate-related disclosure. Fixed-effects and hierarchical panel regression models show that CRD increases when institutional investor ownership increases, meaning firms with more institutional investors disclose more information on climate-related topics. In addition, a sustainability committee at the board level greatly improves this relationship by highlighting the positive impact of strong internal governance. As a result, such committees establish climate management and improve communication with investors, making the firm’s actions more transparent. The findings of this study are consistent with agency and legitimacy theories because institutional investors assist in monitoring firms’ environmental performance, and sustainability committees help the company maintain these standards internally. Further, this study helps grow the understanding of corporate governance (CG) and sustainability by pointing out that the presence of institutional owners and sustainability committees can promote openness about climate matters. Accordingly, these findings can guide policymakers, investors, and business leaders in boosting responsible environmental reporting and sustainable business practices in developing countries. Full article

22 pages, 1233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Turkiye’s Carbon Emission Profile: A Global Analysis with the MEREC-PROMETHEE Hybrid Method

by İrem Pelit and İlker İbrahim Avşar

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6527; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146527 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study conducts a comparative evaluation of Turkiye’s carbon emission profile from both sectoral and global perspectives. Utilizing 2022 data from 76 countries, it applies two widely recognized multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods: MEREC, for determining objective weights of criteria, and PROMETHEE II, for [...] Read more.

This study conducts a comparative evaluation of Turkiye’s carbon emission profile from both sectoral and global perspectives. Utilizing 2022 data from 76 countries, it applies two widely recognized multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods: MEREC, for determining objective weights of criteria, and PROMETHEE II, for ranking countries based on these criteria. All data used in the analysis were obtained from the World Bank, a globally recognized and credible statistical source. The study evaluates seven criteria, including carbon emissions from the energy, transport, industry, and residential sectors, along with GDP-related indicators. The results indicate that Turkiye’s carbon emissions, particularly from industry, transport, and energy, are substantially higher than the global average. Moreover, countries with higher levels of industrialization generally rank lower in environmental performance, highlighting a direct relationship between industrial activity and increased carbon emissions. According to PROMETHEE II rankings, Turkiye falls into the lower-middle tier among the assessed countries. In light of these findings, the study suggests that Turkiye should implement targeted, sector-specific policy measures to reduce emissions. The research aims to provide policymakers with a structured, data-driven framework that aligns with the country’s broader sustainable development goals. MEREC was selected for its ability to produce unbiased criterion weights, while PROMETHEE II was chosen for its capacity to deliver clear and meaningful comparative rankings, making both methods highly suitable for evaluating environmental performance. This study also offers a broader analysis of how selected countries compare in terms of their carbon emissions. As carbon emissions remain one of the most pressing environmental challenges in the context of global warming and climate change, ranking countries based on emission levels serves both to support scientific inquiry and to increase international awareness. By relying on recent 2022 data, the study offers a timely snapshot of the global carbon emission landscape. Alongside its contribution to public awareness, the findings are expected to support policymakers in developing effective environmental strategies. Ultimately, this research contributes to the academic literature and lays a foundation for more sustainable environmental policy development. Full article

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19 pages, 677 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rural Entrepreneurs and Forest Futures: Pathways to Emission Reduction and Sustainable Energy

by Ephraim Daka

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6526; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146526 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Rural areas around the world are increasingly dealing with energy and environmental challenges. These challenges are particularly acute in developing countries, where persistent reliance on traditional energy sources—such as wood fuel—intersects with concerns about forest conservation and energy sustainability. While wood fuel use [...] Read more.

Rural areas around the world are increasingly dealing with energy and environmental challenges. These challenges are particularly acute in developing countries, where persistent reliance on traditional energy sources—such as wood fuel—intersects with concerns about forest conservation and energy sustainability. While wood fuel use is often portrayed as unsustainable, it is important to acknowledge that much of it remains ecologically viable and socially embedded. This study explores the role of rural entrepreneurs in shaping low-carbon transitions at the intersection of household energy practices and environmental stewardship. Fieldwork was carried out in four rural Zambian communities in 2016 and complemented by 2024 follow-up reports. It examines the connections between household energy choices, greenhouse gas emissions, and forest resource dynamics. Findings reveal that over 60% of rural households rely on charcoal for cooking, with associated emissions estimated between 80 and 150 kg CO₂ per household per month. Although this is significantly lower than the average per capita carbon footprint in industrialized countries, such emissions are primarily biogenic in nature. While rural communities contribute minimally to global climate change, their practices have significant local environmental consequences. This study draws attention to the structural constraints as well as emerging opportunities within Zambia’s rural energy economy. It positions rural entrepreneurs not merely as policy recipients but as active agents of innovation, environmental monitoring, and participatory resource governance. A model is proposed to support sustainable rural energy transitions by aligning forest management with context-sensitive emissions strategies. Full article

34 pages, 3212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ecological Status of the Small Rivers of the East Kazakhstan Region

by Natalya Seraya, Gulzhan Daumova, Olga Petrova, Ricardo Garcia-Mira and Arina Polyakova

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6525; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146525 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

The article presents a long-term assessment of the surface water quality of six small rivers in the East Kazakhstan region (Breksa, Tikhaya, Ulba, Glubochanka, Krasnoyarka, and Oba) based on hydrochemical monitoring data from the Kazhydromet State Enterprise for the period 2017–2024. A unified [...] Read more.

The article presents a long-term assessment of the surface water quality of six small rivers in the East Kazakhstan region (Breksa, Tikhaya, Ulba, Glubochanka, Krasnoyarka, and Oba) based on hydrochemical monitoring data from the Kazhydromet State Enterprise for the period 2017–2024. A unified water quality classification system was applied, along with statistical methods, including multiple linear regression. The Glubochanka and Krasnoyarka rivers were identified as the most polluted (reaching classes 4–5), with multiple exceedances of Zn (up to 2.96 mg/dm³), Cd (up to 0.8 mg/dm³), and Cu (up to 0.051 mg/dm³). The most stable and highest water quality was recorded in the Oba River, where from 2021 to 2024, water consistently corresponded to Class 2. Regression models of water quality class as a function of time and annual precipitation were constructed to assess the influence of climatic factors. Statistical analysis revealed no consistent linear correlation between average annual precipitation and water quality (correlation coefficients ranging from −0.49 to +0.37), indicating a complex interplay between climatic and anthropogenic factors. Significant relationships were found for the Breksa (R² = 0.903), Glubochanka (R² = 0.602), and Tikhaya (R² = 0.555) rivers, suggesting an influence of temporal and climatic factors on water quality. In contrast, the Oba (R² = 0.130), Ulba (R² = 0.100), and Krasnoyarka (R² = 0.018) rivers exhibited low coefficients, indicating the predominance of other, likely local, sources of pollution. It was found that summer periods are characterized by the highest pollution due to low water flow, while episodes of acid runoff occur in spring. A decrease in pH below 7.0 was first recorded in 2023–2024 in the Ulba and Tikhaya rivers. Forecasts to 2030 suggest relative stability in water quality under current climatic conditions; however, by 2050, the risk of water quality deterioration is expected to rise due to increased precipitation and extreme weather events. This study presents, for the first time, a systematic long-term analysis of small rivers in the East Kazakhstan region, offering deeper insight into the dynamics of surface water quality and providing a scientific foundation for developing adaptive strategies for the protection and sustainable use of water resources under climate change and anthropogenic pressure. The results emphasize the importance of prioritizing rivers with high variability in water quality for regular monitoring and the development of adaptive conservation measures. The research holds strong applied significance for shaping a sustainable water use strategy in the region. Full article

27 pages, 1677 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of IMO Market-Based Measures on Korean Shipping Companies: A Focus on the GHG Levy

by Hanna Kim and Sunghwa Park

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6524; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146524 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study examines the effects of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) market-based measures, with a particular focus on the greenhouse gas (GHG) levy and on the financial and operational performance of Korean shipping companies. The analysis estimates that these companies, which play a [...] Read more.

This study examines the effects of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) market-based measures, with a particular focus on the greenhouse gas (GHG) levy and on the financial and operational performance of Korean shipping companies. The analysis estimates that these companies, which play a vital role in global trade, consume approximately 9211 kilotons of fuel annually and emit 28.5 million tons of carbon dioxide. Under the lowest proposed carbon tax scenario, the financial burden on these companies is estimated at approximately KRW 1.07 trillion, resulting in an 8.8% reduction in net profit, a 2.4% decrease in return on equity (ROE), and a 1.1% decline in return on assets (ROA). Conversely, under the highest carbon tax scenario, costs rise to KRW 4.89 trillion, leading to a significant 40.2% decrease in net profit, thereby posing a serious threat to the financial stability and competitiveness of these firms. These findings underscore the urgent need for strategic policy interventions to mitigate the financial impact of carbon taxation while promoting both environmental sustainability and economic resilience in the maritime sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Management of Shipping, Ports and Logistics)

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26 pages, 5423 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using System Thinking to Identify Food Wastage (FW) Leverage Points in Four Different Food Chains

by Annelies Verspeek-van der Stelt, Frederike Praasterink, Evelot Westerink-Duijzer, Ayella Spaapen, Woody Maijers and Antien Zuidberg

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6523; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146523 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

About one third of all food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted, leading to societal, economic and environmental challenges. This study identifies the most important food wastage (FW) leverage points and their interrelations with specific food chains. Semi-structured interviews were conducted [...] Read more.

About one third of all food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted, leading to societal, economic and environmental challenges. This study identifies the most important food wastage (FW) leverage points and their interrelations with specific food chains. Semi-structured interviews were conducted across four different food chains (milk, poultry, potatoes and greenhouse-grown fruit and vegetables) from primary production to food service. The outcomes of the interviews were summarized via a systems approach and validated during co-creation sessions. A total of twenty-two FW leverage points were identified across the food chains, consisting of four major hotspots, six patterns of behaviours, six structures and six mental models. Common transformative leverage points across all food chains were damaged products, oversupply, regulations and standards that limit product use and a lack of prioritization of FW reduction. Additionally, this study found that co-creation sessions with stakeholders from across the food chains could facilitate the formation of coalitions of willing companies, encouraging collaborative efforts to reduce FW. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Waste and Recycling)

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32 pages, 1973 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scheduling and Routing of Device Maintenance for an Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring IoT

by Peng-Yeng Yin

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6522; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146522 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Air quality monitoring IoT is one of the approaches to achieving a sustainable future. However, the large area of IoT and the high number of monitoring microsites pose challenges for device maintenance to guarantee quality of service (QoS) in monitoring. This paper proposes [...] Read more.

Air quality monitoring IoT is one of the approaches to achieving a sustainable future. However, the large area of IoT and the high number of monitoring microsites pose challenges for device maintenance to guarantee quality of service (QoS) in monitoring. This paper proposes a novel maintenance programming model for a large-area IoT containing 1500 monitoring microsites. In contrast to classic device maintenance, the addressed programming scenario considers the division of appropriate microsites into batches, the determination of the batch maintenance date, vehicle routing for the delivery of maintenance services, and a set of hard constraints such as QoS in air quality monitoring, the maximum number of labor working hours, and an upper limit on the total CO₂ emissions. Heuristics are proposed to generate the batches of microsites and the scheduled maintenance date for the batches. A genetic algorithm is designed to find the shortest routes by which to visit the batch microsites by a fleet of vehicles. Simulations are conducted based on government open data. The experimental results show that the maintenance and transportation costs yielded by the proposed model grow linearly with the number of microsites if the fleet size is also linearly related to the microsite number. The mean time between two consecutive cycles is around 17 days, which is generally sufficient for the preparation of the required maintenance materials and personnel. With the proposed method, the decision-maker can circumvent the difficulties in handling the hard constraints, and the allocation of maintenance resources, including budget, materials, and engineering personnel, is easier to manage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

23 pages, 1257 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Research on Inclusive Tourism: Clusters of Thematic Links and Research Gaps

by Karolina Korbiel, Katarzyna Gmyrek and Zygmunt Kruczek

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6521; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146521 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

The aim of the study is to identify research on inclusive tourism and its links with related research directions. For this purpose, a review of the literature available in the Scopus database was carried out using the VOSviewer bibliometric tool. The analysis included [...] Read more.

The aim of the study is to identify research on inclusive tourism and its links with related research directions. For this purpose, a review of the literature available in the Scopus database was carried out using the VOSviewer bibliometric tool. The analysis included titles and abstracts of a selected group of articles that were assessed directly by the researchers. This process enabled the identification and characterisation of thematic clusters reflecting the most frequently undertaken research issues, and also allowed for the indication of research gaps and changes occurring over time. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of graphs and tables. In the discussion and final conclusions, significant connections of inclusive tourism are indicated. Although inclusiveness is an important objective of sustainable development, these terms were clearly linked in scientific research only in 2002, and since 2020, there has been a noticeable increase in these connections. The vast majority of studies are focused on the needs of people with mobility disabilities and seniors, but it has been noted that research is beginning to increasingly pay attention to other groups of individuals with special needs as well as the inclusion of marginalised social groups in tourism planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)

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22 pages, 2611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Biosurfactants on the Efficiency of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Biodegradation in Soil

by Katarzyna Wojtowicz, Teresa Steliga, Tomasz Skalski and Piotr Kapusta

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6520; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146520 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons is a serious environmental issue, necessitating the development of effective and environmentally friendly remediation methods that align with the principles of sustainable development. This study investigated the impact of selected biosurfactants on the efficiency of the biodegradation of [...] Read more.

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons is a serious environmental issue, necessitating the development of effective and environmentally friendly remediation methods that align with the principles of sustainable development. This study investigated the impact of selected biosurfactants on the efficiency of the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil. Six biosurfactants—poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), rhamnolipid, surfactin, a mixture of γ-PGA, rhamnolipids, and surfactin (PSR), as well as two commercial formulations (JBR 425 and JBR 320)—were evaluated in combination with a bacterial consortium. Biodegradation experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions for a 90-day period. The effectiveness of the tested biosurfactants was assessed using respirometric analysis, the chromatographic determination of the residual hydrocarbon content, and toxicity assays. The results showed that the application of a bacterial consortium enriched with a mixture of biosurfactants PSR (a biosurfactant concentration in the inoculating mixture: 5 g/dm³) was the most effective approach, resulting in an oxygen uptake of 5164.8 mgO₂/dm³ after 90 days, with TPH and PAH degradation rates of 77.3% and 70.32%, respectively. Phytotoxicity values decreased significantly, with TU values ranging from 6.32 to 4.62 (growth inhibition) and 3.77 to 4.13 (germination). Toxicity also decreased in the ostracodtoxkit test (TU = 4.35) and the Microtox SPT test (TU = 4.91). Among the tested biosurfactants, surfactin showed the least improvement in its bioremediation efficiency. Under the same concentration as in the PSR mixture, the oxygen uptake was 3446.7 mgO₂/dm³, with TPH and PAH degradation rates of 60.64% and 52.64%, respectively. In the system inoculated with the bacterial consortium alone (without biosurfactants), the biodegradation efficiency reached 44.35% for TPH and 36.97% for PAHs. The results demonstrate that biosurfactants can significantly enhance the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil, supporting their potential application in sustainable bioremediation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Microbial Innovations in Solid Waste Transformation and Soil Rejuvenation)

18 pages, 777 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decision Optimization of Manufacturing Supply Chain Based on Resilience

by Feng Lyu, Jiajie Zhang, Fen Liu and Huili Chu

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6519; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146519 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Manufacturing serves as a vital indicator of a nation’s economic strength, technological advancement, and comprehensive competitiveness. In the context of the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) business environment and globalization, uncertain market demand has intensified supply chain disruption risks, necessitating resilience strategies to [...] Read more.

Manufacturing serves as a vital indicator of a nation’s economic strength, technological advancement, and comprehensive competitiveness. In the context of the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) business environment and globalization, uncertain market demand has intensified supply chain disruption risks, necessitating resilience strategies to enhance supply chain stability. This study proposes five resilience strategies—establishing an information sharing system, multi-sourcing, alternative suppliers, safety stock, and alternative transportation plans—while integrating sustainability requirements. A multi-objective mixed-integer optimization model was developed to balance cost efficiency, resilience, and environmental sustainability. Comparative analysis reveals that the resilience-embedded model outperforms traditional approaches in both cost control and risk mitigation capabilities. The impact of parameter variations on the model results was examined through sensitivity analysis. The findings demonstrate that the proposed optimization model effectively enhances supply chain resilience—mitigating cost fluctuations while maintaining robust demand fulfillment under uncertainties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Decision-Making in Sustainable Management)

24 pages, 988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toward an Experimental Common Framework for Measuring Double Materiality in Companies

by Christian Bux, Paola Geatti, Serena Sebastiani, Andrea Del Chicca, Pasquale Giungato, Angela Tarabella and Caterina Tricase

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6518; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146518 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

In Europe, corporate sustainability reporting through the double materiality assessment was formally introduced with the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in response to the European Sustainability Reporting Standards. The double materiality assessment is essential not only to determine the scope of corporate sustainability reporting [...] Read more.

In Europe, corporate sustainability reporting through the double materiality assessment was formally introduced with the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in response to the European Sustainability Reporting Standards. The double materiality assessment is essential not only to determine the scope of corporate sustainability reporting but also to guide companies toward an efficient allocation of resources and shape corporate sustainability strategies. However, although EFRAG represents the technical adviser of the European Commission, there are numerous “interoperable” standards related to the assessment of double materiality, including the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), or UNI 11919-1:2023. This research intends to systematically analyze similarities and divergences between the most widespread double materiality assessment standards at the global scale, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses and trying to identify a comparable path toward the creation of a set of common guidelines. This analysis is carried out through the systematic study of seven standards and by answering nine questions ranging from generic ones, such as “what is the concept of double materiality?”, to more technical questions like “does the standard identify thresholds?”, but adding original prospects such as “does the standard refer to different types of capital?”. Findings highlight that EFRAG, UNI 11919-1:2023, and GRI represent the most complete and least-discretionary standards, but some methodological aspects need to be enhanced. In the double materiality assessment, companies must identify key stakeholders, material topics and material risks, and must develop the double materiality matrix, promoting transparent disclosure, continuous monitoring, and stakeholders’ engagement. While comparability is principally required among companies operating within the same sector and of similar size, this does not preclude the possibility of comparing firms across different sectors with respect to specific indicators, when appropriate or necessary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chains, Logistics, Production and Conscious Consumers)

34 pages, 1567 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Framework Supporting the Innovative Capacity of Higher Education Institutions: An Integrative Literature Review

by Lydia Schaap, Femke Nijland, Miriam Cents-Boonstra and Kristin Vanlommel

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6517; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146517 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly called upon to both respond to and drive societal change. To better understand how HEIs can enhance their ability to innovate, an integrative literature review was conducted, examining the concept of innovative capacity. Key resources, such as [...] Read more.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly called upon to both respond to and drive societal change. To better understand how HEIs can enhance their ability to innovate, an integrative literature review was conducted, examining the concept of innovative capacity. Key resources, such as social capital and leadership, that support innovative capacity were identified, and the ways in which these key resources interact to give rise to innovation outcomes were explored. The findings were synthesized in a conceptual framework that illuminates the pathways through which the capacity for innovation can be built and leveraged by HEIs. This framework serves as both a theoretical foundation for future research and a practical guide for HEI leaders and policymakers seeking to foster innovation. By leveraging these insights, HEIs can better navigate the challenges of a rapidly evolving society and reinforce their role as key drivers of knowledge creation and the complex societal transformations necessary for a sustainable future. Full article

24 pages, 1654 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Port Collection and Distribution System in Low-Carbon Development: Scenario-Based System Dynamics

by Qingzhou Wang, Mengfan Li, Yuning Zhang and Yanan Kang

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6516; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146516 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study aims to explore the factors and mechanisms influencing the low-carbon development of Green Port Collection and Distribution Systems (GPCDSs) and to identify effective pathways and policy approaches to promote such development. Given the limited prior research integrating low-carbon policies, energy structure, [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore the factors and mechanisms influencing the low-carbon development of Green Port Collection and Distribution Systems (GPCDSs) and to identify effective pathways and policy approaches to promote such development. Given the limited prior research integrating low-carbon policies, energy structure, and transportation systems, this study combines these three dimensions into a unified analytical framework. A scenario-based system dynamics model of GPCDS low-carbon development is established, incorporating factors such as low-carbon policies, energy structure, and transportation structure. The control variable method is employed to examine system behavior under 13 scenarios. The results indicate that freight subsidy policies and the internalization of carbon emission costs make the most substantial contributions to low-carbon development in GPCDS, yielding CO₂ emission reductions of 14.3% and 15.7%, respectively. Additionally, improvements in port railway infrastructure contribute to a 6.4% reduction in CO₂ emissions. In contrast, carbon taxes and energy structure adjustments have relatively limited effects, likely due to the delayed responsiveness of fossil fuel-dependent transportation sectors to pricing signals and the inherent inertia in transitioning energy systems. Full article

17 pages, 495 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability Uncertainty and Digital Transformation: Evidence from Corporate ESG Rating Divergence in China

by Xiaoya Chen, Yue Song, Xueqin Hu and Guangfan Sun

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6515; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146515 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

ESG serves as a key metric for measuring corporate sustainability, but divergence among rating agencies has led to uncertainty in such an assessment. This investigation identifies ESG rating divergence as a critical catalyst for corporate digital transformation, establishing empirical analysis through a robust [...] Read more.

ESG serves as a key metric for measuring corporate sustainability, but divergence among rating agencies has led to uncertainty in such an assessment. This investigation identifies ESG rating divergence as a critical catalyst for corporate digital transformation, establishing empirical analysis through a robust positive correlation between the heterogeneity in sustainability assessments and organizational digitalization intensity. Comprehensive robustness examinations and endogeneity controls substantiate the persistent significance of this relationship. Mechanistically, such divergence drives technological adaptation by restructuring the R&D team composition and elevating capital allocation toward innovative initiatives. Contextual heterogeneity manifests through amplified effects in firms with elevated analyst scrutiny and stringent internal governance, whereas pollution-intensive enterprises exhibit significant effect suppression. These findings collectively advance theoretical frameworks concerning ESG evaluation economics and digital transformation drivers, while furnishing actionable implementation blueprints for corporate digitization strategists. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enterprise Digital Development and Sustainable Business Systems)

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31 pages, 2663 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Noise Pollution into Life Cycle Assessment: A Comparative Framework for Concrete and Timber Floor Construction

by Rabaka Sultana, Taslima Khanam and Ahmad Rashedi

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6514; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146514 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Despite the well-documented health risks of noise pollution, its impact remains overlooked mainly in life cycle assessment (LCA). This study introduces a methodological innovation by integrating both traffic and construction noise into the LCA framework for concrete construction, providing a more holistic and [...] Read more.

Despite the well-documented health risks of noise pollution, its impact remains overlooked mainly in life cycle assessment (LCA). This study introduces a methodological innovation by integrating both traffic and construction noise into the LCA framework for concrete construction, providing a more holistic and realistic evaluation of environmental and health impacts. By combining building information modeling (BIM) with LCA, the method automates material quantification and assesses both environmental and noise-related health burdens. A key advancement is the inclusion of health-based indicators, such as annoyance and sleep disturbance, quantified through disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Two scenarios are examined: (1) a comparative analysis of concrete versus timber flooring and (2) end-of-life options (reuse vs. landfill). The results reveal that concrete has up to 7.4 times greater environmental impact than timber, except in land use. When noise is included, its contribution ranges from 7–33% in low-density regions (Darwin) and 62–92% in high-density areas (NSW), underscoring the critical role of local context. Traffic noise emerged as the dominant source, while equipment-related noise was minimal (0.3–1.5% of total DALYs). Timber slightly reduced annoyance but showed similar sleep disturbance levels. Material reuse reduced midpoint environmental impacts by 67–99.78%. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that mitigation measures like double glazing can cut noise-related impacts by 2–10% in low-density settings and 31–45% in high-density settings, validating the robustness of this framework. Overall, this study establishes a foundation for integrating noise into LCA, supporting sustainable material choices, environmentally responsible construction, and health-centered policymaking, particularly in noise-sensitive urban development. Full article

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19 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Legacy Datasets and Their Impacts: Analysing Ecoinvent’s Influence on Wool and Polyester LCA Outcomes

by Mitali Nautiyal, Donna Cleveland, Amabel Hunting and Amanda Smith

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6513; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146513 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Accurate and transparent Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) datasets are essential for reliable sustainability evaluations, particularly in the complex and varied textile industry. Historically, the ecoinvent database has been a foundational source for LCA studies in the textile sector. This paper critically examines the [...] Read more.

Accurate and transparent Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) datasets are essential for reliable sustainability evaluations, particularly in the complex and varied textile industry. Historically, the ecoinvent database has been a foundational source for LCA studies in the textile sector. This paper critically examines the limitations of the ecoinvent v3.7 dataset, which is widely used in academic research, industry tools, and policymaking. While newer versions, such as v3.11, released in 2024, have addressed many issues, including enhanced geographical representation and updated emission profiles for chemicals, this study emphasises the historical implications of earlier data versions. By comparing the cradle-to-gate Global Warming Potential (GWP) of wool and polyester jumpers, this research reveals how aggregated and outdated data underestimated the polyester’s environmental impact while overestimating that of wool. These discrepancies have shaped fibre certification, eco-labelling, and consumer perceptions for years. Understanding the legacy of these datasets is vital for re-evaluating past LCA-based decisions and guiding future assessments toward greater regional relevance and transparency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Fashion and Textiles: Can Environmental Impact Assessments Inform a Circular Fashion Future?)

20 pages, 423 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perfectionism and Workaholism as Barriers to Lifelong Learning and Occupational Sustainability: A Cross-Professional Analysis

by Aniella Mihaela Vieriu and Simona Magdalena Hainagiu

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6512; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146512 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Workaholism and perfectionism have increasingly been identified as significant obstacles to effective lifelong learning and skills development, ultimately undermining long-term career adaptability and organizational resilience. This study explores the predictive role of perfectionism and professional workaholism, with a particular focus on their implications [...] Read more.

Workaholism and perfectionism have increasingly been identified as significant obstacles to effective lifelong learning and skills development, ultimately undermining long-term career adaptability and organizational resilience. This study explores the predictive role of perfectionism and professional workaholism, with a particular focus on their implications for continuous education and occupational sustainability—defined as employees’ ability to remain adaptable and resilient over time. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were collected from 105 participants (54 IT professionals and 51 nurses) who completed standardized measures of perfectionism and workaholism and reported their cognitive–emotional readiness for further training. Four regression models were employed to assess the impact of the three perfectionism dimensions and profession on overall workaholism and its subcomponents (excessive work, compulsive work, supplementary work). Socially prescribed perfectionism emerged as a strong predictor, accounting for over one-third of the variance in workaholism (β = 0.37; R²_adj = 0.368; p < 0.001), while self-oriented perfectionism significantly predicted excessive work (β = 0.25; p = 0.015). Professional domain had no significant effect, indicating the trans-professional nature of these psychological barriers. Additionally, workaholism was associated with reduced cognitive–emotional availability for ongoing training, highlighting its detrimental effects on lifelong learning. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on convenience sampling. From a practical perspective, the findings support interventions targeting maladaptive perfectionism, aiming to enhance engagement in continuous professional education and foster sustainable work environments, in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4 and SDG 8). Full article

15 pages, 4146 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring Forest Cover Trends in Nepal: Insights from 2000–2020

by Aditya Eaturu

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6511; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146511 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the spatial relationship between population distribution and tree cover loss in Nepal from 2000 to 2020, using satellite-based forest cover and population data along with statistical and geospatial analysis. Two statistical methods—linear regression (LR) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)—were used [...] Read more.

This study investigates the spatial relationship between population distribution and tree cover loss in Nepal from 2000 to 2020, using satellite-based forest cover and population data along with statistical and geospatial analysis. Two statistical methods—linear regression (LR) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)—were used to assess the influence of population on forest cover change. The correlation between total population and forest loss at the national level suggested little to no direct impact of population growth on forest loss. However, sub-national analysis revealed localized forest degradation, highlighting the importance of spatial and regional assessments to uncover land cover changes masked by national trends. While LR showed a weak national-level correlation, GWR revealed substantial spatial variation, with the coefficient of determination values increasing from 0.21 in 2000 to 0.59 in 2020. In some regions, local R² exceeded 0.75 during 2015 and 2020, highlighting emerging hotspot clusters where population pressure is strongly linked to deforestation, especially along major infrastructure corridors. Using very high-resolution spatial data enabled pixel-level analysis, capturing fine-scale deforestation patterns, and confirming hotspot accuracy. Overall, the findings emphasize the value of spatially explicit models like GWR for understanding human–environment interactions guiding targeted land use planning to balance development with environmental sustainability in Nepal. Full article

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43 pages, 1035 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Internet of Things Approaches for Vehicle Accident Detection and Emergency Notification

by Mohammad Ali Sahraei and Said Ramadhan Mubarak Al Mamari

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6510; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146510 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

The inspiration behind this specific research is based on addressing the growing need to improve road safety via the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) system. Although several investigations have discovered the possibility of IoT-based accident recognition, recent research remains fragmented, usually [...] Read more.

The inspiration behind this specific research is based on addressing the growing need to improve road safety via the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) system. Although several investigations have discovered the possibility of IoT-based accident recognition, recent research remains fragmented, usually concentrating on outdated science or specific use cases. This study aims to fill that gap by carefully examining and conducting a comparative analysis of 101 peer-reviewed articles published between 2008 and 2025, with a focus on IoT systems for accident recognition techniques. The review categorizes approaches depending on the sensor used, incorporation frameworks, and recognition techniques. The study examines numerous sensors, such as Global System for Mobile Communications/Global Positioning System (GSM/GPS), accelerometers, vibration, and many other superior sensors. The research shows the constraints and advantages of existing techniques, concentrating on the significance of multi-sensor utilization in enhancing recognition precision and dependability. Findings indicate that, although substantial improvements have been made in the use of IoT-based systems for accident recognition, problems such as substantial implementation costs, weather conditions, and data precision issues persist. Moreover, the research acknowledges deficiencies in standardization, as well as the requirement for strong communication systems to enhance the responsiveness of emergency services. As a result, the study suggests a plan for upcoming developments, concentrating on the incorporation of IoT-enabled infrastructure, sensor fusion approaches, and artificial intelligence. This study improves knowledge by offering an extensive viewpoint on IoT-based accident recognition, providing insights for upcoming research, and suggesting policies to facilitate implementation, eventually enhancing worldwide road safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Accident Prevention and Risk Management for Safe and Sustainable Transportation)

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