Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards, Merits, Bioresources and Bioproducts and Accounting and Auditing.
Impact Factor:
3.3 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.6 (2023)
Latest Articles
Testing a Digital Sustainable Regenerative Teaching Framework in an Architectural Undergraduate Design Studio
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5004; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115004 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2025
Abstract
We are confronted with an urgent imperative to transition from merely minimizing harm to developing sustainable, regenerative, and net-positive solutions that systematically restore ecosystems, achieve decarbonization, and enhance health outcomes. This study presents a phased Digital Sustainable Regenerative Design Studio framework, which was
[...] Read more.
We are confronted with an urgent imperative to transition from merely minimizing harm to developing sustainable, regenerative, and net-positive solutions that systematically restore ecosystems, achieve decarbonization, and enhance health outcomes. This study presents a phased Digital Sustainable Regenerative Design Studio framework, which was implemented in a third-year architecture studio at the Canadian University of Dubai. This methodology incorporates bespoke environmental simulation tools alongside quantitative metrics for climate adaptation, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and health outcomes to inform creative design solutions. The students devised interventions across 20 urban plots in Dubai. A comprehensive analysis, encompassing real-time engagement with computational tools, reflective journals, feedback sessions, project analysis, and surveys, was conducted to assess the framework’s effectiveness in enhancing students’ comprehension of regenerative design and to examine their responses to complex, interdisciplinary challenges. Key findings reveal improved student performance in applying regenerative design principles and the formulation of strategies for climate-adaptive urbanism. The results suggest that this educational framework has the potential to influence and enhance pedagogical approaches, fostering architects committed to advancing sustainable, regenerative, and climate-adaptive urbanism.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessArticle
Development of a Low-Cost Traffic and Air Quality Monitoring Internet of Things (IoT) System for Sustainable Urban and Environmental Management
by
Lorand Bogdanffy, Csaba Romuald Lorinț and Aurelian Nicola
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5003; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115003 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2025
Abstract
In this research, we present the development and validation of a compact, resource-efficient (low-cost, low-energy), distributed, real-time traffic and air quality monitoring system. Deployed since November 2023 in a small town that relies on burning various fuels and waste for winter heating, the
[...] Read more.
In this research, we present the development and validation of a compact, resource-efficient (low-cost, low-energy), distributed, real-time traffic and air quality monitoring system. Deployed since November 2023 in a small town that relies on burning various fuels and waste for winter heating, the system comprises three IoT units that integrate image processing and environmental sensing for sustainable urban and environmental management. Each unit uses an embedded camera and sensors to process live data locally, which are then transmitted to a central database. The image processing algorithm counts vehicles by type with over 95% daylight accuracy, while air quality sensors measure pollutants including particulate matter (PM), equivalent carbon dioxide (eCO ), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). Data analysis revealed fluctuations in pollutant concentrations across monitored areas, correlating with traffic variations and enabling the identification of pollution sources and their relative impacts. Recorded PM10 daily average levels even reached eight times above the safe 24 h limits in winter, when traffic values were low, indicating a strong link to household heating. This work provides a scalable, cost-effective approach to traffic and air quality monitoring, offering actionable insights for urban planning and sustainable development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimising Air Quality and Health Benefits of Transport Decarbonisation)
Open AccessArticle
The Strategic Role of Sustainable Finance in Corporate Reputation: A Signaling Theory Perspective
by
Richard Arhinful, Leviticus Mensah, Halkawt Ismail Mohammed Amin, Hayford Asare Obeng and Bright Akwasi Gyamfi
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5002; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115002 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2025
Abstract
The United Kingdom has long been a frontrunner in green finance, establishing programs like the Green Finance Institute to promote corporate engagement in sustainable initiatives. The Green Finance Strategy, enacted in 2019, aligns UK financial procedures with international standards, including the EU taxonomy
[...] Read more.
The United Kingdom has long been a frontrunner in green finance, establishing programs like the Green Finance Institute to promote corporate engagement in sustainable initiatives. The Green Finance Strategy, enacted in 2019, aligns UK financial procedures with international standards, including the EU taxonomy for sustainable Activities. The study examined how sustainable finance enhances the corporate reputation of the firms listed on the London Stock Exchange. A purposive sampling yielded 17 years of data from 143 non-financial companies from the Thomson Reuters Eikon DataStream between 2007 and 2023. In dealing with the issue of endogeneity and auto-serial correlation, the Generalized Methods of Movement (GMM) was employed to provide reliable and unbiased estimation results. The study revealed a positive impact of green bond issues, environmental expenditures, and policies for emission reduction on corporate reputation. The moderating relationship between green bond issues, environmental expenditures, and board diversity revealed a positive and significant relationship with corporate reputation. Managers should ensure that their endorsed activities gain public recognition and align with sustainability goals, particularly by emphasizing the issuance of green bonds in their financing strategy. They should also collaborate with environmental experts and stakeholders to ensure that the outcomes of funded projects are evaluated in line with international ESG standards.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
Open AccessArticle
Architecture and Sizing of Systems for the Remote Control of Sustainable Energy-Independent Stations for Electric Vehicle Charging Powered by Renewable Energy Sources
by
Jovan Vujasinović, Goran Savić, Ilija Batas Bjelić and Željko Despotović
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5001; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115001 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Air-pollution-related issues, including the rise in carbon dioxide emissions, require, among others, solutions that include using electric vehicles supplied by the energy obtained from renewable sources. These solutions also include the infrastructure for electric vehicle charging. However, the existing systems mostly employ independent
[...] Read more.
Air-pollution-related issues, including the rise in carbon dioxide emissions, require, among others, solutions that include using electric vehicles supplied by the energy obtained from renewable sources. These solutions also include the infrastructure for electric vehicle charging. However, the existing systems mostly employ independent subsystems (such as subsystems for the control of electric vehicle chargers, subsystems for the control of smart battery storage, etc.), leading to hardware redundancy, software complexity, increased hardware costs, and communication link complexity. An architecture of a system for remotely controlling a renewable-energy-source-powered sustainable electric vehicle charging station, which overcomes these deficiencies, is presented in this paper. Consideration is also given to the sizes and combinations of different parts (renewable sources, batteries, chargers, etc.) for various purposes (households, replacing current gas stations, big parking spaces in shopping centers, public garages, etc.). The ability to integrate a wide range of features into one system helps to optimize the use of several subsystems, including the ones that control electric vehicle chargers remotely, smart storage battery remote control, smart electricity meter remote control, and fiscal cash register remote control, creating a sustainable and economically efficient solution. In this manner, consumers of electric vehicles will have easier access to renewable-energy-powered sustainable charging stations. This helps to reduce the amount of air pollution and its harmful effects, including climate change, by promoting the use of electric vehicles that are powered by renewable energy sources. The energy independence and sustainability of the station were considered in such a way that the owner of the station achieves maximum economic benefits.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Transition, Energy Economics, and Environmental Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
How ESG and Digitalization Drive High-Quality Enterprise Development: Evidence from China
by
Zheng Xue, Kaili Li, Qi Ban and Jialing Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4999; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114999 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2025
Abstract
The ESG performance of enterprises is congruent with contemporary development concepts and plays a pivotal role in promoting enterprises to achieve high-quality development. The present study commences with an evaluation of the high-quality development of firms across multiple dimensions. It then undertakes an
[...] Read more.
The ESG performance of enterprises is congruent with contemporary development concepts and plays a pivotal role in promoting enterprises to achieve high-quality development. The present study commences with an evaluation of the high-quality development of firms across multiple dimensions. It then undertakes an empirical investigation into the impact of ESG performance on the high-quality development of firms. This study utilises data from Chinese A-share listed firms from 2010 to 2023. The findings indicate that ESG performance has the capacity to encourage firms to advance towards high-quality development. Digital transformation is identified as a significant factor that positively moderates the facilitating effect of ESG performance on firms. The mechanism of action of ESG performance involves enhancing supply chain stability and alleviating financing constraints. Furthermore, evidence suggests that ESG performance tends to be heterogeneous in its contribution to the high-quality development of enterprises, with more significant facilitating effects for state-owned enterprises and firms in regions with favourable business environments. The present study offers theoretical and practical empirical support for the establishment of an ESG system that is suitable for China’s national conditions and that will promote high-quality firm development.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Water Security in a Water Source Area from the Perspective of Nonpoint Source Pollution
by
Jun Yang, Ruijun Su, Yanbo Wang and Yongzhong Feng
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4998; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114998 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Water security is a basic requirement of a region’s residents and also an important point of discussion worldwide. The middle route of the south-to-north water diversion project (MR-SNWDP) represents the most extensive inter-basin water allocation scheme globally. It is the major water resource
[...] Read more.
Water security is a basic requirement of a region’s residents and also an important point of discussion worldwide. The middle route of the south-to-north water diversion project (MR-SNWDP) represents the most extensive inter-basin water allocation scheme globally. It is the major water resource for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, and its security is of great significance. In this study, 28 indicators including society, nature, and economy were selected from the water sources of the MR-SNWDP from 2000 to 2017. According to the Drivers-Pressures-States-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework principle, the entropy weight method was used for weight calculation, and the comprehensive evaluation method was used for evaluating the water security of the water sources of the MR-SNWDP. This study showed that the total loss of nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) in the water source showed a trend of slow growth, except in 2007. Over the past 18 years, the proportion of pollution from three NPSP sources, livestock, and poultry (LP) breeding industry, planting industry, and living sources, were 44.56%, 40.33%, and 15.11%, respectively. The main driving force of water security in all the areas of the water source was the total net income per capita of farmers. The main pressure was the amount of LP breeding and the amount of fertilizer application. The largest impact indicators were NPSP gray water footprint and soil erosion area, and water conservancy investment was the most effective response measure. Overall, the state of the water source safety was relatively stable, showing an overall upward trend, and it had remained at Grade III except for in 2005, 2006, and 2011. The state of water safety in all areas except Shiyan City was relatively stable, where the state of water safety had fluctuated greatly. Based on the assessment findings, implications for policy and decision-making suggestions for sustainable management of the water sources of the MR-SNWDP resources are put forward. Agricultural cultivation in water source areas should reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and accelerate the promotion of agricultural intensification. Water source areas should minimize retail livestock and poultry farming and promote ecological agriculture. The government should increase investment in water conservancy and return farmland to forests and grasslands, and at the same time strengthen the education of farmers’ awareness of environmental protection. The evaluation system of this study combined indicators such as the impact of agricultural nonpoint source pollution on water bodies, which is innovative and provides a reference for the water safety evaluation system.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrosystems Engineering and Water Resource Management)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Sustainable Development and Assessment of Low-Strength/High-Toughness Recycled Plastic Rebars for Structural Elements Under Light Loads
by
Aaroon Joshua Das and Majid Ali
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4997; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114997 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The construction sector faces growing pressure to adopt sustainable alternatives amid the global plastic-waste crisis. This study presents a novel use of mechanically recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) to manufacture full-scale plastic rebars for mortar-free, light-load construction applications. A total of
[...] Read more.
The construction sector faces growing pressure to adopt sustainable alternatives amid the global plastic-waste crisis. This study presents a novel use of mechanically recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) to manufacture full-scale plastic rebars for mortar-free, light-load construction applications. A total of 48 samples, plain and ribbed, across three diameters (12 mm, 19 mm, and 25 mm) were fabricated and tested. Due to the absence of standardized protocols for recycled plastic rebars, tensile testing was conducted in reference to ASTM A615. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the material’s structural features and polymer integrity. XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of HDPE and PP, while SEM revealed ductile fracture in HDPE and brittle failure in PP. The 25 mm ribbed PP rebars demonstrated superior performance, achieving a maximum load capacity of 12.2 ± 0.6 kN, a toughness index of 19.3 ± 1.0, and energy absorption of 101.6 ± 5.0 N-m × 10. These results affirm their suitability for lightweight structural components such as boundary walls, partition panels, and mortar-free interlocking systems. Unlike prior studies that confined recycled plastics to filler roles in composites, this work validates their direct application as full-section, load-bearing members. Additionally, a polynomial-based empirical model was formulated to predict the tensile behavior of the recycled rebars. The findings underscore the potential of mechanical extrusion as a low-emission, scalable solution to convert plastic waste into durable construction materials that support circular economic principles.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Firm Markups and Business Sustainability: The Moderating Effect of Irreversible Investment and Innovation
by
Xingqun Xue, Xinyu Zhou, Xiaofeng Zhang and Xinying Yang
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4996; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114996 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Incorporating economic policy uncertainty into the Melitz and Ottaviano theoretical model, this study systematically examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty on firm markups, contributing to our understanding of how macroeconomic conditions affect business sustainability. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between
[...] Read more.
Incorporating economic policy uncertainty into the Melitz and Ottaviano theoretical model, this study systematically examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty on firm markups, contributing to our understanding of how macroeconomic conditions affect business sustainability. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between economic policy uncertainty and firm markups, with particularly adverse effects observed in labor-intensive industries, smaller firms, and export-driven companies. As investment irreversibility increases, so does the detrimental impact of economic policy uncertainty on business markups. Importantly, it is discovered that innovation efforts can mitigate these negative effects, promoting sustainable business practices under high policy uncertainty. This research extends the mechanism through which EPU affects markups and highlights the critical roles of investment irreversibility and innovation behavior as moderators. By exploring these dynamics, our findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainability by identifying strategies for enhancing corporate resilience and competitiveness amidst economic uncertainties.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Assessing and Evaluating Health and Wellness Tourism Destination Potential Using the 6AsTD Framework: A Case Study of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand
by
Phongchai Jittamai, Sovann Toek, Kritsada Phengarree, Kingkan Kongkanjana and Natdanai Chanlawong
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4995; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114995 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Health and wellness tourism is a rapidly expanding segment of the global tourism industry, driven by increasing consumer awareness of well-being and lifestyle enhancement. As the demand for wellness travel grows, destinations are expected to offer high standards of safety, hygiene, rehabilitation, and
[...] Read more.
Health and wellness tourism is a rapidly expanding segment of the global tourism industry, driven by increasing consumer awareness of well-being and lifestyle enhancement. As the demand for wellness travel grows, destinations are expected to offer high standards of safety, hygiene, rehabilitation, and holistic experiences. This study aims to identify and evaluate the key attributes and determinants for developing health and wellness tourism destinations by applying the 6As Tourism Development framework: Attractions, Accessibility, Amenities, Activities, Available Packages, and Ancillary Services. A multi-criteria decision-making approach, specifically the TOPSIS, was employed to assess destination potential through a case study of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The results indicate that Attractions, Accessibility, and Amenities are the top three priorities for wellness tourists. Sub-criteria such as natural scenery, cultural significance, accessibility for all, safety, and accommodation quality are particularly influential. Three districts in Nakhon Ratchasima were found to exhibit distinct strengths—Pak Chong is best suited for rehabilitative tourism (e.g., aroma and water therapy), aligning with mind and nutrition wellness components; Wang Nam Khiao is ideal for ecotourism and cultural experiences, supporting environmental and nutritional dimensions; while Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima excels in sports tourism, supporting physical and nutritional well-being. The study offers practical insights for policymakers and tourism stakeholders to design sustainable, visitor-centered wellness destinations. The proposed framework supports strategic planning and resource allocation for health-focused tourism development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Sustainable Lifestyle: Balancing Work and Well-Being)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Public Cultural Facilities in Xinjiang
by
Xiao Li and Jiannan Hou
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4994; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114994 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Public cultural facilities are the cornerstone of the construction of the public cultural service system. Exploring the spatial pattern of public cultural service facilities is significant for clarifying regional differences in public cultural services, optimizing the allocation of urban cultural facilities, and promoting
[...] Read more.
Public cultural facilities are the cornerstone of the construction of the public cultural service system. Exploring the spatial pattern of public cultural service facilities is significant for clarifying regional differences in public cultural services, optimizing the allocation of urban cultural facilities, and promoting the equalization of public cultural services. This study constructs a dual-dimensional equalization evaluation system of geographical density and per capita quantity to reveal the spatial mismatch phenomenon of public cultural facilities in Xinjiang. Using methods such as the nearest neighbor index and kernel density analysis, combined with the geodetector, the distribution patterns of public cultural facilities in 14 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang are systematically analyzed. The results show that public cultural facilities in Xinjiang exhibit significant agglomeration characteristics, with museums having the most prominent spatial agglomeration degree (NNI = 0.523) and imbalance degree (S = 0.284). A spatial pattern centered on Urumqi characterized by “dense in the northwest and sparse in the southeast” has formed. There exists a spatial mismatch phenomenon between high-density and low-per capita population and low-density and high-per capita population in terms of geographical density and population distribution. Population size is the key factor in facility distribution, while cultural demand and economic level are the main factors, and fiscal capacity and education level are secondary factors, with transportation conditions being general factors. In this paper, we analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of public cultural facilities in Xinjiang and the influencing factors in order to provide typical cases and practical references for optimizing the allocation of urban cultural facilities and promoting their equalization.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Glacier Retreat and Groundwater Recharge in Central Chile: Analysis to Inform Decision-Making for Sustainable Water Resources Management
by
Verónica Urbina, Roberto Pizarro, Solange Jara, Paulina López, Alfredo Ibáñez, Claudia Sangüesa, Cristóbal Toledo, Madeleine Gullien, Héctor L. Venegas-Quiñones, Francisco Alejo, John E. McCray and Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4993; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114993 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Glaciers worldwide are in retreat, and their meltwater can modulate mountain aquifers. We examined whether mass loss of the Juncal Norte Glacier (central Chile) has affected groundwater storage in the Juncal River basin between 1990 and 2022. Recession-curve modeling of daily streamflow shows
[...] Read more.
Glaciers worldwide are in retreat, and their meltwater can modulate mountain aquifers. We examined whether mass loss of the Juncal Norte Glacier (central Chile) has affected groundwater storage in the Juncal River basin between 1990 and 2022. Recession-curve modeling of daily streamflow shows no statistically significant trend in basin-scale groundwater reserves (τ = 0.06, p > 0.05). In contrast, glacier volume declined significantly (−3.8 hm3/yr, p < 0.05), and precipitation at the nearby Riecillos station fell sharply during the 2008–2017 megadrought (p < 0.05) but exhibited no significant change beforehand. Given the simultaneous decreases in meteoric inputs (rain + snow) and glacier mass, one would expect groundwater storage to decline; its observed stability therefore suggests that enhanced glacier-melt recharge may be temporarily offsetting drier conditions. Isotopic evidence from comparable Andean catchments supports such glacio-groundwater coupling, although time lags of months to years complicate detection with recession models alone. Hence, while our results do not yet demonstrate a direct glacier–groundwater link, they are consistent with the hypothesis that ongoing ice loss is buffering aquifer storage. Longer records and tracer studies are required to verify this mechanism and to inform sustainable water resources planning.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Influence of Creative Tourist Experiences and Engagement on Gen Z’s Environmentally Responsible Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model
by
Wenjun Lu, Pimlapas Pongsakornrungsilp, Sukhuman Klamsaengsai, Kanokkan Ketkaew, Sasawalai Tonsakunthaweeteam and Long Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4992; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114992 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
In the contemporary Chinese tourism market, Generation Z constitutes a key consumer segment whose environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) is crucial to achieving the sustainable development of destinations. Drawing on the self-regulation of attitude theory and the cognitive–affective–conative (CAC) framework, in this research, we
[...] Read more.
In the contemporary Chinese tourism market, Generation Z constitutes a key consumer segment whose environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) is crucial to achieving the sustainable development of destinations. Drawing on the self-regulation of attitude theory and the cognitive–affective–conative (CAC) framework, in this research, we examined the influence of emotional factors on ERB among Generation Z tourists. In particular, we investigated the effect of creative tourism experiences (CTEs) on ERB, with tourist engagement (TE) and place attachment (PAT) serving as mediators. Data from 639 valid online questionnaires were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that CTE and TE significantly impact ERB, while TE and PAT mediate the relationship between CTE and ERB. Moreover, self-efficacy (SE) positively moderates both the direct and indirect effects. Given the limited integration of the self-regulation of attitude theory and the CAC framework in ERB research, these results provide novel insights and valuable recommendations for the sustainable development of creative tourism.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Consumer Behaviour and Sustainable Decision-Making: Bridging the Gap Between Awareness and Action)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Mediating Role of Sustainable Leadership in Green Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Commitment: A Case Study in Turkey
by
Zeynep Hatipoğlu and Gülbeniz Akduman
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4991; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114991 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Today, businesses operate to maintain their assets sustainably and profitably, but they face resource scarcity and environmental problems. In order to overcome this problem, businesses should focus on environmental, social, and economic development while considering the environment. In this context, green human resource
[...] Read more.
Today, businesses operate to maintain their assets sustainably and profitably, but they face resource scarcity and environmental problems. In order to overcome this problem, businesses should focus on environmental, social, and economic development while considering the environment. In this context, green human resource practices and sustainable leadership, which have emerged from green management philosophy, increase the environmental awareness of businesses and support them in protecting resources while also positively affecting many human resource metrics, such as performance and commitment at the business level. In recent years, definitions have been established, and scales have been developed within the scope of green human resource and sustainability leadership research, which has been a subject of interest in the relevant literature. Because studies measuring the effects of green human resource management (HRM) and sustainable leadership at the business level are rare, this work is important as it provides resources for further research. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the effects of green human resource management practices and sustainable leadership on employee commitment. In order to reach a general judgment about a system consisting of a large number of people and find answers to the research questions, the general screening model, which allows for single or relational screenings over the entire system or a group of samples to be taken from it, was selected. The correlational model, a type of quantitative research model, was used to examine the relationships between the variables within the scope of this research. According to the results, the effects of green HRM practices on organizational commitment change significantly through the mediation of sustainable leadership. The findings reveal that, for organizations seeking to foster a sustainable business culture, merely implementing green policies is insufficient; leaders must also embody these practices and motivate their workforce. Such an integrated strategy enhances both ecological sustainability and employee commitment, thereby securing a lasting competitive edge.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Sustainable Biomass Valorization by Solid-State Fermentation with the Mutant Strain Trichoderma viride M5-2 of Forage Legumes to Improve Their Nutritional Composition as Animal Feed
by
Luis Rodrigo Saa, Elaine Cristina Valiño Cabrera, Lourdes Lucila Savón Valdés, Yaneisy García Hernández, Julio César Dustet Mendoza and Maryen Alberto Vazquez
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4990; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114990 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
The valorization of plant biomass is one of the main strategies for sustainable development. However, its use as energy, biofuels, fertilizers, value-added products, or even food is severely affected by the complexity of the plant cell wall. Therefore, the evaluation of fungi with
[...] Read more.
The valorization of plant biomass is one of the main strategies for sustainable development. However, its use as energy, biofuels, fertilizers, value-added products, or even food is severely affected by the complexity of the plant cell wall. Therefore, the evaluation of fungi with high production of lignocellulolytic enzymes capable of efficiently degrading these substrates constitutes a viable, clean, and eco-friendly solution, allowing, for example, an increase in the digestibility and nutritional quality of alternative animal feed sources. For these reasons, the present study evaluated the ability of the mutant strain Trichodema viride M5-2 to improve the nutritional composition of the forage legumes Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens through solid-state fermentation. Endo- and exoglucanase cellulolytic activity was assessed, as well as the effect of fermentation on the fiber’s physical properties and chemical composition. Molecular changes in the structure of plant fiber were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy. Increased production of the cellulolytic complex of the enzymes endoglucanase (3.29 IU/mL) and exoglucanase (0.64 IU/mL) was achieved in M. pruriens. The chemical composition showed an increase in true protein and a decrease in neutral fiber, hemicellulose, and cellulose, with a consequent improvement in nutritional quality. Fiber degradation was evident in the infrared spectrum with a significant decrease in the signals associated with cellulose and, to a lesser extent, with lignin. It can be concluded that the mutant strain T. viride M5-2 produced chemical, physical, and molecular changes in the fibrous and protein fractions of L. purpureus and M. pruriens through SSF, which improved their nutritional value as an alternative feed for animal nutrition. By promoting the use of this fungus, the nutritional quality of this source is increased through an effective and eco-friendly process, which contributes to mitigating the environmental impact of food production, in accordance with sustainability objectives and the need for more responsible agricultural practices.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Waste Management and Biomass Valorization)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Influence of Water Conditions on Heavy Metal Tolerance Mechanisms in Hybrid Poplar (Populus nigra × Populus maximowiczii) in the Light of Sustainable Development Goals
by
Zuzanna Magdziak, Monika Gąsecka, Kinga Drzewiecka, Anna Ilek, Michał Rybak, Jędrzej Proch and Przemysław Niedzielski
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4989; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114989 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Sustainable management of soils degraded by heavy metals is a major environmental challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acclimatization ability of the hybrid Populus nigra L. × Populus maximowiczii under variable soil moisture conditions. In a greenhouse experiment, it
[...] Read more.
Sustainable management of soils degraded by heavy metals is a major environmental challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acclimatization ability of the hybrid Populus nigra L. × Populus maximowiczii under variable soil moisture conditions. In a greenhouse experiment, it was shown that both soil moisture level and the presence of metals significantly affected plant growth and metabolism. The hybrid showed high nickel (Ni) accumulation at low and medium soil moisture content (LMC, MMC) (BCF 4.56 and 4.99), while copper (Cu) accumulation was highest at MMC (BCF 5.53). Nickel translocation to aerial parts increased after exposure (TF up to 0.63), while Cu translocation was limited (TF below 0.94). Increased humidity promoted the biosynthesis of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in roots, with the highest total content recorded in the Cu treatment under high soil moisture content (HMC) (230 μg g−1 FW). In the stems, the highest levels of sum LMWOAs were found under HMC conditions (6764 μg g−1 FW in the control sample), while among the phenolic acids, the highest content of chlorogenic acid (~144 μg g−1 FW) was determined under LMC conditions under Ni stress, which indicates a strong defense response of the plant. The obtained results emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate water conditions in remediation strategies and indicate that the tested poplar hybrid may be a promising tool in improving the quality of degraded soils.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Incentivizing the Transition to Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Case Study on the California Vehicle Rebate Program
by
Edmund Zolnik and Unchitta Kan
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4988; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114988 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) rebate programs incentivize the transition from fossil fuels to alternative fuels. Unfortunately, research on the people who are rebate program recipients is more evident than research on the places where the programs distribute rebates. To that end, this study
[...] Read more.
Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) rebate programs incentivize the transition from fossil fuels to alternative fuels. Unfortunately, research on the people who are rebate program recipients is more evident than research on the places where the programs distribute rebates. To that end, this study retrospectively analyzes rebates in a statewide, AFV rebate program known as the California Vehicle Rebate Program (CVRP), from 2011 to 2022, to explore the statewide distribution of rebates. The specification of novel multilevel models nests rebates within different level of analysis to control for programmatic income eligibility changes for rebate recipients as well as infrastructural, racial, transactional, environmental, and demographic differences between census tracts. The different levels of analysis include spatial attributes of the CVRP as well as temporal attributes of the CVRP to control for implicit heterogeneity in the outcomes of interest. Results suggest the CVRP does not distribute rebates to places where infrastructure is accessible, but the CVRP does distribute rebates to places where pollution is burdensome and people are socioeconomically vulnerable.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Quantum-Inspired Spatio-Temporal Inference Network for Sustainable Car-Sharing Demand Prediction
by
Nihad Brahimi, Huaping Zhang and Zahid Razzaq
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4987; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114987 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Accurate car-sharing demand prediction is a key factor in enhancing the operational efficiency of shared mobility systems. However, mobility data often exhibit temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal interdependencies that pose significant challenges for conventional models. These models typically struggle to capture nonlinear and high-dimensional
[...] Read more.
Accurate car-sharing demand prediction is a key factor in enhancing the operational efficiency of shared mobility systems. However, mobility data often exhibit temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal interdependencies that pose significant challenges for conventional models. These models typically struggle to capture nonlinear and high-dimensional patterns. Existing methods struggle to model entangled relationships across these modalities and lack scalability in dynamic urban environments. This paper presents the Quantum-Inspired Spatio-Temporal Inference Network (QSTIN), an enhanced approach that builds upon our previously proposed Explainable Spatio-Temporal Inference Network (eX-STIN). QSTIN integrates a Quantum-Inspired Neural Network (QINN) into the fusion module, generating complex-valued feature representations. This enables the model to capture intricate, nonlinear dependencies across heterogeneous mobility features. Additionally, Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) is applied at the final prediction stage to optimize output parameters and improve convergence stability. Experimental results indicate that QSTIN consistently outperforms both conventional baseline models and the earlier eX-STIN in predictive accuracy. By enhancing demand prediction, QSTIN supports efficient vehicle allocation and planning, reducing energy use and emissions and promoting sustainable urban mobility from both environmental and economic perspectives.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transportation Systems and Infrastructures Planning, Optimization, and Management)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Use of Magnetite Derived from Acid Mine Drainage in the Stabilization of Foam for Foamed Mortar
by
Richard Thomas Lermen, Matheus Alexandre Pfluck, Thaís Letícia Pilotto, Elen Cristina Faustino Boff Fernandes, Alcindo Neckel, Rodrigo de Almeida Silva and Claudete Gindri Ramos
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4986; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114986 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Foam stabilization plays a critical role in the production of foamed mortar, a material widely applied in civil construction due to its thermal insulation and lightweight structural benefits. This study investigates the use of magnetite derived from acid mine drainage (AMD) as a
[...] Read more.
Foam stabilization plays a critical role in the production of foamed mortar, a material widely applied in civil construction due to its thermal insulation and lightweight structural benefits. This study investigates the use of magnetite derived from acid mine drainage (AMD) as a sustainable foam-stabilizing agent. Magnetite’s magnetic properties enhance foam stability by improving air bubble distribution within the mortar. A total of 30 different mixtures were produced, varying the sand-to-cement ratio, type of cement and magnetite content. The compressive strength and tensile flexural strength of the foamed mortars ranged from 0.62 ± 0.04 MPa to 7.33 ± 0.30 MPa and from 0.44 ± 0.12 MPa to 2.82 ± 0.16 MPa, respectively; porosity ranged from 31.8% ± 1.86 to 75.6% ± 2.2; dry and wet bulk density ranged from 423 ± 23 kg.m−3 to 1576 ± 96 kg.m−3 and from 615 ± 9 kg.m−3 to 1828 ± 122 kg.m−3, respectively; water absorption ranged from 8.9% ± 0.9 to 45.8% ± 10.6; and thermal conductivity ranged from 0.54 ± 0.03 W·m−1·K−1 to 0.17 ± 0.03 W·m−1·K−1. Results demonstrated that increasing magnetite content led to greater foam stability and porosity but decreased mechanical strength and density. The sand-to-cement ratio significantly affected all measured properties, while the type of cement had minimal influence. These findings suggest that AMD-derived magnetite is a promising additive for optimizing the performance of lightweight, sustainable foamed mortars.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Do Different Settings Matter in the Economically Sustainable Tourism Approach? A Comparative Study of Serbia, Kazakhstan, and Hungary
by
Marko D. Petrović, Tamara Gajić, Shakhislam Laiskhanov, Milan M. Radovanović, Željko Anđelković, Emin Atasoy and Dariga M. Khamitova
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4985; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114985 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
This study explores residents’ perceptions of tourism development with a particular emphasis on the economic dimension of sustainability, focusing on how economic benefits, costs, and related factors shape local support in Serbia, Kazakhstan, and Hungary. By analyzing perceived advantages and disadvantages, the study
[...] Read more.
This study explores residents’ perceptions of tourism development with a particular emphasis on the economic dimension of sustainability, focusing on how economic benefits, costs, and related factors shape local support in Serbia, Kazakhstan, and Hungary. By analyzing perceived advantages and disadvantages, the study aims to assess the extent of local support for tourism and the moderating effects of travel frequency and contact with tourists. In parallel, tourist arrival forecasts for 2025–2030 provide context on the anticipated dynamics of tourism growth, with Hungary showing the highest projected increase. Using advanced statistical techniques, including Multi-Group Analysis (MGA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and machine learning methods, key factors driving tourism support were identified. Positive perceptions of economic benefits and cultural identification significantly enhance support for tourism, while perceived costs act as inhibitors. The application of Random Forest and XGBoost (version 1.7.x) models improved predictive accuracy, while K-means clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) clarified relationships among constructs. The findings provide actionable insights for developing sustainable tourism strategies that prioritize economic outcomes and community engagement, particularly in culturally and economically diverse settings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability—2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
BiOBr@PZT Nanocomposite Membranes via Electrospinning-SILAR Technology: A Sustainable Green Material for Photocatalytic Degradation in Coloration-Related Wastewater Remediation
by
Zhengyu Ding, Jun Zhang, Zheyao Xia, Binjie Xin, Jiali Yu and Xiaoyuan Lei
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4984; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114984 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
The textile industry encounters serious environmental challenges from wastewater with persistent organic pollutants, demanding sustainable solutions for remediation. Herein, we report a novel green synthesis of flexible BiOBr@PZT nanocomposite membranes via electrospinning and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) for visible-light-driven photocatalytic
[...] Read more.
The textile industry encounters serious environmental challenges from wastewater with persistent organic pollutants, demanding sustainable solutions for remediation. Herein, we report a novel green synthesis of flexible BiOBr@PZT nanocomposite membranes via electrospinning and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) for visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation. The hierarchical structure integrates leaf-like BiOBr nanosheets with PAN/ZnO/TiO2 (PZT) nanofibers, forming a Z-scheme heterojunction. This enhances the separation of photogenerated carriers while preserving mechanical integrity. SILAR-enabled low temperature deposition ensures eco-friendly fabrication by avoiding toxic precursors and cutting energy use. Optimized BiOBr@PZT-5 shows exceptional photocatalytic performance, achieving 97.6% tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation under visible light in 120 min. It also has strong tensile strength (4.29 MPa) and cycling stability. Mechanistic studies show efficient generation of O2− and OH radicals through synergistic light absorption, charge transfer, and turbulence-enhanced mass diffusion. The material’s flexibility allows reusable turbulent flow applications, overcoming rigid catalyst limitations. Aligning with green chemistry and UN SDGs, this work advances multifunctional photocatalytic systems for scalable, energy-efficient wastewater treatment, offering a paradigm that integrates environmental remediation with industrial adaptability.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Coloration: Green Materials or Techniques for Promising Applications)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Sustainability Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Energies, Minerals, Safety, Sensors, Sustainability
Mining Safety and Sustainability, 2nd Volume
Topic Editors: Longjun Dong, Ming Xia, Yanlin Zhao, Wenxue ChenDeadline: 30 May 2025
Topic in
Applied Sciences, Energies, Materials, Processes, Sustainability
Advances in Sustainable Materials and Products
Topic Editors: Andrzej Pacana, Dominika SiwiecDeadline: 9 June 2025
Topic in
Agriculture, Economies, Sustainability, Agronomy
Novel Studies in Agricultural Economics and Sustainable Farm Management
Topic Editor: Thomas BournarisDeadline: 30 June 2025
Topic in
Buildings, Materials, Recycling, Sustainability
Sustainable Building Materials
Topic Editors: Bingxiang Yuan, Waseim Ragab Azzam, Binbin Yang, Shiyuan HuangDeadline: 15 July 2025

Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Sustainability
Pro-environmental and Sustainable Consumer Behavior
Guest Editor: Daniel MoscoviciDeadline: 29 May 2025
Special Issue in
Sustainability
Sustainable Precision Agriculture: Latest Advances and Prospects
Guest Editors: Elio Romano, Carlo Bisaglia, Andrea Bragaglio, Giampaolo Schillaci, Sabina Iole Giuseppina FaillaDeadline: 30 May 2025
Special Issue in
Sustainability
Feature Papers in Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability—2nd Edition
Guest Editor: Colin Michael HallDeadline: 30 May 2025
Special Issue in
Sustainability
Sustainable Project, Production and Service Operations Management
Guest Editors: Georgios K. Koulinas, Dimitrios E. KoulouriotisDeadline: 30 May 2025
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Sustainability
Local Development Initiatives and Sustainable Employment Policies
Collection Editors: Juan Carlos Rodríguez Cohard, Antonio Vázquez Barquero
Topical Collection in
Sustainability
Sustainable Buildings and Energy Performance
Collection Editors: Tullio De Rubeis, Luca Evangelisti
Topical Collection in
Sustainability
SDGs in the Age of New Industrial Revolutions—Impacts, Trends, and Issues beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic
Collection Editors: Dan-Cristian Dabija, Catalina Soriana Sitnikov, Anca Bandoi, Dana Danciulescu, Cristinel Vasiliu
Topical Collection in
Sustainability
Sustainable Health Tourism
Collection Editors: Mercedes Rodríguez-Fernández, Yvon Bryan, Eva M. Sánchez-Teba