Life

13 pages, 3750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Method for Identifying Regions of Use of a Progressive Power Lens Using an Eye-Tracker: Validation Study

by Clara Benedi-Garcia, Pablo Concepcion-Grande, Eva Chamorro, Jose Miguel Cleva and José Alonso

Life 2024, 14(9), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091178 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2024

Power distribution of progressive power lenses provides usable regions based on power distribution analysis. However, recent studies demonstrated that these regions are not always used for certain tasks as predicted. This work determines the concordance between the actual region of lens use and [...] Read more.

Power distribution of progressive power lenses provides usable regions based on power distribution analysis. However, recent studies demonstrated that these regions are not always used for certain tasks as predicted. This work determines the concordance between the actual region of lens use and compares it with the theoretically located regions. The pupil position of 26 subjects was recorded using an eye-tracking system (Tobii-Pro-Glasses 3) at distance and near-reading tasks while wearing a general use progressive power lens. Subjects were asked to read aloud a text showed on a screen placed at 5.25 m and 37 cm while looking though the central and lateral regions of the lens. The pupil position was projected onto the back surface of the lens to obtain the actual region of use for each fixation. Results showed that the actual region of use matched with the theoretically located. On average, the concordance between the actual and theoretical regions of use was 85% for a distance-reading task and 73% for a near-reading task. In conclusion, the proposed method effectively located the actual regions of the lens used, revealing how users’ posture affects lens usage. This insight enables the design of more customized progressive lenses based on the areas used during vision-based tasks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Horizons in Vision Science, Optometry and Ocular Surface—2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 1189 KiB

Open AccessReview

Management of Extra-Articular and Intra-Articular Distal Radius Malunion

by Ting-Yu Liu and Chen-Yuan Yang

Life 2024, 14(9), 1177; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091177 (registering DOI) - 19 Sep 2024

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive overview of managing extra-articular and intra-articular distal radius malunions (DRM), discussing the pathoanatomy, clinical, and radiologic evaluation, conservative treatment, and surgical strategies. Corrective osteotomy remains the primary surgical intervention for symptomatic DRM. Surgical planning should consider factors such [...] Read more.

This article presents a comprehensive overview of managing extra-articular and intra-articular distal radius malunions (DRM), discussing the pathoanatomy, clinical, and radiologic evaluation, conservative treatment, and surgical strategies. Corrective osteotomy remains the primary surgical intervention for symptomatic DRM. Surgical planning should consider factors such as timing, approach, correction technique, implant, graft, and associated injuries. The correction of extra-articular malunion necessitates brachioradialis tenotomy, circumferential periosteum release, and intrafocal elevation with grafting to facilitate distal radius realignment following osteotomy. Computer-assisted planning with 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) could help execute extra-articular osteotomy with high precision. As for the management of intra-articular malunion, it may require wrist arthrotomy, arthroscopy, or PSI assistance for precise articular osteotomy and reduction of the joint surface. This review highlights the importance of early intervention, thorough preoperative planning, and appropriate surgical techniques to optimize outcomes and minimize complications. Future research should focus on large-scale randomized controlled trials to compare different surgical methods, particularly for intra-articular DRM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Strategies in Fracture Treatments)

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16 pages, 3712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Hemolytic and Cytotoxic Effects of Traditional Mexican Medicinal Plant Extracts on Human Erythrocytes and Cell Cultures

by Joel H. Elizondo-Luevano, Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea, Sandra L. Castillo-Hernández, Eduardo Sánchez-García, Minerva Bautista-Villarreal, Georgia M. González-Meza, Marcela A. Gloria-Garza, Osvelia E. Rodríguez-Luis, Maciej Ireneusz Kluz and Miroslava Kačániová

Life 2024, 14(9), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091176 - 18 Sep 2024

Abstract

Plant extracts of fifteen plants of ethnomedicinal use in Mexico were analyzed to provide scientific knowledge of their medicinal properties through the evaluation of different biological activities such as anti-hemolytic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects in normal cells. Therefore, methanolic extracts were obtained from [...] Read more.

Plant extracts of fifteen plants of ethnomedicinal use in Mexico were analyzed to provide scientific knowledge of their medicinal properties through the evaluation of different biological activities such as anti-hemolytic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects in normal cells. Therefore, methanolic extracts were obtained from each of the plants by the Soxhlet extraction. The hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes was evaluated, as was their potential to protect the erythrocyte membrane against the 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 1,1–diphenyl–2–picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Finally, the toxicity of the extracts in normal cell cultures of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction method. Most of the extracts showed low hemolytic activity and high anti-hemolytic activity as well as high selectivity indices (SI) and antioxidant effects. Extracts of H. inuloides, J. dioica, and J. spicigera induced cell proliferation of the Vero cells. K. daigremontiana, A. adstringens, S. mexicanum, J. spicigera, L. tridentata, and M. tenuiflora extracts showed PBMC cell proliferation. In the present study, it was observed that the evaluated extracts did not present hemolytic activity, and some presented low toxicity when Vero and PBMC cell cultures were exposed. In conclusion, traditionally used plants possess beneficial health properties, and it is hoped that this study will serve as a basis for understanding the biological effects of traditionally used plants and may complement future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants as a Promising Biofactory for Bioactive Compounds: 2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 1089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Patency Rates of Portal Vein/Superior Mesenteric Vein Reconstruction after Pancreatic Resection for Pancreatic Tumors: Single-Center Experience

by Miroslav Tomas, Peter Dubovan, Jana Pavlendova, Ramadan Aziri, Miroslav Jurik, Robert Duchon, Michal Bernadic, Nina Novotna, Jozef Dolnik and Daniel Pindak

Life 2024, 14(9), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091175 - 18 Sep 2024

Abstract

To achieve an R0 resection margin in patients with locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high-volume pancreatic centers standardly incorporate portal vein or superior mesenteric vein resection. However, there is currently no consensus on the optimal reconstructive approach. Postoperative venous thrombosis or stenosis can [...] Read more.

To achieve an R0 resection margin in patients with locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high-volume pancreatic centers standardly incorporate portal vein or superior mesenteric vein resection. However, there is currently no consensus on the optimal reconstructive approach. Postoperative venous thrombosis or stenosis can significantly increase patient morbidity or mortality. The objective of this study was to report the long-term patency rate of portal/superior mesenteric vein reconstruction, as well as to identify potential predictors of postoperative venous thrombosis/stenosis. A single-center retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients undergoing pancreatic resection due to pancreatic tumor. The patency of the vascular reconstruction was assessed by routine surveillance using computed tomographic imaging at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. A total of 297 pancreatic resections were performed with 53 patients undergoing concomitant venous resection. Among these, 26.4% (N = 14) had primary closure, 22.7% (N = 12) underwent an end-to-end anastomosis, and 50.9% (N = 27) received an interposition graft reconstruction. At the 1-year follow up, 90.2% (N = 37) of patients with venous reconstruction had a fully patent vein. The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant perioperative or postoperative factors associated with an increased risk of reconstruction thrombosis. While our study confirms a high long-term patency rate of 90.2% at 1 year, it underscores the necessity for a randomized controlled trial to determine the optimal method of venous reconstruction in pancreatic surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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11 pages, 963 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increased Cardiometabolic Risk in Dynapenic Obesity: Results from the Study of Workers’ Health (ESAT)

by Mariana de Oliveira Carvalho, Alice Pereira Duque, Grazielle Vilas Bôas Huguenin, Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano and Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Júnior

Life 2024, 14(9), 1174; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091174 - 18 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: The coexistence of obesity and low muscle strength—denoted dynapenic obesity (DO)—has been associated with an unhealthy metabolic profile and increased risk for metabolic syndrome. However, there is a lack on studies investigating if DO exhibits higher cardiometabolic risk than non-dynapenic obesity. Objectives: [...] Read more.

Background: The coexistence of obesity and low muscle strength—denoted dynapenic obesity (DO)—has been associated with an unhealthy metabolic profile and increased risk for metabolic syndrome. However, there is a lack on studies investigating if DO exhibits higher cardiometabolic risk than non-dynapenic obesity. Objectives: To assess if individuals with DO exhibit elevated cardiometabolic risk compared to non-dynapenic obesity. Methods: a cross-sectional study that analyzed the data of workers from a quaternary care hospital collected between November 2018 and March 2020. Participants were stratified into the following anthropometrical and peripheral muscle strength profiles: non-obese/non-dynapenic (NOND), non-obese/dynapenic (NOD), obese/non-dynapenic (OND), and obese dynapenic (OD). Cardiovascular risk was evaluated by Atherogenic Index (AI), Plasma Atherogenic Index (PAI), Hypertriglyceridemic Waist (HW), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Atherogenic Dyslipidemia (AD), Castelli Indices I and II, and Framingham Score (FS). Results: the OD group had significantly lower HDL compared to all others (p = 0.009), and despite exhibited lower prevalence of HW compared to OND (p < 0.01), a higher cardiometabolic risk compared to OND profile was observed assessing AI (p = 0.05), Castelli I (p < 0.05) and Castelli II (p < 0.05) scores. Conclusions: in the studied population, individuals with DO exhibit elevated cardiometabolic risk compared to other anthropometrical and peripheral muscle strength profiles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology)

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8 pages, 228 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Glucose-Free Solutions Mediated Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Stress-Related Damages in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Promising Solution

by Anna Basso, Martina Cacciapuoti, Lucia Federica Stefanelli, Federico Nalesso and Lorenzo A. Calò

Life 2024, 14(9), 1173; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091173 - 18 Sep 2024

Abstract

Oxidative stress (OxSt) and inflammation are common in end-stage renal disease and dialysis patients; they are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), OxSt and inflammation are even further increased compared to the already increased oxidative stress of [...] Read more.

Oxidative stress (OxSt) and inflammation are common in end-stage renal disease and dialysis patients; they are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), OxSt and inflammation are even further increased compared to the already increased oxidative stress of their pre-dialysis phase. This is due to the high glucose-based solutions currently used, whose continuous contact with the peritoneal membrane can induce significant long-term morphological and functional changes (mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, thickening, neo-angiogenesis and fibrosis) of the peritoneal membrane. Oxidative stress plays a very important role in these processes, which may compromise the peritoneal dialysis procedure. There is, therefore, the need for more biocompatible dialysis fluids with polymers other than glucose to prevent and treat OxSt and inflammation. The most known and used of such glucose-free and more biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions is icodextrin, which has shown a protective effect from oxidative stress. This has supported the consideration of the use of glucose-free-based peritoneal dialysis fluids in order to reduce oxidative stress and improve peritoneal membrane survival. Studies investigating peritoneal dialysis with the use of osmo-metabolic agents (L-carnitine, xylitol and their combination) in peritoneal fluids replacing glucose-based fluids are, in fact, ongoing. They represent a promising strategy to reduce OxSt, preserve the peritoneal membrane’s integrity and improve patients’ outcome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Progress in Peritoneal Dialysis)

11 pages, 2553 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emergency-Driven Multiple Simultaneous Invasive Procedures in Haemophilia

by Cristina Emilia Ursu, Margit Șerban, Jenel Marian Pătrașcu, Daniel Coriu, Jenel Marian Pătrașcu, Jr., Ioana Ioniță, Adina Trăilă, Ciprian Tomuleasa, Delia Săvescu, Melen Brânză, Codruţ Ivan and Teodora Smaranda Arghirescu

Life 2024, 14(9), 1172; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091172 - 18 Sep 2024

Abstract

Despite the controversies regarding the appropriateness and justification of simultaneous bi- and multi-concomitant surgical procedures, this operative technique is increasingly undertaken for economic reasons. This paper discusses three cases of simultaneous interventions: two involving osteoarticular procedures and one involving a complex approach encompassing [...] Read more.

Despite the controversies regarding the appropriateness and justification of simultaneous bi- and multi-concomitant surgical procedures, this operative technique is increasingly undertaken for economic reasons. This paper discusses three cases of simultaneous interventions: two involving osteoarticular procedures and one involving a complex approach encompassing general and plastic surgery. The indications in emergency-driven cases are mandatory, life-saving, and limb-saving, and not subject to debate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hemophilia)

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12 pages, 505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preserflo MicroShunt versus Trabeculectomy: Efficacy and Surgical Success within a Heterogenous Patient Cohort

by Lynn Anna Barbara Zweifel, Jens Julian Storp, Friederike Elisabeth Vietmeier, Moritz Fabian Danzer, Ralph-Laurent Merté, Nicole Eter and Viktoria Constanze Brücher

Life 2024, 14(9), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091171 - 17 Sep 2024

Abstract

To compare success rates of trabeculectomy (TE) and Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) in heterogenous glaucoma cohorts with regards to different pre- and postoperative therapeutic regimens. Data of 187 glaucoma patients who either received TE (73 eyes) or PMS implantation (114 eyes) between January 2018 [...] Read more.

To compare success rates of trabeculectomy (TE) and Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) in heterogenous glaucoma cohorts with regards to different pre- and postoperative therapeutic regimens. Data of 187 glaucoma patients who either received TE (73 eyes) or PMS implantation (114 eyes) between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Surgical success and failure rates were analyzed within six months of follow-up. Intraocular pressure (IOP) development over the course of follow-up was compared between both groups. Tertiary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number and type of medications, frequency of postoperative complications and revision surgeries. Outcome measures underwent additional assessment based on subgroup categorizations, and failure time hazard ratios were computed. The success rates were comparable between both procedures (TE: 54.1%, PMS: 60.0%; p = 0.17). Both procedures showed significant IOP reduction (p < 0.01); however, overall IOP reduction was greater in the TE group than in the PMS group (TE: Reduction by 12 mmHg (188.9%), PMS: Reduction by 7 mmHg (51.3%); p = 0.01). The number of topical medications decreased significantly in both groups over the course of follow-up (TE: 4 to 0, PMS: 3 to 0; p < 0.01). While the number of complications and revision surgeries were similar in both groups, the time interval until the first revision surgery within the TE group was significantly shorter (TE: 13.5 d, PMS: 163 d; p = 0.01) than within the PMS group. No difference could be detected between TE and PMS with regard to the follow-up regimen. In particular, there was no significant difference in the need for 5-floururacil injections postoperatively (p = 0.29). Less invasive glaucoma surgery with the PMS appeared comparable to the TE within a heterogenous glaucoma cohort with regards to IOP development and freedom from medication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Developments in Eye Diseases)

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12 pages, 957 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Diagnostic Modalities for Helicobacter pylori Infection

by Haider Ghazanfar, Nismat Javed, Raul Reina, Ornela Thartori, Ali Ghazanfar and Harish Patel

Life 2024, 14(9), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091170 - 17 Sep 2024

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a widespread global health issue with a varying prevalence influenced by geography, socioeconomic status, and demographics. In the U.S., the prevalence is lower, though certain groups, such as older adults and immigrants from high-prevalence regions, [...] Read more.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a widespread global health issue with a varying prevalence influenced by geography, socioeconomic status, and demographics. In the U.S., the prevalence is lower, though certain groups, such as older adults and immigrants from high-prevalence regions, show higher rates. The decrease in infection rates in developed countries is due to improved sanitation, antibiotics, and healthcare, whereas developing countries continue to experience high rates due to poor living conditions. H. pylori infection can be asymptomatic or cause symptoms like dyspepsia, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and loss of appetite. Pathophysiologically, H. pylori contribute to conditions such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer through mechanisms including urease production and the release of virulence factors, leading to chronic inflammation and an increased cancer risk. Diagnostic methods for H. pylori have progressed significantly. Non-invasive techniques, such as serological assays, stool antigen tests, and urea breath tests, are practical and sensitive. Invasive methods, including endoscopic biopsy and molecular diagnostics, are more definitive but resource intensive. Recent advancements in diagnostic technology, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), biosensor technology, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), promise improved speed, accuracy, and accessibility. These innovations are expected to enhance the detection and management of H. pylori, potentially reducing the global disease burden. This review aims to discuss these diagnostic modalities with a focus on further advances under investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori)

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9 pages, 2316 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

The RING-Type E3 Ligase BOI Interacts with EXO70E2 and Mediates Its Ubiquitination in Arabidopsis

by Zhaowu Li, Jianzhong Huang, Yue Hu, Xiaojie Zhou, Xiao Tan, Zhangying Wang, Zhiyong Gao and Xiaoqiu Wu

Life 2024, 14(9), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091169 - 17 Sep 2024

Abstract

The exocyst is a hetero-octameric complex that exhibits significant functional diversity in regulating biological processes and defense responses. In plants, the EXO70 proteins are important components of the exocyst complex and are involved in membrane trafficking, biotic and abiotic interactions, as well as [...] Read more.

The exocyst is a hetero-octameric complex that exhibits significant functional diversity in regulating biological processes and defense responses. In plants, the EXO70 proteins are important components of the exocyst complex and are involved in membrane trafficking, biotic and abiotic interactions, as well as cell wall formation. A previous study has indicated that a member of the EXO subfamily, EXO70E2, interacts with RIN4 to mediate plant immunity. In this study, we found that EXO70E2 interacts with the RING-type E3 ligase Botrytis susceptible1 interactor (BOI), and the C-terminal domain of BOI is necessary for its interaction with EXO70E2. Moreover, the protein level of EXO70E2 was degraded and ubiquitinated by BOI in vitro. Collectively, our study reveals a mechanism for regulating the stability of EXO70E2 by a RING-type E3 ligase BOI-mediated ubiquitination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)

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12 pages, 881 KiB

Open AccessReview

From a Cup of Tea to Cardiovascular Care: Vascular Mechanisms of Action

by Marios Sagris, Panayotis K. Vlachakis, Spyridon Simantiris, Panagiotis Theofilis, Maria Gerogianni, Paschalis Karakasis, Konstantinos Tsioufis and Dimitris Tousoulis

Life 2024, 14(9), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091168 - 15 Sep 2024

Abstract

Tea consumption is increasingly recognized for its potential benefits to cardiovascular health. This study reviews the available research, concentrating on the major components of tea and their mechanisms of action in the cardiovascular system. Tea is abundant in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids [...] Read more.

Tea consumption is increasingly recognized for its potential benefits to cardiovascular health. This study reviews the available research, concentrating on the major components of tea and their mechanisms of action in the cardiovascular system. Tea is abundant in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and polysaccharides, which possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby supporting cardiovascular health. They enhance endothelial function, leading to improved vascular relaxation and reduced arterial stiffness, and exhibit antithrombotic effects. Additionally, regular tea consumption is potentially associated with better regulation of blood pressure, improved cholesterol profiles, and effective blood sugar control. It has been suggested that incorporating tea into daily dietary habits could be a practical strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention and management. Despite the promising evidence, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish standardized consumption recommendations and fully understand long-term effects. This review offers a more comprehensive analysis of the current evidence based on endothelium function and identifies the gaps that future research should address. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Vascular Disease)

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9 pages, 620 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Utilization of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Breeding Auliekol Cattle: A Comparative Study

by Altyn Kulpiisova, Kairly Yessengaliyev, Gulsara Kassimova, Ainat Kozhakhmetova, Bakytkanym Kadraliyeva, Abeldinov Rustem, Alma Temirzhanova, Nadezhda Burambayeva, Salbak Chylbak-ool, Elena Pakhomova, Nurzhan Abekeshev, Gulnara Baikadamova, Zhomart Kemeshev, Alexandra Tegza, Arman Issimov and Peter White

Life 2024, 14(9), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091167 - 15 Sep 2024

Abstract

This study evaluates the utilization of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) technology for the conservation and breeding of the Auliekol cattle breed, a primary beef breed in Kazakhstan facing population decline due to the cessation of breeding programs and the incursion of transboundary [...] Read more.

This study evaluates the utilization of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) technology for the conservation and breeding of the Auliekol cattle breed, a primary beef breed in Kazakhstan facing population decline due to the cessation of breeding programs and the incursion of transboundary diseases. We assessed the effect of consecutive ovum pick-up (OPU) procedures on oocyte yield and embryo production in Auliekol and Aberdeen Angus cows. A total of 2232 and 3659 oocytes were aspirated from Auliekol and Aberdeen Angus donors, respectively, with significantly higher yields and embryo production observed in Aberdeen Angus cows. The application of a meiotic block using Butyrolactone I (BLI) and subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols was employed, with embryo development monitored up to the morula/blastocyst stage. Results indicated that Auliekol cows exhibited lower oocyte recovery, cleavage, and blastocyst rates compared to Aberdeen Angus cows, likely due to genetic characteristics. Despite the challenges, IVEP presents a valuable tool for the preservation and future propagation of the Auliekol breed, highlighting the need for further research to enhance reproductive outcomes and conservation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mammalian Gametogenesis, Fertilization and Early Embryogenesis: 2nd Edition)

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4 pages, 158 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Human Diseases

by Seung-Ho Lee

Life 2024, 14(9), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091166 - 14 Sep 2024

Abstract

Natural products have long served as potential sources of therapeutic drugs [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Human Diseases)

15 pages, 2673 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Timing of Tracheostomy in ICU Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Raffaele Merola, Carmine Iacovazzo, Stefania Troise, Annachiara Marra, Antonella Formichella, Giuseppe Servillo and Maria Vargas

Life 2024, 14(9), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091165 - 14 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: The ideal timing for tracheostomy in critically ill patients is still debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether early tracheostomy improves clinical outcomes compared to late tracheostomy or prolonged intubation in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Methods: We conducted a [...] Read more.

Background: The ideal timing for tracheostomy in critically ill patients is still debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether early tracheostomy improves clinical outcomes compared to late tracheostomy or prolonged intubation in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the risk of clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients who underwent early (within 7–10 days of intubation) versus late tracheostomy or prolonged intubation. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to June 2023. The primary outcome evaluated was mortality, while secondary outcomes included the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), ICU length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation. No language restriction was applied. Eligible studies were RCTs comparing early to late tracheostomy or prolonged intubation in critically ill patients that reported on mortality. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs, and evidence certainty was assessed via the GRADE approach. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 19 RCTs, covering 3586 critically ill patients. Early tracheostomy modestly decreased mortality compared to the control (RR −0.1511 [95% CI: −0.2951 to −0.0070], p = 0.0398). It also reduced ICU length of stay (SMD −0.6237 [95% CI: −0.9526 to −0.2948], p = 0.0002) and the duration of mechanical ventilation compared to late tracheostomy (SMD −0.3887 [95% CI: −0.7726 to −0.0048], p = 0.0472). However, early tracheostomy did not significantly reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation compared to prolonged intubation (SMD −0.1192 [95% CI: −0.2986 to 0.0601], p = 0.1927) or affect VAP incidence (RR −0.0986 [95% CI: −0.2272 to 0.0299], p = 0.1327). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) for each outcome indicated that additional trials are needed for conclusive evidence. Conclusions: Early tracheostomy appears to offer some benefits across all considered clinical outcomes when compared to late tracheostomy and prolonged intubation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Otorhinolaryngology)

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17 pages, 657 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intravenous Levosimendan versus Inhalational Milrinone in the Management of Pulmonary Hypertension during Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

by Panagiotis Ftikos, Georgios Gkantinas, Vlasios Karageorgos, Anna Smirli, Nektarios Kogerakis, Evangelos Leontiadis, Konstantinos Petsios, Theofani Antoniou and Kassiani Theodoraki

Life 2024, 14(9), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091164 - 14 Sep 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The perioperative management of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) undergoing cardiac surgery is challenging, mainly due to the potential risk of right ventricular failure (RVF). Levosimendan is a calcium-sensitizing agent that has primarily been used in the treatment of decompensated heart failure. [...] Read more.

Introduction: The perioperative management of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) undergoing cardiac surgery is challenging, mainly due to the potential risk of right ventricular failure (RVF). Levosimendan is a calcium-sensitizing agent that has primarily been used in the treatment of decompensated heart failure. However, recently levosimendan has been shown to be an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and PH associated with left heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential utility of the preemptive administration of levosimendan in cardiac surgical patients with preexisting PH and to compare its effectiveness with milrinone, which represents an already established therapeutic option in the management of PH during cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 adult cardiac surgical patients with PH were randomly assigned to receive either levosimendan intravenously or milrinone via inhalation in a double-blind fashion prior to a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters were recorded and evaluated before and after the administration of the drugs. Results and Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that both levosimendan and milrinone administered before CPB in cardiac surgical patients with PH may offer protective benefits, reducing pulmonary artery pressure and preventing the exacerbation of PH and RVF. Pulmonary vasodilation attributed to levosimendan is of longer duration and greater magnitude compared to pulmonary vasodilation afforded by milrinone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pulmonary Hypertension: From Bench to Bedside: 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 3855 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Hydrogel and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Germination and Establishment of Chenopodium quinoa

by José Luis Soto-Gonzales, José Vulfrano González-Fernández, Diego David Pinzón-Moreno, Eder Clidio Vicuña-Galindo and María Verónica Carranza-Oropeza

Life 2024, 14(9), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091163 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of hydrogel and zinc oxide nanoparticles on quinoa germination and establishment. Various doses of a commercial potassium-based hydrogel (0, 5, 7, and 9 g), each dissolved in one liter of rainwater, were applied. [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of hydrogel and zinc oxide nanoparticles on quinoa germination and establishment. Various doses of a commercial potassium-based hydrogel (0, 5, 7, and 9 g), each dissolved in one liter of rainwater, were applied. Additionally, 1.5 g of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) and pre-crushed nitrogen fertilizer, at a rate of 1.6 kg/ha, were added to the solution to achieve a homogeneous mixture. Following the application of hydrogel in the 10-linear-meter rows corresponding to each treatment area in every block, 25 seeds per linear meter of the “Blanca de Juli” quinoa cultivar were sown with a 4 cm spacing between the seeds. Subsequently, a thin layer of soil, approximately 0.5 cm thick, was used to cover the seeds. Ten seedlings were randomly selected and labeled for subsequent evaluations. The experimental design employed in this research was a completely randomized block design. The collected data underwent an analysis of variance, and the means of all the treatments were compared using Tukey’s test with a 5% probability. Height and diameter evaluations of the plant neck were conducted every 45 days. The doses used in this study (5, 7, and 9 g of hydrogel per liter of water) significantly enhanced seed germination and increased the number of plants per linear meter (from 82.00 to 90.33) compared to the control dose without hydrogel (14.66), which resulted in an average of one plant per linear meter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)

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9 pages, 221 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vacuum Erection Device Plus Once-Daily Tadalafil Improve Clinical Outcomes after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Men Affected by Erectile Dysfunction Associated with Peyronie’s Disease

by Lucio Dell’Atti, Viktoria Slyusar, Piero Ronchi and Chiara Cambise

Life 2024, 14(9), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091162 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the combination of the mechanical effects of penile therapy with vacuum erection devices (VEDs) plus PDE5i, which improve clinical outcomes after extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in men affected by erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with [...] Read more.

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the combination of the mechanical effects of penile therapy with vacuum erection devices (VEDs) plus PDE5i, which improve clinical outcomes after extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in men affected by erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with Peyronie’s disease (PD). Methods: A total of 153 medical records of patients affected by PD in stable stage with ED and treated with ESWT were divided into two groups. Group A (GA) included 72 men treated with ESWT, mechanical stretching with VEDs and PDE5ì (Tadalafil 5 mg), and Group B (GB) included 81 men who received only ESWT plus Tadalafil 5 mg with the same protocol of GA. The patients in both groups were assessed at baseline and follow-up for erectile function, painful erections, penile plaque size, and penile curvature. The results were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after the treatments. Results: Three months after the treatment, GA patients had a reduction in penile curvature degree from a mean ± SD of 33.91 ± 8.34° at baseline to a mean ± SD of 19.46 ± 7.15° after 12 months, whereas pain in an erection or during intercourse was resolved completely in 88.9% of the patients. The mean ± SD IIEF-15 score of patients affected by severe/moderate ED further improved significantly in the GA group (p < 0.001) after 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. There were no permanent adverse sequelae after treatments. Conclusions: The regular use of a VED plus Tadalafil in patients who had undergone ESWT significantly provided more benefit in patients with PD in terms of penile deformity, pain, and erectile function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Peyronie’s Diseases)

21 pages, 550 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Female Infertility Treatment: Protocols and Preliminary Results

by Sofia Chatzianagnosti, Iasonas Dermitzakis, Paschalis Theotokis, Eleni Kousta, George Mastorakos and Maria Eleni Manthou

Life 2024, 14(9), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091161 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Infertility is a global phenomenon that impacts people of both the male and the female sex; it is related to multiple factors affecting an individual’s overall systemic health. Recently, investigators have been using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for female-fertility-related disorders such as [...] Read more.

Infertility is a global phenomenon that impacts people of both the male and the female sex; it is related to multiple factors affecting an individual’s overall systemic health. Recently, investigators have been using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for female-fertility-related disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), endometriosis, preeclampsia, and Asherman syndrome (AS). Studies have shown promising results, indicating that MSCs can enhance ovarian function and restore fertility for affected individuals. Due to their regenerative effects and their participation in several paracrine pathways, MSCs can improve the fertility outcome. However, their beneficial effects are dependent on the methodologies and materials used from isolation to reimplantation. In this review, we provide an overview of the protocols and methods used in applications of MSCs. Moreover, we summarize the findings of published preclinical studies on infertility treatments and discuss the multiple properties of these studies, depending on the isolation source of the MSCs used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Stem Cells to Embryos, Congenital Anomalies and Epidemiology)

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12 pages, 4497 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Patients Referred for Endoscopy—A Single-Center Romanian Study

by Sabrina-Nicoleta Munteanu, Dragoș Huțanu, Ana-Maria Filip, Andreea Raluca Cozac-Szőke, Simona Mocan and Anca Negovan

Life 2024, 14(9), 1160; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091160 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects up to 10% of adults globally, and its complications can mask the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or malignancy. Methods: Our study enrolled 633 endoscopic patients stratified according to T2DM presence (4:1 ratio in favor of the [...] Read more.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects up to 10% of adults globally, and its complications can mask the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or malignancy. Methods: Our study enrolled 633 endoscopic patients stratified according to T2DM presence (4:1 ratio in favor of the control group). Results: T2DM patients referred for endoscopy experienced lower prevalence of epigastric pain and heartburn (OR = 0.637/OR = 0.346, p < 0.05). Often being anemic (OR = 2.23, p < 0.001), they had significantly lower hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and serum iron (p = 0.02), but serum cholesterol was higher in non-diabetics. Ulcers, erosions and mucosal hemorrhages were comparable between groups (p < 0.05), although low-dose aspirin use was more prevalent in diabetics (p = 0.000, OR = 2.34). T2DM was associated with the increased frequency of antro-corporal active gastritis (OR = 1.451/OR 1.501), with smokers presenting a higher frequency of active H. pylori infection (OR = 3.37). T2DM predicted anemia (adjusted OR = 1.70) and the absence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (adjusted OR = 0.37), but not active H. pylori gastritis or premalignant lesions. Conclusion: In an endoscopic population, patients with T2DM had lower hemoglobin and serum iron levels. There was an inverse correlation between T2DM and heartburn. H. pylori gastritis and premalignant lesions occurred more frequently in diabetic patients (predominantly pangastritis) before adjusting for age or associated comorbidities, with smoking increasing the risk for active infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori)

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