2026 March - 129 articles
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate impulsivity in childhood anxiety disorders and to examine its relationship with anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of a total of...
Background: Disorders of the gut–brain interaction (DGBIs) constitute a group of functional conditions widely described in adults; however, some of these have not been included in pediatric Rome criteria, despite the fact that they may manifest...
Background/Objectives: Dental anxiety represents a significant barrier to oral care in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), whose sensory sensitivities and behavioral challenges often complicate clinical management and limit access to t...
Background/Objective: Child health serves as a foundational part of human development. Inequities in access to key health services remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), most notably among children from disadvantaged, racially, or ethnically margin...
Inherited distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare but clinically significant disorder of renal acid–base regulation that frequently presents in infancy or early childhood. Among the genetic causes of autosomal recessive dRTA, mutations i...
Background/Objectives: Mindfulness-based interventions show promise for treating childhood ADHD, yet the mechanisms through which they produce effects remain unclear. This study provides the first direct comparison of treatment mechanisms between a m...
Background: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic inflammatory condition commonly affecting the sacrococcygeal region, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Traditional open surgical approaches are associated with prolonged recovery, hig...
Introduction: In the period from the 1960s to the new millennium, dental care for children in Denmark focused mostly on drilling and filling lesions once they appeared. This often led to repeated operative treatments, not to mention the trauma relate...
Background: Parents of school-age children with neurodevelopmental and conduct difficulties face elevated stress, reduced self-efficacy and relational strain, yet evidence for scalable, school-embedded support remains limited. Drawing on mentalizatio...
Background/Objectives: Disability affects ~15.7 million children and ~67 million adults in the US, yet these individuals are typically under-represented in clinical research. Clinical research has increasingly broadened its focus on health outcomes t...
Background/Objectives: Adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer patients experience a variety of challenges, including higher rates of depressive symptoms (D) than healthy controls. Although various forms of social support (SS) seem to be a protective fac...
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in children and represent one of the main reasons for pediatric consultations. Although generally benign, pediatric RTIs can lead to medical complications and significant socioeconomic burden...
Background: Childhood hypertension is an important predictor of adult cardiovascular disease. Idiopathic erythrocytosis in adolescent males is characterized by elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, which may increase blood viscosity and potentia...
Background/Objectives: To identify and prioritize adolescents’ motivations for alcohol consumption using a participatory qualitative approach. Methods: We conducted a concept mapping study with 39 adolescents aged 15–16 years from a publi...
Introduction: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disorder characterized by an impaired ventilatory response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, particularly during sleep, and frequently associated with autonomic dysfunction. It is c...
Anomalous coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery and coronary–pulmonary fistulas are the major causes of ischemic cardiopathy in children. Both anomalies are characterized by a connection between a higher and a lower pressure chamber caus...
Background/Objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric consequence of trauma, and adolescents may be particularly vulnerable after large-scale disasters. Sleep disturbances and circadian preference may play a role in PTS...
Background: General anesthesia (GA) plays a key role in pediatric dentistry by enabling comprehensive dental treatment in children who cannot be adequately managed using conventional behavioral techniques, local anesthesia, or sedation. While previou...
Background/Objectives: Although the benefits of breastfeeding on the development and health of the infant are well known, the relationship between breastfeeding, oral health and attachment style or emotional bonding is not fully known. This research...
Background/Objectives: Sleep problems and physical activity are key lifestyle behaviors associated with children’s socioemotional development. However, their relative contribution to emotional regulation and emotional instability during middle...
Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by reorganization of attachment relationships, heightened emotional reactivity, and ongoing maturation of reflective and regulatory capacities. Within this context, mentalization and e...
Background/Objectives: Developmental language disorder (DLD) has widespread and persistent consequences for children’s development, extending beyond language. Quality of life (QoL) can also be affected, potentially related to difficulties with...
Background: Cavity disinfection is commonly performed in pediatric restorative dentistry to reduce residual bacterial contamination. Although boric acid has been proposed as a potential antimicrobial agent, its effect on marginal integrity and adhesi...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) constitutes a chronic metabolic disorder attributed to the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells, which most frequently occurs in childhood. Long-term complications of T1D are expected to occur main...
Background/Objectives: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often develop altered muscle architecture and calf muscle contractures. Orthotic immobilization aims to provide prolonged stretch to lengthen the muscle belly and muscle–tendon unit (MTU)...
Background: Decades of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pediatric anxiety, but exclusion criteria may limit generalizability to routine settings. We examined common exclusion criteria in recent CBT RC...
Background: Pulse oximetry is widely used to estimate arterial oxygen saturation, yet accuracy may vary for a number of reasons. Data on children with functionally univentricular circulation are limited. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate...
Background: Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is increasingly recognized in children with dyspeptic complaints; however, its association with symptom severity and histopathological gastritis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship be...
Objectives: To access the effects of febrile seizures from coexisting neurodevelopmental conditions that are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder. We examined whether febrile seizures are independently associated with ASD after consideri...
Background: Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) are widely used for objective hearing threshold estimation in both adults and children. Click and CE-Chirp stimuli differ substantially in cochlear activation and neural synchrony, yet their relative pe...
Background/Objectives: Heart rate variability (HRV) and cerebral autoregulation (CAR) reflect physiologic processes that may influence neurological injury in children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Although abnormalities i...
Background: Closing/closed gastroschisis (CGS) accounts for approximately 6% of gastroschisis cases globally. Currently, no consensus exists regarding: antenatal predictors of CGS types, optimal antenatal management (ultrasound screening frequency, i...
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinic and laboratory features of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children retrospectively. We also aimed to determine the effects of clinical, laboratory and radiological markers on length of hospita...
Background: For decades, the ketogenic diet has been successfully used for the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms through which it affects metabolism are not fully understood, but the hormonal changes that o...
Background: The use of digital media in childhood offers both opportunities and risks. Digital stressors—such as excessive screen time, constant availability, information overload, and social media pressures—affect primary school children...
Introduction: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is commonly treated using percutaneous in situ fixation. After screw fixation, remodelling of the proximal femur can occur; however, the factors influencing this process are poorly understood. Th...
Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder occurring most frequently in adolescence, characterized by a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Emotional dysregulation (ED) refers to a transdiagnostic construct that often drive...
Background: Childhood vaccination remains one of the most effective public health interventions. Despite consistently high national coverage, vaccine hesitancy persists among parents and may undermine herd immunity. The Parent Attitudes about Childho...
Background/Objectives: The development of obesity is not only related to excessive adipose tissue accumulation but also involves complex inter-organ signaling pathways linking skeletal muscle and neuroendocrine systems. The present study aimed to eva...
Background: Posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis causes significant postoperative pain and high opioid requirements. Methadone, with dual μ- and κ-opioid agonism and NMDA antagonism, provides long-acting analgesi...
Background/Objectives: To determine the effects of a subconcussive head injury on adolescent student academic achievement assessed by grade point average (GPA). Methods: The study utilised an experimental (subconcussive head injury, n = 45) and a mat...
Background: Healthy eating habits during childhood and adolescence are essential to support optimal nutritional status and may influence health in adulthood. This study assessed nutritional status and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) among Al...
Background: Dental anxiety remains a prevalent and persistent challenge in pediatric dentistry, significantly affecting children’s cooperation, treatment outcomes, and long-term oral health behaviors. Despite advances in minimally invasive care...
Background: Contemporary models of parental burnout conceptualize it as an interplay between parental demands and insufficient resources. However, research and current models remain sparse in their understanding of these demands and dynamics within t...
Background/Objectives: Transverse maxillary deficiency in growing patients can be treated using rapid maxillary expansion (RME) or slow maxillary expansion (SME) with spring-based appliances, such as the Leaf Expander (LE), but their comparative dent...
Postnatal corticosteroids are frequently administered to extremely preterm infants to support respiratory management, yet their effects on the immature cardiovascular system are complex and underexplored. As the second installment in a series on phys...
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to report first experiences with dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS) technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in children and adolescents. Methods: A case series of 22 children a...
Background: Parents of children with cancer experience significant psychological distress that is associated with poorer health outcomes. A recent review of caregiver interventions illustrated none targeting Latino parents of children with cancer and...
Background/Objectives: Parents of preschool children may adopt dietary practices intended to promote height growth. However, the correlates of such practices in the general population remain unclear. Methods: This web-based cross-sectional study incl...
Background/Objectives: This study examined associations between maternal misperception and information-seeking opportunities, behaviors, and sources among Japanese mothers of preschool children. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted...
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