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Children
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Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders
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Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Neurology & Neurodevelopmental Disorders".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 8152

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mirko Alde

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
Interests: hearing loss; balance disorders; congenital cytomegalovirus infection; otitis media
Dr. Barozzi Stefania

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
Interests: balance disorders; hearing loss; tinnitus; vestibular rehabilitation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a new Special Issue entitled “Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders” in Children, an international peer-reviewed journal on children’s health, indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, and other databases.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 466 million people worldwide (or 6.1% of the global population) suffer from disabling hearing loss. Among these individuals, 34 million are children. Furthermore, the current lack of awareness and experience in the management of children with vestibular dysfunction often leads to a delay in diagnosis and an underestimation of the disease prevalence rate.

In this context, it is crucial to provide new knowledge on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of pediatric ear and vestibular disorders. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Mirko Alde
Dr. Barozzi Stefania
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hearing loss
  • hearing aid
  • cochlear implant
  • vestibular disorders
  • balance disorders
  • otitis media

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 205 KiB  
Article
Paediatric Utilisation of Ophthalmic Antibiotics in the Ear in Aotearoa/New Zealand
by Isabella Mei Yan Cheung, Tary Yin and Akilesh Gokul
Children 2025, 12(5), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050557 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 130
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Some ophthalmic antibiotics are publicly subsidised in New Zealand (NZ) for off-label use in the ear, however, this utilisation has not previously been described. This study compared the utilisation of ophthalmic chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin in the eye and ear, among NZ children. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Some ophthalmic antibiotics are publicly subsidised in New Zealand (NZ) for off-label use in the ear, however, this utilisation has not previously been described. This study compared the utilisation of ophthalmic chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin in the eye and ear, among NZ children. Methods: This study involved clinical record review, and included 11,617 prescriptions of ophthalmic chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin in 2022, for children aged five years or under in Auckland, NZ. Prescriptions of chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin for eye and ear use were compared by: patient age, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation, indication, community or hospital prescribing and number of repeat prescriptions. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared test and multinomial regression. Results: Most ophthalmic ciprofloxacin was used in the ear (84%). In contrast, almost all chloramphenicol was used in the eye (96%). Post-operative use following tympanostomy tube insertion accounted for half of all hospital-prescribed ophthalmic ciprofloxacin used in the ear. Utilisation of chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin in the eye and ear was similar, with more prescriptions for children aged one year and males, and most children received only one prescription. Māori and Pacific children generally received fewer prescriptions. Pacific children were more likely than Māori children to receive hospital-prescribed ophthalmic ciprofloxacin for use in the ear (adjusted OR 6.7, p = 0.025). Conclusions: These findings highlight the utilisation of ophthalmic ciprofloxacin in the ear in NZ children. These findings will inform decision-making in the public funding of medications, policy development in equitable medication access, and more collaborative efforts to improve antimicrobial use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders)
10 pages, 190 KiB  
Article
Endoscopic Myringoplasty for Pediatric Tympanic Membrane Perforations: Is It Worth It?
by Riccardo Nocini, Daniele Monzani, Valerio Arietti, Flavia Bonasera, Luca Bianconi and Luca Sacchetto
Children 2025, 12(3), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12030293 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 556
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The endoscopic repair of the tympanic membrane is an established method for addressing perforations in the tympanic membrane. However, there are limited studies in the literature examining the success rate of this procedure in the pediatric population. Methods: This study [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The endoscopic repair of the tympanic membrane is an established method for addressing perforations in the tympanic membrane. However, there are limited studies in the literature examining the success rate of this procedure in the pediatric population. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from the tertiary referral center at the University Hospital of Verona, Italy. This medical record contains data from 84 type 1 transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasties performed in pediatric patients between November 2014 and February 2022. Seventy-seven pediatric patients aged 4 to 16 years who underwent type 1 transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty (seven of whom underwent bilateral surgery at different time points) were included in the study. Our study did not include more extensive procedures than type 1 endoscopic tympanoplasty. Only patients with tympanic membrane perforation due to simple chronic otitis media, trauma or when no apparent cause was found were included. Chronic otitis with cholesteatoma and other pathologies of the external or middle ear were exclusion criteria. Patients with a follow-up of less than 12 months were excluded from this study. The technique was based on the endoscopic placement of an underlay graft of temporal fascia or tragal cartilage to repair a tympanic membrane perforation. Demographic, clinical, audiologic, and surgical data were collected from each patient. In the study, we considered the reduction of the air-bone gap (ABG) as a functional outcome and the integrity of the reconstruction as an anatomic outcome of success. Results: The primary surgery had a closure rate of 92.9% (78 of 84). All patients underwent audiological evaluation 4–6 months post-surgery, with 84 ears tested. The mean preoperative ABG was 17.13 dB HL, reduced to 9.16 dB HL postoperatively, showing a mean reduction of 7.97 dB HL. No significant complications occurred. Conclusions: Transcanal endoscopic type 1 tympanoplasty should be considered a safe procedure with a high success rate for the repair of tympanic membrane perforations, even in pediatric patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders)
11 pages, 779 KiB  
Article
Audiophonologopedic Telerehabilitation: Advantages and Disadvantages from User Perspectives
by Maria Lauriello, Anna Maria Angelone, Sara Iannotti, Eleonora Nardecchia, Benedetta Scopano, Alessandra Fioretti, Irene Ciancarelli and Alberto Eibenstein
Children 2024, 11(9), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091073 - 31 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1149
Abstract
Introduction: Technological advancements and the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of digital tools for patient care and rehabilitation. This study explores user perspectives on telerehabilitation, comparing it to traditional methods and identifying criteria for determining its suitability for different patients and clinical [...] Read more.
Introduction: Technological advancements and the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of digital tools for patient care and rehabilitation. This study explores user perspectives on telerehabilitation, comparing it to traditional methods and identifying criteria for determining its suitability for different patients and clinical conditions. Methods: This study was carried out during the period of May–September 2021. Questionnaires were administered to 48 users in rehabilitation for audiophonologopedic and neurodevelopmental disorders in three rehabilitation centres in central Italy. Results: The user responses predominantly emphasize the benefits of time saving (68.75%) and cost-efficiency (37.5%), specifically regarding time saving due to travel and expenses incurred to go to where the therapy is carried out. The disadvantages include increased distraction (60.42%) in following the instructions remotely and logistic problems (39.58%). Patients with hearing loss were subjected to a larger number of telerehabilitation sessions, positively rating this alternative method. Patients with speech and language delay and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prefer traditional treatment. Discussion: This study reveals a favourable perception of telerehabilitation as a therapy approach to be regarded as a supplement or temporary option to the irreplaceable face-to-face one. More research, as well as a larger sample sizes, will be useful to increase the significance of the correlations reported in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders)
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13 pages, 1541 KiB  
Article
Pediatric Acute Mastoiditis in Saudi Arabia: Demographic Insights, Clinical Profiles, and Prognostic Factors
by Sarah Alshehri and Khalid A. Alahmari
Children 2024, 11(4), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040402 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1947
Abstract
Acute mastoiditis, a complication of otitis media, poses significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in pediatric populations. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical features, and prognostic factors associated with acute mastoiditis in pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia. Analysis [...] Read more.
Acute mastoiditis, a complication of otitis media, poses significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in pediatric populations. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical features, and prognostic factors associated with acute mastoiditis in pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia. Analysis of a multicenter dataset was conducted to assess demographic variables, symptomatology, disease course, and predictors of acute mastoiditis in pediatric patients. Significant associations were found between demographic variables (age group, gender, nationality) and acute mastoiditis risk. Symptomatology analysis revealed consistent frequencies of otalgia across age groups and genders. Disease course analysis highlighted a mean duration from symptom onset to diagnosis of 14.11 days, with frequent complications like mastoid abscess and meningitis. Predictor identification identified symptoms (otalgia, fever, otorrhea), duration of illness, and complications as significant predictors of disease severity. These findings contribute valuable insights into the epidemiology and clinical management of acute mastoiditis, informing targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders)
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Graphical abstract

14 pages, 448 KiB  
Article
Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children: Etiology, Audiological Characteristics, and Treatment
by Mirko Aldè, Diego Zanetti, Umberto Ambrosetti, Eleonora Monaco, Anna Maria Gasbarre, Lorenzo Pignataro, Giovanna Cantarella and Stefania Barozzi
Children 2024, 11(3), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11030324 - 9 Mar 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3707
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate audiological characteristics and parents’ opinions on hearing device use in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) who attended a tertiary-level audiologic center. The medical charts of 70 children aged 6 to 12 years with [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate audiological characteristics and parents’ opinions on hearing device use in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) who attended a tertiary-level audiologic center. The medical charts of 70 children aged 6 to 12 years with USNHL were reviewed. In 51.4% of cases, the children were diagnosed with USNHL after the age of 2 years. The main causes of USNHL were congenital cytomegalovirus infection (21.4%) and unilateral cochlear nerve hypoplasia (12.9%). The percentage of patients wearing a hearing device was 45.7% (32/70); of these, 28 (87.5%) wore a conventional hearing aid, 2 (6.3%) a CROS device, and 2 (6.3%) a cochlear implant. Regarding the choice to use a hearing device, no significant differences were found between the subcategories of hearing loss degree (p = 0.55) and audiometric configuration (p = 0.54). Most parents of children with mild-to-severe USNHL observed improved attention (90.9%), and reduced fatigue and restlessness (86.4%) using the hearing aid. These children performed significantly better on all audiological tests (speech perception in quiet and in noise conditions, and sound localization) while wearing the hearing aid (p < 0.001). More efforts should be made to raise awareness among professionals and parents about the negative consequences of uncorrected USNHL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Ear and Vestibular Disorders)
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