Applied Sciences, Volume 16, Issue 2

Omnidirectional acoustic sources play a critical role in accurate acoustic measurements, particularly in assessing parameters such as reverberation time and sound insulation. Traditionally, dodecahedral loudspeakers have been the standard for these p...

The geometric precision of ballastless tracks critically determines the performance and safety of high-speed railways. Traditional manual fine adjustment methods remain labor-intensive, iterative, and sensitive to human expertise, making it difficult...

Single-leg squats are commonly used to assess lower-limb strength and alignment; however, their application for evaluating postural control remains underexplored. This study assessed the reliability and agreement of postural control measures within a...

A model of nanoparticles has been designed to partially resemble self-similar ferroelastic star-like domain textures. Numerical computations have been used to find the equilibrium configurations of magnetisation in such systems. As expected from the...

This study systematically verified the applicability and accuracy of the Probability Density Evolution Method (PDEM) in the probabilistic modeling of the dynamic response of anchored rock slopes under random seismic action through large-scale shaking...

Civil defence shelters constitute an essential component of safety systems in emergency situations. The aim of this article is to assess the modernization potential of existing civil defence shelters in Poland, using a representative facility located...

Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in agriculture face challenges in navigating complex environments due to the presence of dynamic obstacles. This causes several practical problems including mission delays, higher energy consumption, and potential safe...

To enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of Zr alloy components in marine engineering, this study investigated the influence of the applied voltage (ranging from 470 to 620 V) on the morphology, structure, and properties of ceramic coatings forme...

In the design of marine structures, structural design remains a critical activity, heavily guided by classification society rules that define dimensions of the structural elements. With the development of increasingly complex structures and the incre...

Fire hazard events for road tunnel has correspondingly increased with battery electric vehicle (BEV) penetration rate rising. Compared with conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), the research on damage degree of road tunnels caused...

Due to the significant nonlinear characteristics of the magnetic bearing, it is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model, and it is susceptible to external disturbances. Traditional control methods struggle to meet the control requiremen...

To address the prediction of fatigue damage for 3D-printed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), this study used 3D-printing technology to fabricate CFRP specimens. Through multi-stage fatigue testing, samples with varying porosity levels were obta...

Background: The shift toward precision orthodontics necessitates population-specific cephalometric databases. Reliance on Eurocentric norms for ethnically diverse populations—particularly underrepresented Middle Eastern groups—represents...

A method for the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in optical fibers by exploiting the third-order nonlinearity under an external electric field is proposed. The analysis begins with the electric polarization vector of the SHG, and the analytical solu...

This study proposes a human-in-the-loop dynamic graph-based planning framework designed to elevate LLM-based Embodied Agents from simple tools to trustworthy collaborative partners. To achieve this, we address the trade-off between the structural rig...

Fibrin clots with strain-hardening characteristics exhibit pronounced material nonlinearity and acoustic dispersion under ultrasound, leading to waveform distortion and shock formation during finite-amplitude wave propagation. However, peak-shock str...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical image analysis. Several neural network (NN) architectures were developed and applied across the last decade, becoming essential for automated diagnosis and clinical applications. AI based on NNs...

The automated localization of the flange interface in LNG tanker loading and unloading imposes stringent requirements for accuracy and illumination robustness. Traditional monocular vision methods are prone to localization failure under extreme illum...

Soil spatial variability is an inherent feature of natural strata, and random field theory provides an effective framework for quantifying it, aiding accurate deformation prediction. This study focuses on the tunnel section between Kepugongyuan and G...

Global chestnut production has grown significantly in recent years, driven by its health benefits and growing interest in sustainable agriculture. Chestnut processing produces a solid residue consisting primarily of the fruit’s outer shell (per...

This study evaluates the agri-environmental performance of the EU-27 Member States using the PROMETHEE multiple-criteria decision analysis method, based on three Eurostat indicators linked to the sustainability pillars: Harmonized Risk Indicator 1 (H...

Reliable models for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks are crucial for mining operations and rock engineering design. Empirical methods, including statistical methods, are often faced with many limitations when generalizing i...

This study aims to address the pronounced stress concentration in roadway-surrounding rock under conditions of multiple thick and hard roof strata at Xiao jihan coal mine, China. The work was carried out on the 13216 working mining face as the engine...

Measuring vital signs can reveal the state of body functioning and help to detect a health problem. In the state-of-the-art, numerous methods and devices are available for measuring vital signs. However, with the advent of artificial intelligence, ne...

Background: The study aimed to examine recovery time between sets (30 s vs. 2 min) during elastic band training for jumping, sprinting, COD, and repeated high-intensity efforts in young padel players. Methods: Twelve highly trained male padel players...

The aim of the presented article is the comparison of external monetary environmental impacts generated by railway and road transport in Slovakia region. The Kralovany–Trstena regional line located in the northern Slovakia was selected. The mon...

This study proposes a functional framework to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of e-learning content creation by systematically integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. While previous research on e-learning has primar...

The crux of information systems is efficient storage and access to useful data by users. This paper is an overview of work that has advanced the use of such systems in recent years, primarily in machine learning, and specifically, deep learning metho...

To support intelligent and sustainable mine engineering, this geotechnics-based study integrates laboratory testing, three-dimensional numerical simulation, and field monitoring to optimize roadway support and improve resource efficiency. This study...

The transition to a circular economy in Taiwan’s building sector is constrained by the lack of standardized, quantitative assessment methods. To address this, this study establishes a novel, localized theoretical framework integrating the Mater...

The aim of this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activation patterns and task-dependent asymmetries across selected badminton movement sequences using wearable electromyography (EMG). Twelve elite male badminton players (18.3 ± 3.3 years...

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sterilization of low-adhesive films with ethylene oxide (EO) or accelerated electrons (radiation sterilization) on their performance in the context of their use to protect forensic traces. It was hypothesize...

The development of large-scale cascade hydropower complexes has improved the navigation conditions of mountainous rivers but creates unique “continuous dam zones,” presenting complex challenges for port site selection due to hydrological...

Earthwork operations constitute a substantial share of infrastructure project costs and are critical to overall project efficiency. However, the construction industry still relies on conventional approaches and there is a lack of integrated fleet man...

In this paper we introduce a systemic approach for predictive and prescriptive maintenance framed within the larger system of systems, as exemplified by a use case in mining. Developments are presented as systematic, while there is a focus on improve...

This paper reports on a fully automatic structured Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) mesh generation method based on a parametric multi-block topology for airfoil configurations. The method parameterizes the control vertices and the control edges, w...

Directional swelling pressure is a critical yet often overlooked factor governing the instability of expansive soil slopes. Most existing studies simplify swelling behavior as a uniform or purely vertical stress, thereby underestimating the distinct...

Background: Gold (Au) complexes have emerged as promising anticancer candidates due to their distinct coordination chemistry and ability to modulate thiol-dependent and redox-regulated cellular pathways, particularly thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). In...

This study evaluates the effectiveness of integrating a Residual Shifting (ResShift)-based deep learning super-resolution (SR) technique with the Robust Dense Feature Matching (RoMa) algorithm for high-precision inter-satellite image registration. Th...

To improve the accuracy of gravimetric liquid hydrogen flow standard devices, the self-weight of the weighing tank must be minimized, because the total mass of the liquid hydrogen contained in the tank is far smaller than the structural mass of the t...

The use of instruments for recording neurophysiological metrics is increasingly prevalent in natural settings, driven by advances in portability, reduced invasiveness, and the advantages these technologies offer for objective assessment of cognitive...

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a major agricultural pest whose control is increasingly constrained by resistance to synthetic acaricides. This study evaluated the long-term field efficacy of three commercial entomopathogeni...

Interim periods between peak and off-peak operations in urban rail transit networks often suffer from mismatched headways across lines, which increases passenger transfer waiting and operating costs. This paper proposes a passenger-oriented timetable...

High-quality code representations are fundamental to code intelligence. Achieving such representations with parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) remains a key challenge. While code pre-trained models (CodePTMs) offer a robust foundation for general...

To address the issues of parameter coupling and high computational demands in existing feed-forward Gaussian splatting methods, we propose Gaussian Patch-level Mixture-of-Experts Splatting (GaPMeS), a lightweight feed-forward 3D Gaussian reconstructi...

Accurate measurement of semantic similarity between geographic terms is a fundamental challenge in geographic information science, directly influencing tasks such as knowledge retrieval, ontology-based reasoning, and semantic search in geographic inf...

Previous research on subway stations has emphasized indexicality, functionality, comfort, aesthetics, etc., while cultural representation has been neglected. Notably, however, cultural representations in subway stations shape the city image and affec...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality that relies on the activation of photosensitizers (PS) by specific wavelengths of light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in localized cytotoxicity with relati...

Dense and complex underground structures impose stringent requirements on shield tunneling. In the close-proximity construction of super-large-diameter shield tunnels, challenges may arise, including adverse impacts on the normal operation of existin...

An accurate in situ stress field is a prerequisite for evaluating the stability of surrounding rock in underground caverns of a pumped-storage power station (PSPS) and ensuring the long-term safe operation of underground powerhouses. However, in situ...