Symmetry, Volume 9, Issue 8

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most used transport protocol to exchange reliable data between network devices. A considerable number of extensions have been implemented into TCP to achieve better performance. In this paper, we will pr...

Abstract: Until the last few decades, maintenance has not been considered of special importance by organisations. Thus, the number of studies that assess maintenance performance in a country is still very small, despite the relevance this area has to...

Schrödinger equations with non-Hermitian, but $\mathcal{PT}$ -symmetric quantum potentials $V\left(x\right)$ found, recently, a new field of applicability in classical optics. The potential acquired there a new physical role of an “anomalous” refraction index...

In this work, by Zadeh’s extension principle, we extend representable uninorms and their fuzzy implications (coimplications) to type-2 fuzzy sets. Emphatically, we investigate in which algebras of fuzzy truth values the extended operations are type-2...

Blockchain has drawn attention as the next-generation financial technology due to its security that suits the informatization era. In particular, it provides security through the authentication of peers that share virtual cash, encryption, and the ge...

Various distributed optimization methods have been developed for consensus optimization problems in multi-agent networks. Most of these methods only use gradient or subgradient information of the objective functions, which suffer from slow convergenc...

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a popular and useful approach applied to examine potential failures in different products, designs, processes, and services. As a vital index, the risk priority number (RPN) can determine the risk prioritie...

Crowdsourcing is an appealing and economic solution to software application testing because of its ability to reach a large international audience. Meanwhile, crowdsourced testing could have brought a lot of bug reports. Thus, in crowdsourced softwar...

A multi-objective bi-matrix game model based on fuzzy goals is established in this paper. It is shown that the equilibrium solution of such a game model problem can be translated into the optimal solution of a multi-objective, non-linear programming...

In this paper, we develop a new linguistic aggregation operator based on the cloud model for solving linguistic group decision-making problem. First, an improved generating cloud method is proposed so as to transform linguistic variables into clouds,...

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are regarded as a promising approach to handle the deluge of mobile data traffic. With the co-channel deployment of small cells, the coverage and capacity of the network will be improved. However, the conventional max...

The classical matrix theory is deficient to express the vagueness of the real life. The fuzzy set theory has been successfully applied to bridge this gap. Much work has already been done on a two-person zero sum matrix game with fuzzy goals. In conti...

The review is devoted to exact solutions with hidden symmetries arising in a multidimensional gravitational model containing scalar fields and antisymmetric forms. These solutions are defined on a manifold of the form M = M₀ x M₁ x . . . x M_n , where...

When a physician carries out the clinical survey of a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms to reach the initial evaluation/diagnosis of BPH, the existing initial evaluation method of BPH based on the international prostate symptom...

A refined single-valued/interval neutrosophic set is very suitable for the expression and application of decision-making problems with both attributes and sub-attributes since it is described by its refined truth, indeterminacy, and falsity degrees....

Project delivery system selection is an essential part of project management. In the process of choosing appropriate transaction model, many factors should be under consideration, such as the capability and experience of proprietors, project implemen...

A smart connected car in conjunction with the Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging topic. The fundamental concept of the smart connected car is connectivity, and such connectivity can be provided by three aspects, such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V),...

Potassium channels are integral membrane proteins that selectively transport K⁺ ions across cell membranes. They function through a pair of gates, which work in tandem to allow the passage of the ions through the channel pore in a coupled system, to...

The investment in and development of mineral resources play an important role in the national economy. A good mining project investment can improve economic efficiency and increase social wealth. Faced with the complexity and uncertainty of a mine’s...

Vertices and symmetries of regular and irregular chiral polyhedra are represented by quaternions with the use of Coxeter graphs. A new technique is introduced to construct the chiral Archimedean solids, the snub cube and snub dodecahedron together wi...

Since surface electromyograghic (sEMG) signals are non-invasive and capable of reflecting humans’ motion intention, they have been widely used for the motion recognition of upper limbs. However, limited research has been conducted for lower limbs, be...

As recent studies have shown a left-eye preference during exploration in Podarcis muralis, which could be strictly related to its territoriality, we tested the same behaviour in a similar species, but one living in different habitats and showing a di...

Hemispheric asymmetries are a major organizational principle in human emotion processing, but their interaction with prefrontal control processes is not well understood. To this end, we determined whether hemispheric differences in response inhibitio...

To compute the minimum distance between a point and a parametric surface, three well-known first-order algorithms have been proposed by Hartmann (1999), Hoschek, et al. (1993) and Hu, et al. (2000) (hereafter, the First-Order method). In this paper,...

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is known as a kind of single-hidden layer feedforward network (SLFN), and has obtained considerable attention within the machine learning community and achieved various real-world applications. It has advantages such as...

As the Internet of Things (IoT) has developed, the emerging sensor network (ESN) that integrates emerging technologies, such as autonomous driving, cyber-physical systems, mobile nodes, and existing sensor networks has been in the limelight. Smart ho...

In the complex environment of the IoT (Internet of Things), the amount of information available is enormous and the number of users also increases at a blistering pace. With a huge number of users, e-commerce marketing strategies in the IoT become ex...

In an earlier paper, we proved that Smarandache’s definition of neutrosophic paraconsistent topology is neither a generalization of Çoker’s intuitionistic fuzzy topology nor a generalization of Smarandache’s neutrosophic topology. Recently, Salama an...

This study attempted to test whether the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and innovative collaborative learning could be more effective than the use of traditional collaborative learning in improving students’ English proficiencies....

Over the past four decades, the prophecy from computer pundits and prognosticators pointed to the looming arrival of the paperless office era. However, forty years later, physical paper documents are still playing a significant role due to the ease o...

The traffic sign recognition system is a support system that can be useful to give notification and warning to drivers. It may be effective for traffic conditions on the current road traffic system. A robust artificial intelligence based traffic sign...

There are many real-life problems that, because of the need to involve a wide domain of knowledge, are beyond a single expert. This is especially true for complex problems. Therefore, it is usually necessary to allocate more than one expert to a deci...

Several species of social bees exhibit population-level lateralization in learning odors and recalling olfactory memories. Honeybees Apis mellifera and Australian social stingless bees Trigona carbonaria and Austroplebeia australis are better able to...

In this paper, we propose new password authenticated key exchange (PAKE) and protected password change (PPC) protocols without any symmetric or public-key cryptosystems. The security of the proposed protocols is based on the computational Diffie-Hell...

A joint-optimization method is proposed for enhancing the behavior of the $l_1$ -norm- and sum-log norm-penalized NLMS algorithms to meet the requirements of sparse adaptive channel estimations. The improved channel estimation algorithms are rea...

In a graph $G=(V,E)$ , a vertex $v\in V$ is said to distinguish two vertices x and y if $d_G(v,x)\ne d_G(v,y)$ . A set $S\subseteq V$ is said to be a local metric generator for G if any pair of adjacent vertices o...

Since the characterization of Gromov hyperbolic graphs seems a too ambitious task, there are many papers studying the hyperbolicity of several classes of graphs. In this paper, it is proven that every Mycielskian graph $G^M$ is hyperbolic and t...

The single-valued neutrosophic set is a subclass of neutrosophic set, and has been proposed in recent years. An important application for single-valued neutrosophic sets is to solve multicriteria decision-making problems. The key to using neutrosophi...

As a typical navigation system, the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is crucial for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) since the SINS accuracy determines the performance of AUVs. Initial alignment is one of the key technologies in SINS,...

In this article, we put forward the multi-objective matrix game model based on fuzzy payoffs. In order to solve the game model, we first discuss the relationship of two fuzzy numbers via the lower limit $-\frac{1}{2}$ of the possibility degree. Then,...

Symmetry is a salient aspect of biological and man-made objects, and has a central role in perceptual organization. Two studies investigate the role of opposition and identicalness in shaping adults’ naïve idea of “symmetry”. In study 1, both verbal...