Cells, Volume 13, Issue 5

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are fine, nanometer-sized membrane connections between distant cells that provide an efficient communication tool for cellular organization. TNTs are thought to play a critical role in cellular behavior, particularly in can...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is manifested by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, hepatocyte death, and systemic inflammation. Obesity induces steatosis and chronic inflammation in the liver. However, the precise mechanism underlying...

The skin is a dynamic organ with a complex immune network critical for maintaining balance and defending against various pathogens. Different types of cells in the skin, such as mast cells (MCs) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), contribute t...

Cannabis use stimulates calorie intake, but epidemiological studies show that people who regularly use it are leaner than those who don’t. Two explanations have been proposed for this paradoxical finding. One posits that Δ⁹-tetrahydrocann...

Briefly (10 min) exposing C2C12 myotubes to low amplitude (1.5 mT) pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) generated a conditioned media (pCM) that was capable of mitigating breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasiveness in vitro, whereas the c...

Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in cons...

Chlorine (Cl₂) exposure poses a significant risk to ocular health, with the cornea being particularly susceptible to its corrosive effects. Antioxidants, known for their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviate oxidative stre...

Despite a long history of research, neurodegenerative diseases and malignant brain tumor gliomas are both considered incurable, facing challenges in the development of treatments. Recent evidence suggests that RNA modifications, previously considered...

NAD⁺ boosting via nicotinamide riboside (NR) confers anti-inflammatory effects. However, its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential remain incompletely defined. Here, we showed that NR increased the expression of CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR...

Non-healing lesions in diabetic foot ulcers are a significant effect of poor angiogenesis. Epigenetic regulators, mainly lncRNA and miRNA, are recognized for their important roles in disease progression. We deciphered the regulation of lncRNA NEAT1 t...

In the human body, the majority of tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway. This consists of several metabolites collectively called the kynurenines and includes, among others, kynurenic acid, L-kynurenine, or quinolinic acid. The we...

Environmental pollution caused by plastic is a present problem. Polystyrene is a widely used packaging material (e.g., Styrofoam) that can be broken down into microplastics through abrasion. Once the plastic is released into the environment, it is di...

Despite tremendous efforts in basic research and a growing number of clinical trials aiming to find effective treatments, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains an incurable disease. One possible reason for the lack of effective causative treatm...

Natural killer (NK) cells have gained attention as a promising adoptive cell therapy platform for their potential to improve cancer treatments. NK cells offer distinct advantages over T-cells, including major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I...

The reabsorption of uric acid (UA) is mainly mediated by urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in the kidneys. Dotinurad inhibits URAT1 but does not inhibit other UA transporters, such as GLUT9, ATP-binding cassette transporte...

Cardiomyocytes rely on proper mitochondrial homeostasis to maintain contractility and achieve optimal cardiac performance. Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitophagy pl...

Proximity-induced pharmacology (PIP) for amyloid-related diseases is a cutting-edge approach to treating conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. By bringing small molecules close to amyloid-related proteins, these molecule...

Tumors are composed of heterogeneous populations of dysregulated cells that grow in specialized niches that support their growth and maintain their properties. Tumor heterogeneity and metastasis are among the major hindrances that exist while treatin...

Dendritic cells (DCs) capture pathogens and process antigens, playing a crucial role in activating naïve T cells, bridging the gap between innate and acquired immunity. However, little is known about DC activation when facing Leishmania parasite...

Up to a third of the world’s population suffers from allergies, yet the effectiveness of available preventative measures remains, at large, poor. Consequently, the development of successful prophylactic strategies for the induction of tolerance...

Skin scarring and fibrosis affect millions of people worldwide, representing a serious clinical problem causing physical and psychological challenges for patients. Stem cell therapy and regenerative surgery represent a new area of treatment focused o...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a cluster of intractable gastrointestinal disorders with an undetermined etiology and a lack of effective therapeutic agents. Amygdalin (Amy) is a glycoside extracted from the seeds of apricot and other Rosa...

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), the leading childhood rheumatic condition, has a chronic course in which persistent disease activity leads to long-term consequences. In the era of biologic therapy and tailored treatment, precise disease activity...

Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Its involvement in cell senescence, apoptosis, and series diseases has been demonstrated. Advances in carc...

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability through its induction of neuronal growth dysfunction through incompletely understood mechanisms. Ribosome biogenesis regulates cell cycle progression through p53 and...

Sepsis, a critical condition marked by systemic inflammation, profoundly impacts both innate and adaptive immunity, often resulting in lymphopenia. This immune alteration can spare regulatory T cells (Tregs) but significantly affects other lymphocyte...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for tissues and regulatory signals for resident cells. ECM requires a careful balance between protein accumulation and degradation for homeostasis. Disruption of this balance can lead to path...

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked recessive inheritance lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the GLA gene leading to a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). Multiple organ systems are implicated in FD...

Lung cancer remains a formidable global health challenge that necessitates inventive strategies to improve its therapeutic outcomes. The conventional treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, have demonstrated limitations in achievi...

Numerous reports have demonstrated the breakdown of the blood–CNS barrier (B-CNS-B) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Re-establishing barrier integrity in the CNS is critical to prevent further motor neu...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, yet its underlying causes remain elusive. The conventional perspective on disease pathogenesis attributes alterations in neuronal excitability to molecular changes resul...

This Editorial is the preface for the topical collection of “Computational Imaging for Biophotonics and Biomedicine”, which collates the 12 contributions listed in Table 1 [...]

The pathologic consequences of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) include elevated inflammation and dysregulated vascular functions associated with thrombosis. In general, disruption of vascular homeostasis and ensuing prothrombotic events are drive...

Dystroglycan is a ubiquitously expressed heterodimeric cell-surface laminin receptor with roles in cell adhesion, signalling, and membrane stabilisation. More recently, the transmembrane β-subunit of dystroglycan has been shown to localise to bo...

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an autoimmune disease affecting large vessels in patients over 50 years old. It is an exemplary model of a classic inflammatory disorder with IL-6 playing the leading role. The main comorbidities that may appear acutely...

CD40 induces pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial and Müller cells and is required for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). CD40 is upregulated in these cells in patients with DR. CD40 upregulation is a central feature of CD40-driv...

Burkholderia spp. are often resistant to antibiotics, and infections with these organisms are difficult to treat. A potential alternative treatment for Burkholderia spp. infections is bacteriophage (phage) therapy; however, it can be difficult to loc...

Parenchyma of pulmonary cancers acquires contractile properties that resemble those of muscles but presents some particularities. These non-muscle contractile tissues could be stimulated either electrically or chemically (KCl). They present the Frank...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial mechanisms that underlie the intricacies of biological systems and disease mechanisms. This review focuses on the latest advancements in the design of heterobifunctional small molecules that hijack...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition that frequently develops before the onset of allergic rhinitis or asthma. More than 10% of children are affected by this serious skin condition, which is painful for the sufferers. Recent resea...

Dendritic cell (DC) migration from peripheral tissues via afferent lymphatic vessels to draining lymph nodes (dLNs) is important for the organism’s immune regulation and immune protection. Several lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-expressed adhe...

The involvement of central and peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated. The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) in...

Background: Coronaviral infection-induced acute lung injury has become a major threat to public health, especially through the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. Apta-1 is a newly discovered Aptamer that has anti-inflammatory effects on systemic septic re...

Increased production of extracellular matrix is a necessary response to tissue damage and stress. In a normal healing process, the increase in extracellular matrix is transient. In some instances; however, the increase in extracellular matrix can per...

Neurotransmission occurs within highly specialized compartments forming the active synapse where the complex organization and dynamics of the interactions are tightly orchestrated both in time and space. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are ce...

Granulomatous Mycosis Fungoides (GMF) is a rare form of mycosis fungoides (MF) characterized by a granulomatous infiltrate associated with the neoplastic lymphoid population and is considered to have a worse prognosis compared with regular MF. The up...

Glypicans (Glps) are a family of heparan sulphate proteoglycans that are attached to the outer plasma membrane leaflet of the producing cell by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Glps are involved in the regulation of many signalling pathways, in...

Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common form and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most symptomatic form of predominant antibody deficiency. Despite differences in the clinical picture, a similar genetic background is suggest...

Islet transplantation is a therapeutic option to replace β-cell mass lost during type 1 or type 3c diabetes. Innate immune responses, particularly the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction and activation of monocytes, play a major role in...

With the increase in the age of laying chickens, the aging of follicles is accelerated, and the reproductive ability is decreased. Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction are indispensable causes of ovarian aging. In this study, the...