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Energies, Volume 18, Issue 11

June-1 2025 - 331 articles

Cover Story: This study investigated the interactions between airstream and liquid injection or droplets in a central staged lean direct injection combustor with a variety of optical diagnostic techniques, including time-resolved particle image velocimetry, time-resolved planar Mie scattering, and a laser particle size analyzer. The results indicate that the lip recirculation zone and the swirl jet zone significantly influence droplet spatial and size distribution, such as spray penetration, cone angle, and droplet size. The effect of the gas Weber number, the spray cone angle, and penetration for both the pilot and main stage are obtained. For the dual-stage swirl atomizer investigated in this study, good atomization can be achieved under low operating conditions, which provides a theoretical foundation and data support for the improvement and design of a low-emission, high-performance atomizer. View this paper
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Articles (331)

  • Article
  • Open Access
567 Views
17 Pages

Station-Aggregator Response Resource Trading Mechanism Considering Energy–Power Coupling of Response Capability

  • Haiqing Gan,
  • Wenjun Ruan,
  • Xiaodong Yuan,
  • Xize Jiao,
  • Mingshen Wang and
  • Yi Pan

5 June 2025

China’s electric vehicle (EV) fleet has reached 30 million, and the effective utilization of their charging and discharging capabilities can provide substantial regulation support to restore supply–demand balance. A prerequisite to achiev...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,843 Views
15 Pages

5 June 2025

This study investigates the relative benefits of solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated with air-source heat pumps for domestic hot water production in newly built residential buildings. Using calibrated DesignBuilder simulations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,619 Views
34 Pages

Energy Poverty in Poland: Drivers, Measurement and National Policy

  • Justyna Przywojska,
  • Aldona Podgórniak-Krzykacz,
  • Magdalena Kalisiak-Mędelska and
  • Izabela Rącka

5 June 2025

The aim of this paper is to diagnose the extent of energy poverty in Poland and identify the instruments used in the public sector at the national level to address this challenge. In the theoretical part of the paper, we will review the literature re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,032 Views
24 Pages

5 June 2025

This study investigates the effect of thermal pretreatment on the grindability and energy efficiency of chalcopyrite ore using a ball mill, employing Box–Behnken design and statistical analysis to optimize key grinding parameters. The research...

  • Article
  • Open Access
973 Views
21 Pages

Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of a Recuperative Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle

  • Shucheng Zhang,
  • Juntao Ke,
  • Min Liu,
  • Pingjian Ming and
  • Guopeng Yu

5 June 2025

To investigate the operational characteristics of the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle and enhance its applicability in practical operating conditions for micro-scale reactors, an experimental platform for a recuperative S-CO2 Brayt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
801 Views
26 Pages

Production and Optimisation of Oxygenated Biofuel Blend Components via the Ethanolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Response Surface Methodology

  • Mohamad A. Nahil,
  • Omar Aboelazayem,
  • Scott Wiseman,
  • Neel Herar,
  • Valerie Dupont,
  • Ali Alazzawi,
  • Alison S. Tomlin and
  • Andrew B. Ross

5 June 2025

In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design (CCD) was implemented to investigate the influence of process variables on ethyl levulinate (EL) production from the ethanolysis of waste corn cob samples, using sul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
536 Views
13 Pages

5 June 2025

To address the stability problem related to grid-connected modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current (MMC HVDC) connected to weak alternative current (AC) systems, the short-circuit ratio (SCR) that affects the stability of the system...

  • Article
  • Open Access
973 Views
14 Pages

A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications

  • Joon-Young Jeon,
  • Minkook Kim,
  • Myungwoo Son,
  • Ju-Hee Kim,
  • Young-Dal Lee and
  • Yong-Hyun Kim

5 June 2025

In response to fire safety risks associated with photovoltaic (PV) systems and evolving rapid shutdown requirements, this paper proposes a cost-effective and reliable rapid shutdown solution integrated directly into the PV module junction box. The sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,119 Views
17 Pages

5 June 2025

Transmission lines in electrical power systems are studied and analyzed to improve the electrical system’s safety, stability, and optimal operation. Past research has proposed various optimization methods to address the problem of active and re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,343 Views
21 Pages

5 June 2025

Carbon dioxide is a major contributor to global warming, with chemical absorption using aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) being the most widespread technology for CO2 capture. However, due to the limitations of MEA, alternative solvents should be examin...

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Energies - ISSN 1996-1073