Current Oncology

19 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonregular Physical Activity and Handgrip Strength as Indicators of Fatigue and Psychological Distress in Cancer Survivors

by Ilaria Pepe, Alessandro Petrelli, Francesco Fischetti, Carla Minoia, Stefania Morsanuto, Livica Talaba, Stefania Cataldi and Gianpiero Greco

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050289 - 21 May 2025

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Abstract

Background: Cancer survivors who do not engage in regular physical activity often experience persistent psychological distress and fatigue, which can significantly impact their quality of life. While handgrip strength (HGS) is recognized as an indicator of overall health and physical resilience, the combined [...] Read more.

Background: Cancer survivors who do not engage in regular physical activity often experience persistent psychological distress and fatigue, which can significantly impact their quality of life. While handgrip strength (HGS) is recognized as an indicator of overall health and physical resilience, the combined role of HGS and physical inactivity in predicting psychological distress and fatigue in this population remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationships between self-reported physical inactivity, HGS, and psychological distress, specifically depressive symptoms, anxiety, and cancer-related fatigue (CRF), in physically inactive cancer survivors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 42 physically inactive cancer survivors (mean age = 63.2 years, SD = 8.96) recruited from the Cancer Institute (IRCCS) in Bari, Italy. Physical inactivity was quantified based on self-reported weekly physical activity minutes, with all participants engaging in less than 150 min per week. The participants underwent HGS assessment and completed validated psychological measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2), and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results: Bivariate correlations were examined via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of psychological distress and fatigue, adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, cancer type, and time since treatment completion. Both lower HGS and greater physical inactivity were significantly correlated with greater depressive symptoms (HGS: ρ = −0.524, p < 0.001; physical inactivity: ρ = −0.662, p < 0.001), greater fatigue severity (HGS: ρ = −0.599, p < 0.001; physical inactivity: ρ = −0.662, p < 0.001), and increased trait anxiety (HGS: ρ = −0.532, p < 0.001; physical inactivity: ρ = −0.701, p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between physical inactivity or HGS and state anxiety (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analyses confirmed that both HGS and physical inactivity independently predicted depressive symptoms (HGS: β = −0.435, p = 0.009; physical inactivity: β = −0.518, p = 0.002), trait anxiety (HGS: β = −0.313, p = 0.038; physical inactivity: β = −0.549, p < 0.001), and fatigue (HGS: β = −0.324, p = 0.033; physical inactivity: β = −0.565, p < 0.001), even after adjusting for covariates. Low physical activity and reduced muscle strength independently predict psychological distress and fatigue in cancer survivors. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential exacerbating role of physical inactivity in both physical and psychological vulnerability, underscoring the need for interventions promoting regular exercise. Integrating strength assessments and structured physical activity programs may be key strategies in survivorship care to improve mental well-being and overall quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

14 pages, 11417 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Desmoid Dilemma: Challenges and Opportunities in Assessing Tumor Burden and Therapeutic Response

by Yu-Cherng Chang, Bryan Nixon, Felipe Souza, Fabiano Nassar Cardoso, Etan Dayan, Erik J. Geiger, Andrew Rosenberg, Gina D’Amato and Ty Subhawong

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050288 - 21 May 2025

Viewed by 57

Abstract

Desmoid tumors are rare, locally invasive soft-tissue tumors with unpredictable clinical behavior. Imaging plays a crucial role in their diagnosis, measurement of disease burden, and assessment of treatment response. However, desmoid tumors’ unique imaging features present challenges to conventional imaging metrics. The heterogeneous [...] Read more.

Desmoid tumors are rare, locally invasive soft-tissue tumors with unpredictable clinical behavior. Imaging plays a crucial role in their diagnosis, measurement of disease burden, and assessment of treatment response. However, desmoid tumors’ unique imaging features present challenges to conventional imaging metrics. The heterogeneous nature of these tumors, with a variable composition (fibrous, myxoid, or cellular), complicates accurate delineation of tumor boundaries and volumetric assessment. Furthermore, desmoid tumors can demonstrate prolonged stability or spontaneous regression, and biologic quiescence is often manifested by collagenization rather than bulk size reduction, making traditional size-based response criteria, such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), suboptimal. To overcome these limitations, advanced imaging techniques offer promising opportunities. Functional and parametric imaging methods, such as diffusion-weighted MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and T2 relaxometry, can provide insights into tumor cellularity and maturation. Radiomics and artificial intelligence approaches may enhance quantitative analysis by extracting and correlating complex imaging features with biological behavior. Moreover, imaging biomarkers could facilitate earlier detection of treatment efficacy or resistance, enabling tailored therapy. By integrating advanced imaging into clinical practice, it may be possible to refine the evaluation of disease burden and treatment response, ultimately improving the management and outcomes of patients with desmoid tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue An In-Depth Review of Desmoid Tumours)

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14 pages, 635 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Cancer Patient Navigation: Lessons from an Evaluation of Navigation Services in Alberta, Canada

by Linda Watson, Se’era May Anstruther, Claire Link, Siwei Qi, Kathryn Burrows, Michelle Lack, Krista Rawson and Andrea DeIure

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050287 - 21 May 2025

Viewed by 80

Abstract

Cancer patient navigation has emerged as a patient-centric intervention enabling equitable cancer care, by mitigating barriers patients encounter throughout their cancer journey. Cancer Care Alberta (CCA) implemented a professional navigation model over a decade ago and commissioned a program evaluation in response to [...] Read more.

Cancer patient navigation has emerged as a patient-centric intervention enabling equitable cancer care, by mitigating barriers patients encounter throughout their cancer journey. Cancer Care Alberta (CCA) implemented a professional navigation model over a decade ago and commissioned a program evaluation in response to evolving operational demands. The objectives were (1) to better understand the current state of CCA’s cancer patient navigation program; (2) to explore the need for other specialized streams; and (3) to provide key recommendations to strengthen and grow the program. A mixed methods approach, including a survey, administrative data, and semi-structured interviews, captured patient-, staff-, and system-level insights. Findings revealed difficulties in identifying complex patients needing navigation, along with inconsistencies regarding intake practices, program awareness, referral pathways, standardized workflows, and a lack of programmatic supports, which contributed to variability in service delivery. A need for enhanced palliative navigation support also emerged. Approximately 25% of surveyed patients reported being unable to access perceived needed support before their first oncology consultation. These findings underscore the importance of early, targeted navigation for equity-deserving populations. Recommendations include harmonizing program structure, refining navigator roles, expanding navigation streams, standardizing processes, and enhancing equity-focused competencies. These findings offer a roadmap with which to improve person-centered cancer care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")

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10 pages, 202 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Tegafur–Uracil Maintenance Therapy in Non-Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: An Exploratory Systematic Review

by Hsu-Lin Lee, Po-Huang Chen, Tzu-Chuan Huang, Ren-Hua Ye, Yueng-Hsiang Chu, Jih-Chin Lee, Hong-Jie Jhou and Jia-Hong Chen

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050286 - 20 May 2025

Viewed by 176

Abstract

Background: Tegafur–uracil (UFT), an oral fluoropyrimidine developed in Asia, has been investigated as a maintenance or adjuvant therapy in various malignancies. Its use in head and neck cancers, however, remains limited to small retrospective studies, primarily from East Asia. Given the need for [...] Read more.

Background: Tegafur–uracil (UFT), an oral fluoropyrimidine developed in Asia, has been investigated as a maintenance or adjuvant therapy in various malignancies. Its use in head and neck cancers, however, remains limited to small retrospective studies, primarily from East Asia. Given the need for cost-effective maintenance strategies in resource-limited settings, we conducted an exploratory systematic review to evaluate the clinical utility of UFT in non-metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception through 1 May 2025 for retrospective cohort studies evaluating UFT after definitive therapy in non-metastatic HNSCC or NPC. Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines. Given the heterogeneity of included studies, we performed a structured narrative synthesis using the SWiM (Synthesis Without Meta-analysis) framework to summarize survival outcomes, treatment settings, and clinical contexts. Results: Seven retrospective studies (four HNSCC, three NPC) involving 508 patients were included. UFT was generally administered at 300–400 mg/day for 6–12 months. Across studies, UFT use was associated with favorable disease-free and overall survival trends in high-risk subgroups, including patients with extranodal extension and persistent EBV DNA. Treatment adherence and toxicity profiles were acceptable. Conclusions: While the evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, this review highlights recurring signals of benefit associated with UFT maintenance therapy in selected high-risk patients. Prospective trials are warranted to confirm these findings and better define a possible role of UFT in maintenance therapy in some advanced non-metastatic HNSCC and NPC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

12 pages, 724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for B-Cell Lymphomas in the Era of Novel Cellular Therapies: Experience from a Tertiary Canadian Center

by Mathias Castonguay, Jean Roy, Jean-Sébastien Claveau, Sylvie Lachance, Jean-Sébastien Delisle, Thomas Kiss, Sandra Cohen, Isabelle Fleury, Luigina Mollica, Imran Ahmad, Nadia Bambace, Léa Bernard, Denis-Claude Roy, Guy Sauvageau and Olivier Veilleux

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050285 - 20 May 2025

Viewed by 143

Abstract

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) is a curative option for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas (BCLs), but its role in the evolving field of cellular therapy is increasingly unclear as recent advances in transplant procedures have improved outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included [...] Read more.

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) is a curative option for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas (BCLs), but its role in the evolving field of cellular therapy is increasingly unclear as recent advances in transplant procedures have improved outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 55 BCL patients (large B-cell lymphoma—LBCL; indolent BCL; and mantle cell lymphoma—MCL) treated with alloHCT from 2015 to 2023 at Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included NRM and GVHD incidence. Results: A total of 55 patients were included (25 LBCLs, 16 indolent BCLs, 14 MCLs), and 76% of LBCLs were of indolent origin (Richter transformation, transformed follicular lymphoma). After a median follow-up of 6.1, 5.8 and 2.4 years for LBCLs, indolent BCLs and MCLs, their 5-year PFS and OS were 57.2% (IC 95%: 34.2–74.7) and 62.8% (IC 95%: 37.9–80.0), 81.2% (IC 95%: 52.5–93.5) and 93.8% (IC 95%: 63.2–99.1), and 39.0% (IC 95%: 14.3–63.3) and 68.1% (IC 95%: 35.4–86.8), respectively. The 5-year NRM was 16.9% (IC 95%: 8.2–28.3) with a relapse incidence of 23.4%. Overall/grade 3–4 acute GVHD occurred in 43.6% and 18.1% of patients. At 3 years, overall/moderate or severe chronic GVHD incidence was 49% and 34.5%. Conclusions: AlloHCT remains a potentially curative option and should be considered for fit patients with chemosensitive FL or LBCLs of indolent origin and a low comorbidity index. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Does the Conditioning Regimen Intensity Still Matter?)

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19 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Co-Creation of a Psychosocial Support Website for Advanced Cancer Patients Obtaining a Long-Term Response to Immunotherapy or Targeted Therapy

by Laura C. Zwanenburg, Marije L. van der Lee, José J. Koldenhof, Janneke van der Stap, Karijn P. M. Suijkerbuijk and Melanie P. J. Schellekens

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050284 - 19 May 2025

Viewed by 209

Abstract

Due to new treatment options, the number of patients living longer with advanced cancer is rapidly growing. While this is promising, many long-term responders (LTRs) face difficulties adapting to life with cancer due to persistent uncertainty, feeling misunderstood, and insufficient tools to navigate [...] Read more.

Due to new treatment options, the number of patients living longer with advanced cancer is rapidly growing. While this is promising, many long-term responders (LTRs) face difficulties adapting to life with cancer due to persistent uncertainty, feeling misunderstood, and insufficient tools to navigate their “new normal”. Using the Person-Based Approach, this study developed and evaluated a website in co-creation with LTRs, healthcare professionals, and service providers, offering evidence-based information and tools for LTRs. We identified the key issues (i.e., living with uncertainty, relationships with close others, mourning losses, and adapting to life with cancer) and established the website’s main goals: acknowledging and normalizing emotions, difficulties, and challenges LTRs face and providing tailored information and practical tools. The prototype was improved through repeated feedback from a user panel (n = 9). In the evaluation phase (n = 43), 68% of participants rated the website’s usability as good or excellent. Interview data indicated that participants experienced recognition through portrait videos and quotes, valued the psycho-education via written text and (animated) videos, and made use of the practical tools (e.g. conversation aid), confirming that the main goals were achieved. Approximately 90% of participants indicated they would recommend the website to other LTRs. The Dutch website—Doorlevenmetkanker (i.e., continuing life with cancer) was officially launched in March 2025 in the Netherlands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

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17 pages, 990 KiB

Open AccessReview

Healthcare Resource Use and Costs of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Complications: A Scoping Review

by Nancy V. Kim, Gemma McErlean, Serena Yu, Ian Kerridge, Matthew Greenwood and Richard De Abreu Lourenco

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050283 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 156

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is an expensive and resource intensive procedure. This study aims to review the literature pertaining to healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs associated with allo-HSCT complications. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. [...] Read more.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is an expensive and resource intensive procedure. This study aims to review the literature pertaining to healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs associated with allo-HSCT complications. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Health Business Elite were searched in addition to the grey literature. Eligibility criteria included studies that reported HRU and/or costs associated with adult (≥18 years) allo-HSCT. Studies were categorized according to complications of allo-HSCT including graft-versus-host disease (acute and chronic GVHD) and infections (fungal, cytomegalovirus, virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis, and acute respiratory tract infection). Commonly reported HRU and cost measures were extracted, including those associated with the direct management of allo-HSCT complications and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Reported costs were standardized to 2022 United States Dollars. Patients who experienced GVHD or infection post-transplant had an overall greater HRU including higher rates of hospitalization, hospital readmission, ICU admission, and longer length of stay compared to those patients who did not. Patients with severe or refractory GVHD and/or infection following allo-HSCT required greater healthcare intervention. This scoping review synthesizes the current literature on HRU and costs associated with post allo-HSCT complications. Patients who experienced post allo-HSCT complications had higher HRU and incurred higher costs overall, noting the variability across studies in their clinical context, reporting of HRU, and cost measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)

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11 pages, 624 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Effects of a Concurrent Mixed-Modality (Telerehabilitation and Face-to-Face) Exercise Rehabilitation Program in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma Prior to Spinal Cord Transplantation: A Case Study

by Juan Carlos Hernández-Sigüenza, Paula Blanco-Gimenez, Luis Baraja-Vegas, Josep López-Soler, Francisco Javier Falaguera-Vera, Eloy Jaenada-Carrilero and Juan Vicente-Mampel

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050282 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 93

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma constitutes approximately 12% of hematologic malignancies and predominantly affects older adults, significantly compromising their quality of life. Although exercise interventions have shown benefits in oncology, evidence specific to MM remains limited and of low certainty. The presence of complex comorbidities [...] Read more.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma constitutes approximately 12% of hematologic malignancies and predominantly affects older adults, significantly compromising their quality of life. Although exercise interventions have shown benefits in oncology, evidence specific to MM remains limited and of low certainty. The presence of complex comorbidities in MM patients necessitates highly individualized approaches. Prehabilitation has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance functional capacity prior to autologous stem cell transplantation. This case study evaluates the feasibility of a personalized, scheduled exercise intervention delivered via telerehabilitation. Intervention: This case study seeks to examine the feasibility of implementing a personalized and scheduled exercise intervention within a telerehabilitation framework for a medically complex patient with multiple myeloma (MM). The 12-week prehabilitation protocol is designed to enhance physical function prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation by integrating therapeutic exercise targeting key parameters related to quality of life and clinical resilience, such as muscular strength, aerobic capacity, coordination, and overall well-being. The intervention includes concurrent training (strength and aerobic exercises) delivered 2–3 times per week, with aerobic activities conducted independently at home through a virtual format. Assessments were performed at baseline and post-intervention. Results and conclusion: A personalized exercise program, implemented through a hybrid model of in-person and telerehabilitation, is both feasible and safe. It has the potential to enhance physical function and quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma. Further research is necessary to validate these findings across broader patient populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hematology)

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14 pages, 606 KiB

Open AccessReview

Approaches to Reduce Toxicity in Pediatric Brain Tumors

by Hallie Coltin, Christina Coleman and Chantel Cacciotti

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050281 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 152

Abstract

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors are highly susceptible to long-term toxicity due to tumor location and also the treatment received. Advancements in treatment techniques, risk-adapted approaches to therapy with adjustments to treatment regimens—including de-escalation when feasible—along with the addition of supportive [...] Read more.

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors are highly susceptible to long-term toxicity due to tumor location and also the treatment received. Advancements in treatment techniques, risk-adapted approaches to therapy with adjustments to treatment regimens—including de-escalation when feasible—along with the addition of supportive therapy and surveillance in these survivors, serve to minimize and manage late effects of therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcomes and New Treatments in Pediatric Brain Tumors)

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23 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessReview

Precision Medicine for Pediatric Glioma and NF1-Associated Tumors: The Role of Small Molecule Inhibitors

by Samuele Renzi, Julie Bennett, Nirav Thacker and Chantel Cacciotti

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050280 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 264

Abstract

Pediatric gliomas encompass the most common brain tumor in children and are subdivided into pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) and pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs). The era of molecular diagnosis has shifted the treatment paradigms and management of these patients. RAS/MAPK pathway alterations serve as [...] Read more.

Pediatric gliomas encompass the most common brain tumor in children and are subdivided into pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) and pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs). The era of molecular diagnosis has shifted the treatment paradigms and management of these patients. RAS/MAPK pathway alterations serve as the driver in the majority of pLGGs, a subset of pHGG and NF1-related plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). The role of small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of these tumors has evolved in the past decade, facilitated through multiple clinical trials and moving into earlier stages of treatment. Although these developments hold promise, questions remain regarding targeted therapy, the long-term toxicities, the duration of treatment and the potential effects on the natural history of the tumor behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcomes and New Treatments in Pediatric Brain Tumors)

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13 pages, 1043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Cancer Care Journey for Indigenous Patients: A Guide for Oncology Nurses

by Jennifer M. Shea, Tina Buckle, Sylvia Doody and Kathy Michelin

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050279 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 220

Abstract

Background: Indigenous peoples nationally have seen a drastic increase in cancer diagnoses, often at later stages and with poorer survival rates than non-Indigenous Canadians. Colonization, assimilation policies, and racism within our healthcare system are contributors to these inequities. Methods: As a team, we [...] Read more.

Background: Indigenous peoples nationally have seen a drastic increase in cancer diagnoses, often at later stages and with poorer survival rates than non-Indigenous Canadians. Colonization, assimilation policies, and racism within our healthcare system are contributors to these inequities. Methods: As a team, we have worked for over a decade to improve the cancer care journey of Indigenous patients in Labrador. We share learnings from a qualitative community-based project with Beneficiaries of the Labrador Inuit land claim agreement through sharing suggested improvements from participants to improve the cancer care journey. Objective: Acknowledging the diversity of Indigenous groups, we discuss suggestions as a guide and expand the discussion to provide interconnected suggestions for oncology nurses on enhancing care for their Indigenous patients. Conclusions: Oncology nurses play a crucial role in enhancing the cancer care journey for Indigenous peoples, necessitating a commitment to culturally safe environments, ongoing professional development, and advocacy for systemic changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")

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11 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions for Enfortumab Vedotin in Urothelial Carcinoma: Highlights from the 10th Annual Leo & Anne Albert Institute for Bladder Cancer Care and Research Symposium

by Catherine C. Fahey, Sean Clark-Garvey, Sima Porten, Ashish M. Kamat, Thomas W. Flaig, John A. Taylor, William Y. Kim and Matthew I. Milowsky

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050278 - 14 May 2025

Viewed by 236

Abstract

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) in combination with pembrolizumab (P) has led to a new paradigm for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Since the presentation of the results of the EV-302 trial at the European Society of Medical Oncology 2023 annual meeting, the [...] Read more.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) in combination with pembrolizumab (P) has led to a new paradigm for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Since the presentation of the results of the EV-302 trial at the European Society of Medical Oncology 2023 annual meeting, the entire treatment landscape for mUC has been upended. At the 2024 Albert Symposium, we reviewed ongoing research investigating predictive biomarkers for EV response and resistance as well as clinical trials exploring the potential role for EV in different clinical disease states including non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Antibody Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Carcinoma)

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4 pages, 171 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

From Algorithms to Insight: The Transformative Power of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Urological Cancer Research

by Matthias May, Sabine Brookman-May and Emily Rinderknecht

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050277 - 14 May 2025

Viewed by 251

Abstract

As we advance into a new era of oncological science, artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a peripheral tool—it is a central agent of change [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

16 pages, 5955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association of OLFM4 with the Progression and Cisplatin Resistance of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma

by Xinlu He, Xi Yao, Keling Pang, Xulin Chen, Zhengbo Wei and Ying Xie

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050276 - 13 May 2025

Viewed by 192

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly prevalent malignant tumor globally with a poor prognosis. Despite continuous advancements in treatment modalities, the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression and chemotherapy resistance remain unclear. In previous studies, cisplatin drug induction was performed [...] Read more.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly prevalent malignant tumor globally with a poor prognosis. Despite continuous advancements in treatment modalities, the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression and chemotherapy resistance remain unclear. In previous studies, cisplatin drug induction was performed on HNSCC patient-derived tumor organoids (HNSCC-PDOs), successfully establishing a cisplatin-resistant organoid model (HNSCC-PDO^cisR). This study conducted RNA sequencing on cisplatin-resistant HNSCC-PDO^cisR and their parental PDOs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the oncoprotein olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) was significantly upregulated in the drug-resistant model. Combined analysis of TCGA and CPTAC databases demonstrated that OLFM4 expression correlates with poor clinical prognosis in HNSCC. In vitro cellular experiments verified that OLFM4 overexpression significantly enhanced HNSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities (p < 0.05), while OLFM4 knockdown inhibited these phenotypes. Additionally, OLFM4 was found to mediate cisplatin resistance by regulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ferrous ions (Fe²⁺), suppressing cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis while maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. This study confirms that OLFM4 enhances tumor cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death, thereby promoting HNSCC progression. These findings suggest OLFM4 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for HNSCC and a potential therapeutic target to reverse cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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14 pages, 762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Registered Dietitians in Cancer Palliative Care: Responsibilities, Challenges, and Interdisciplinary Collaboration—A Cross-Sectional Survey

by Saori Koshimoto, Koji Amano, Naoharu Mori, Atsuko Imai, Manami Sasaki, Miho Miyajima and Takashi Takeuchi

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050275 - 12 May 2025

Viewed by 225

Abstract

Registered dietitians (RDs) in palliative care help maintain patients’ quality of life by providing personalized nutritional support that alleviates eating-related distress. This study aimed to clarify the role of RDs in palliative care by examining their responsibilities and challenges in caring for cancer [...] Read more.

Registered dietitians (RDs) in palliative care help maintain patients’ quality of life by providing personalized nutritional support that alleviates eating-related distress. This study aimed to clarify the role of RDs in palliative care by examining their responsibilities and challenges in caring for cancer patients. A nationwide mailed survey was conducted in 2022, focusing on RDs involved in cancer palliative care. One RD per facility was included from all 501 hospitals accredited by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Multivariate analysis identified factors related to collaboration with palliative care teams and challenges in cancer care. Responses from 325 RDs (63.9%) across 325 hospitals (63.9%) were analyzed. Among RDs who consistently collaborated with the palliative care team (PCT), significant associations (p < 0.05) were found with exclusive engagement in cancer/palliative care, providing nutritional counseling to inpatients, the frequency of ward rounds, and individualized meal provision. Challenges included the following: “I struggled with determining appropriate food choices for patients unable to eat”, and “Metabolic complications like cachexia hindered my ability to provide adequate support”. RDs play a crucial role in providing individualized meals for cancer patients through PCT collaboration and ward rounds. To ensure effective support in challenging situations, RDs must be exclusively engaged in palliative care and receive specialized education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

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12 pages, 1881 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Profiling in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Study on Prevalence and Prognosis

by Mustafa Özgür Arıcı, Bora Demirkan, Ebru Taştekin and Derya Kıvrak Salim

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050274 - 9 May 2025

Viewed by 319

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of molecular profiling in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This single-center study included patients diagnosed and treated between July 2020 and April 2024. The molecular profiles of patients detected by [...] Read more.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of molecular profiling in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This single-center study included patients diagnosed and treated between July 2020 and April 2024. The molecular profiles of patients detected by either next-generation sequencing or conventional methods were reviewed retrospectively. Survival analyses were conducted based on the targetable alterations and treatments received. Seventy patients were included, with a median age of 65 years and a median overall survival (OS) of 13 months. Of all patients, 56 (80%) had at least one molecular alteration, and the most frequent alteration was TP53 (52.9%), followed by KRAS (20%) and EGFR (8.6%). Eighteen patients (25.7%) had an alteration amenable to targeted therapy. Patients who could reach a matched targeted therapy at any treatment line exhibited a longer median OS compared to those who could not (not reached vs. 6.9 months, p = 0.042). Patients with a targetable alteration for first-line treatment demonstrated a longer progression-free survival compared to those without a targetable alteration (not reached vs. 4.9 months, p = 0.006). According to current guidelines, conducting molecular testing to identify all potential targetable alterations in NSCLC is the cornerstone of the treatment decision process. The survival analysis in this study emphasized the impact of the use of targeted therapies on the survival outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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14 pages, 523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns, Survival, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma (DDLPS) in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Administrative Databases in Ontario

by Soo Jin Seung, Anisia Wong, Raymond Milan, Nisha Chandran and Albiruni R. Abdul Razak

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050273 - 9 May 2025

Viewed by 217

Abstract

Background: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a rare, aggressive tumour with poor survival outcomes in advanced settings. This study assessed the incidence/prevalence, treatment patterns, survival, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs for DDLPS patients in Ontario, Canada. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted [...] Read more.

Background: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a rare, aggressive tumour with poor survival outcomes in advanced settings. This study assessed the incidence/prevalence, treatment patterns, survival, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs for DDLPS patients in Ontario, Canada. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among DDLPS patients between 2010 and 2022 using administrative databases. Overall survival, all-cause HCRU, and costs (2023 Canadian dollars, CAD) were compared based on advanced disease and resection status. Results: The overall incidence and cumulative prevalence of DDLPS was 0.465 and 1.995 per 100,000 people, respectively. Of all 611 DDLPS cases (64.3% male, median age [IQR]: 67 [57–76] years), 40.3% and 61.0% had advanced and unresected disease, respectively. The median overall survival (mOS) was 69 months [IQR = 15–151] for the entire cohort, but this was significantly lower for advanced and unresected disease (p < 0.0001). Among patients receiving systemic treatments (N = 117), 81.2% were prescribed doxorubicin as first-line treatment. All-cause healthcare costs (2023 CAD) amounted to CAD 34,448 per person-year (PPY), with inpatient hospitalizations being the highest cost driver at CAD 14,522 PPY and 0.8 inpatient hospitalization PPY for all years. Advanced disease had higher HCRU and costs. Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive real-world evidence study that quantifies the high mortality and cost burden associated with DDLPS in Canada. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost Effectiveness vs. Affordability in the Age of Targeted Drug Therapies)

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10 pages, 1726 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Multileaf Collimator Width and Normal Tissue Objective on Radiation Dose Distribution in Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using HyperArc for Single Brain Lesions

by Se An Oh, Jae Won Park, Ji Woon Yea, Jaehyeon Park and Yoon Young Jo

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050272 - 7 May 2025

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Abstract

This study retrospectively investigated the impact of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) normal tissue objective (NTO) and multileaf collimator (MLC) width on radiation dose distribution in patients with brain metastasis treated using HyperArc. In total, 21 patients who underwent SRS using the HyperArc of the [...] Read more.

This study retrospectively investigated the impact of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) normal tissue objective (NTO) and multileaf collimator (MLC) width on radiation dose distribution in patients with brain metastasis treated using HyperArc. In total, 21 patients who underwent SRS using the HyperArc of the TrueBeam linear accelerator from November 2022 to June 2024 were included. All patients received radiotherapy with HA_SH planned with SRS NTO and HD MLC. HyperArc(HA_AH) combined with the auto NTO and HD MLC and HyperArc(HA_AM) with auto NTO and millennium MLC were generated and compared. Monitor units (MU), conformity index (CI), radical dose homogeneity index (rDHI), moderate DHI (mDHI), and gradient index (GI) were evaluated as target factors, and V₂(Gy), V₁₀(Gy), V₁₂(Gy), V₁₈(Gy), V₁₀(cc), and V₁₂(cc) were evaluated as normal brain factors. Dosimetric comparisons were performed between HA_SH, HA_AH, and HA_AM and between target and normal brain tissues. Between HA_SH and HA_AH, average MU was 7206 and 5798, respectively; the difference was significant (p < 0.001). The MU of HA_AM was 5835. Among HA_SH, HA_AH, and HA_AM, CI and mDHI were not significantly different, but there were significant differences in rDHI, GI, and normal brain tissues. When treating a single lesion using HyperArc, SRS NTO influences MU and GI, and the MLC width influences rDHI and GI. In HyperArc for single metastatic brain lesions, SRS NTO and MLC width have a significant effect on the radiation dose delivered to the target and normal brain tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors)

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10 pages, 1292 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Drug Sensitivity Testing in Osteosarcoma: A Case Report

by Ines Lohse, Giselle Dutcher, Hassan Al-Ali, Warren Alperstein, Donald W. Coulter, Matteo Trucco, Jonathan C. Trent and Claes Wahlestedt

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050271 - 7 May 2025

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Abstract

Precision medicine approaches using ex-vivo drug sensitivity testing (DST) have received attention in the cancer research community as a means to improve treatment stratification in populations where multiple treatment attempts are not feasible, or no standard-of-care treatment exists, such as ultra-rare cancers with [...] Read more.

Precision medicine approaches using ex-vivo drug sensitivity testing (DST) have received attention in the cancer research community as a means to improve treatment stratification in populations where multiple treatment attempts are not feasible, or no standard-of-care treatment exists, such as ultra-rare cancers with a significant clinical need for effective treatment options, like osteosarcoma. DST has the potential to supplement existing patient stratification approaches by providing tumor-specific response data to aid in treatment selection at the time of treatment decision. We present the case of a pediatric osteosarcoma patient who was evaluated using DST at the time of standard-of-care treatment to evaluate treatment sensitivity. The DST screen indicated significant treatment sensitivity to anthracyclines and methotrexate, consistent with the first-line standard-of-care therapy (MAP). Clinical follow-up showed treatment sensitivity to standard-of-care MAP treatment and pathology results of 90% necrosis. The present case shows that DST screening is feasible from a technical standpoint, can be performed in a clinically relevant time frame that does not delay treatment start, and provides personalized drug sensitivity information on clinically available agents, and the DST results align with the clinical treatment response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology)

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7 pages, 3451 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Combination of Osimertinib and Brigatinib in the Treatment of EGFR Triple-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

by Daphnée Demers and Marie Florescu

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050270 - 7 May 2025

Viewed by 152

Abstract

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is widely used in treating patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), especially in cases with secondary resistance mutations. However, tertiary resistance mutations often arise, and there is currently no established [...] Read more.

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is widely used in treating patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), especially in cases with secondary resistance mutations. However, tertiary resistance mutations often arise, and there is currently no established standard of care for NSCLC harboring triple EGFR mutations. In recent years, brigatinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) TKI, has shown effectiveness in treating EGFR triple-mutated NSCLC. Despite this, the combined use of osimertinib and brigatinib remains largely unstudied. This case report describes a 51-year-old woman with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who was initially treated with first- and second-generation EGFR TKIs, then switched to osimertinib upon development of an exon 20 T790M mutation. When an exon 20 C797S mutation emerged, the decision was made to add brigatinib to the osimertinib regimen. The combined treatment of osimertinib and brigatinib offers a promising new approach. Nonetheless, it is important to consider the potential risk of off-target toxicities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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13 pages, 1762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Treatment Patterns, Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in BRCA1/2-Associated Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

by Anna-Maria Parger, Paulina Gebhart, Daniela Muhr, Christian F. Singer and Yen Y. Tan

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050269 - 2 May 2025

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Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) patients with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) often face unique challenges compared to non-carriers. However, the impact of PVs on treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and quality of life (QoL) remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to assess these [...] Read more.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) patients with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) often face unique challenges compared to non-carriers. However, the impact of PVs on treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and quality of life (QoL) remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to assess these factors in these individuals. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Medical University of Vienna Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer between 2011 and 2021. Among 1285 individuals identified, 338 were included (120 BRCA1 PVs, 47 BRCA2 PVs, and 171 non-carriers). Clinical data including treatment patterns and outcomes were collected; QoL was assessed in BRCA1/2 PV carriers using the SF-12 questionnaire. Results: Among 338 BC patients, BRCA1 PV carriers were significantly younger at disease onset and more likely to present with triple-negative BC, with higher Ki-67 (>10%) than BRCA2 or non-carriers. Platinum-based chemotherapy was more frequently administered to BRCA PV carriers for neoadjuvant treatment (OR 7.7, p < 0.001), and therapeutic bilateral mastectomy was more common in BRCA1 carriers (44.7%) compared to BRCA2 (37.8%, p = 0.114) and non-carriers (25.2%, p = 0.003). Epirubicin was the primary agent for adjuvant chemotherapy across all groups compared to other chemotherapeutic agents. QoL assessments revealed significant physical health challenges, particularly among those who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery, while mental health scores remained relatively high. Conclusions: This study highlights the distinct treatment patterns and tumor characteristics associated with BRCA1/2 carriers, including the impact of treatments on quality of life. Nevertheless, our findings ought to be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Larger prospective studies with more complete treatment data, including PARP inhibitor use, and further research on supportive care strategies are needed for this high-risk population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Breast Cancer Genes in Cancers)

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13 pages, 1455 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Survival Outcomes of Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Treated with a Selinexor-Containing Triplet-Based Regimen

by Andrew Whiteley, Stephen C. Ijioma, David Ray, Spencer S. Langerman, Ellen Hu, Amy Pierre, Tomer Mark and Habte Yimer

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050268 - 2 May 2025

Viewed by 468

Abstract

Treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is complex, with several classes of drugs that can be combined into doublet, triplet, or quadruplet regimens. Real-world studies can help to determine the optimal treatment sequences and dosing through observed usage of drugs outside of clinical [...] Read more.

Treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is complex, with several classes of drugs that can be combined into doublet, triplet, or quadruplet regimens. Real-world studies can help to determine the optimal treatment sequences and dosing through observed usage of drugs outside of clinical trials. Previous clinical trials have demonstrated high rates of durable responses in the treatment of patients with triple-class-exposed RRMM with regimens containing selinexor, a first-in-class, orally available selective exportin 1 inhibitor. This study analyzed real-world treatment patterns and survival outcomes using a nationwide electronic health record-derived, deidentified database of patients with RRMM treated with an eligible selinexor-containing, triplet-based regimen, including combinations with dexamethasone and pomalidomide, bortezomib, carfilzomib, or daratumumab. Patients had a real-world overall survival (rwOS) of 14.7 months (95% CI: 10.6, 20.9) and a derived progression-free survival (dPFS) of 4.7 months (95% CI: 3.4, 6.7). Patients with previous exposure to anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the most recent regimen prior to the selinexor treatment had numerically higher survival outcomes (rwOS, 20.9; dPFS, 8.7 months). These data suggest that, in the real-world setting, the use of selinexor triplet regimens is effective in patients with RRMM, especially those with prior exposure to an anti-CD38 mAb in the immediate prior line of therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Progression and Treatment Outcome of Multiple Myeloma)

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28 pages, 12877 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Burdens of Breast Cancer and Projections for 2030 Among Women in Asia: Findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study

by Feng Wang, Sixuan Liu, Jianwei Li, Yuzhen Shi, Zhaohui Geng, Yajie Ji and Jie Zheng

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050267 - 1 May 2025

Viewed by 313

Abstract

Background: Employing the most recent dataset from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, this report sought to delineate the current epidemiologic landscape of breast cancer in Asian women. Methods: We examined the evolving trends in disease prevalence and explored [...] Read more.

Background: Employing the most recent dataset from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, this report sought to delineate the current epidemiologic landscape of breast cancer in Asian women. Methods: We examined the evolving trends in disease prevalence and explored the correlations between breast cancer and factors such as age, temporal periods, and generational cohorts. We utilized an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the incidence and deaths of breast cancer in Asia. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and age-standardized mortality rate showed an overall upward trend for Asian women with breast cancer. In 2021, the high-income Asia Pacific region had the highest ASIR value, while South Asia had the lowest ASIR value. The highest age-standardized mortality rate and ASDR values in 2021 occurred in Southeast Asia, while the lowest values for these metrics were in East Asia. In 2021, breast cancer incidence and DALYs were highest in the 50–54 age group, with deaths peaking in the 55–59 age group. The leading risk factor attributed to breast cancer deaths in Asia in 1990 and 2021 was a “diet high in red meat”. Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are expected to continue to rise in Asia over the next 10 years. Conclusions: The burden of breast cancer in Asian women is increasing, especially in low SDI countries. This study highlighted the differences between populations and regions and predicted the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in Asia over the next decade using an ARIMA model. An increased awareness of breast cancer risk factors and prevention strategies is necessary to reduce breast cancer burden in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Economics)

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25 pages, 1332 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of iCanWork: Theory-Guided Return-to-Work Intervention for Individuals Touched by Cancer

by Christine Maheu, Maureen Parkinson, Kyla Johnson, Wing Lam Tock, Naomi Dolgoy, Simon-Pierre Dupuis and Mina Singh

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050266 - 1 May 2025

Viewed by 306

Abstract

Background: Recent systematic reviews report a limited number of return-to-work (RTW) interventions for individuals touched by cancer (ITBC), with many falling short in effectiveness and lacking an integrated work-health approach. In response, iCanWork—a theoretically informed, multidisciplinary RTW intervention integrating vocational rehabilitation (VR) and [...] Read more.

Background: Recent systematic reviews report a limited number of return-to-work (RTW) interventions for individuals touched by cancer (ITBC), with many falling short in effectiveness and lacking an integrated work-health approach. In response, iCanWork—a theoretically informed, multidisciplinary RTW intervention integrating vocational rehabilitation (VR) and occupational therapy (OT)—was conceptualized and developed to address the gap identified in recent reviews for robust, work-health-focused RTW interventions. Methods: A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary work-related outcomes of the iCanWork intervention among 23 ITBC participants randomized to either the intervention or control group. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment, retention, and engagement benchmarks; acceptability was measured using a participant satisfaction survey. Preliminary work-health-related outcomes included RTW status, work ability index (WAI) scores, and health-related quality of life (QoL) domains. Results: Feasibility benchmarks were achieved, with 92% recruitment, 83% retention, and 100% completing at least one VR session. Adherence to the session delivery benchmarks was met by 75% of participants before RTW and 41.7% after RTW. Participants rated the intervention highly for its tailored and supportive approach. Compared to the control group, the iCanWork group showed modest improvements in RTW status, WAI scores (mean change: +2.54), and QoL domains, including fatigue, social roles, and pain interference. Given the small sample size, these exploratory findings should be interpreted as preliminary signals to inform outcome selection for a future trial. Conclusions: iCanWork is a feasible and acceptable RTW intervention for ITBC with early indications of benefit. These findings inform the design and outcome selection for a future, larger trial aimed at evaluating the intervention’s potential to improve RTW outcomes for ITBC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Management/Patient Activation and Self-Management Support Interventions for Cancer Survivors)

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16 pages, 243 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) in Lymphoma

by Neha Akkad and Christopher R. Flowers

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050265 - 1 May 2025

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Abstract

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often used to evaluate the impact of treatment and clinical decisions on the patient experience for patients with lymphoma. Regulatory agencies have provided guidance on the use of PROMs for patient-focused drug development. Though PROMs are increasingly utilized, [...] Read more.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often used to evaluate the impact of treatment and clinical decisions on the patient experience for patients with lymphoma. Regulatory agencies have provided guidance on the use of PROMs for patient-focused drug development. Though PROMs are increasingly utilized, the way in which they are used, analyzed, and reported is heterogeneous. This systematic evidence-based review will focus on how PROMs are currently used for patients with lymphoma, what domains PROMs measure, their clinical significance, links to clinical outcomes, and what gaps need to be filled to better incorporate PROMs as endpoints in clinical trials and clinical decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hematology)

15 pages, 522 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

by Irina Y. Dobrosotskaya, Rashmi Kumar and Timothy L. Frankel

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050264 - 30 Apr 2025

Viewed by 217

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver tumor and is strongly related to underlying liver cirrhosis. Common etiologies include viral hepatitis, elevated alcohol consumption and metabolic diseases, all of which result in liver inflammation and scarring. Previously, systemic therapies for locally advanced [...] Read more.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver tumor and is strongly related to underlying liver cirrhosis. Common etiologies include viral hepatitis, elevated alcohol consumption and metabolic diseases, all of which result in liver inflammation and scarring. Previously, systemic therapies for locally advanced or metastatic disease were limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors with poor efficacy and rare cures. Recent advances have harnessed the power of the immune system to combat disease, resulting in improved outcomes and occasional cures. Here, we describe the recent clinical trials in immunotherapies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as first- and second-line therapies and in combination with other drug classes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Therapeutic Strategies, Biomarkers, and Molecular Pathways in Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Cancers)

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20 pages, 3116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Factors for Recurrence in Serous Borderline Ovarian Tumors and Early-Stage Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

by Jingjing Zhang, Ming Wang and Yumei Wu

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050263 - 30 Apr 2025

Viewed by 201

Abstract

Background: Tumor recurrence significantly impacts the quality of life and fertility of patients with serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOT) and early-stage low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC). This study aims to characterize recurrence patterns, identify independent risk factors for recurrence, and develop a nomogram [...] Read more.

Background: Tumor recurrence significantly impacts the quality of life and fertility of patients with serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOT) and early-stage low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC). This study aims to characterize recurrence patterns, identify independent risk factors for recurrence, and develop a nomogram to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study to investigate recurrence in patients undergoing fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) and radical surgery (RS). Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to identify risk factors. Kaplan–Meier analysis was applied to evaluate RFS. A nomogram was developed based on identified variables to predict RFS. Results: Tumor capsule disruption and micropapillary were associated with higher recurrence risk in the FSS group. Non-invasive implants were associated with higher recurrence risk in the RS group. The nomogram prediction model was developed based on identified risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) for RFS predictions was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62–0.85) at 3 years and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.67–0.89) at 5 years for the FSS group and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.98) at 3 years and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.65–0.97) at 5 years for the RS group. Conclusions: We identified the risk factors for recurrence of SBOT and early-stage LGSOC following FSS and RS procedures and developed a predictive model for forecasting RFS. This model provides valuable guidance for patients and clinicians in predicting recurrence risk for patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)

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18 pages, 7056 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Spatial Proximity of CD8⁺ FoxP3⁺PD-1⁺ Cells to Tumor Cells: A More Accurate Predictor of Immunotherapy Outcomes in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

by Zijuan Hu, Zhihuang Hu, Keji Chen, Huixia Huang, Xinyang Zhong, Yaxian Wang, Jiayu Chen, Xuefeng He, Di Shi, Yupeng Zeng, Jiwei Li, Xiaoyan Zhou and Ping Wei

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050262 - 30 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Background: To optimize precision immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC, comprehensive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characterization is crucial for efficacy prediction. Methods: Pretreatment tumor samples from 46 advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were analyzed. The subregional abundance and spatial proximity scores of TIME [...] Read more.

Background: To optimize precision immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC, comprehensive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characterization is crucial for efficacy prediction. Methods: Pretreatment tumor samples from 46 advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were analyzed. The subregional abundance and spatial proximity scores of TIME cell subpopulations in 27 samples were assessed via multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) targeting pan-CK, CD163, CD8, FoxP3, PD-1, and PD-L1. Correlations between the TIME features, clinicopathologic factors, treatment response, and prognosis were evaluated. Results: CD8⁺FoxP3⁺ cells were identified in NSCLC tissues, predominantly expressing PD-1/PD-L1. The PD-L1 TPS subgroups showed significant immune cell density/proximity differences, but CD8⁺FoxP3⁺PD-1⁺ infiltration was PD-L1 TPS-independent. Responders had higher CD8⁺FoxP3⁺PD-1^high density (p = 0.0497) and proximity scores (p = 0.0099) than non-responders. The CD8⁺FoxP3⁺PD-1⁺ presence and tumor proximity were essential for favorable outcomes. In low-PD-L1 TPS patients, the CD8⁺FoxP3⁺PD-1⁺ abundance and proximity scores strongly predicted the response (AUC: 0.79 and 0.75 vs. PD-L1 TPS AUC = 0.58). A survival analysis linked the presence and proximity score of CD8⁺FoxP3⁺PD-1⁺ cells to prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Notably, a low proximity score of CD8⁺FoxP3⁺PD-1⁺ cells emerged as an independent risk factor for a shorter PFS (HR = 6.16, 95% CI: 2.12–17.93, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The CD8⁺FoxP3⁺PD-1⁺ spatial proximity to tumor cells robustly predicts improved immunotherapy outcomes in advanced NSCLC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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15 pages, 1197 KiB

Open AccessReview

ADCs and TCE in SCLC Therapy: The Beginning of a New Era?

by Paola Muscolino, Fausto Omero, Desirèe Speranza, Carla Infurna, Silvana Parisi, Vincenzo Cianci, Massimiliano Berretta, Alessandro Russo and Mariacarmela Santarpia

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050261 - 30 Apr 2025

Viewed by 316

Abstract

The therapeutic landscape for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has remained stationary for decades, with chemotherapy representing the sole treatment strategy, with a modest survival benefit. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to standard first-line chemotherapy for SCLC was a considerable milestone. [...] Read more.

The therapeutic landscape for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has remained stationary for decades, with chemotherapy representing the sole treatment strategy, with a modest survival benefit. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to standard first-line chemotherapy for SCLC was a considerable milestone. However, despite high overall response rates, this strategy failed to deliver long-term benefits for most patients, who continue to face a poor prognosis. Over the last few years, a deeper knowledge of the molecular biology of SCLC and the impressive advancements in drug development, have led to the generation of novel classes of systemic therapies that promise to revolutionize the current therapeutic scenario. Among the various therapeutic approaches in development, T-cell Engagers (TCE) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) stand out due to their unique structural characteristics and mechanisms of action. These therapies represent a paradigm shift from traditional monoclonal antibody (mAb) and chemotherapy regimens, allowing direct engagement of multiple targets associated with tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of current drug development in SCLC, specifically focusing on these new agents, summarizing available evidence, and tracking future directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hype or Hope—Combination Therapies for Lung Cancer)

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10 pages, 1280 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Spontaneous Dramatic Regression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma After Pazopanib-Induced Severe Systemic Inflammatory Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review

by Chi Hyuk Oh and Hong Jun Kim

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050260 - 30 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for a significant proportion of all cancer cases in Korea. This case report presents a unique instance of spontaneous dramatic tumor regression in a 42-year-old Korean male diagnosed with clear [...] Read more.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for a significant proportion of all cancer cases in Korea. This case report presents a unique instance of spontaneous dramatic tumor regression in a 42-year-old Korean male diagnosed with clear cell RCC. The patient initially presented with right lower back pain, weight loss, and a loss of appetite. Following systemic immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab, and right radical nephrectomy, the patient was diagnosed with metastatic clear cell RCC, with new metastatic lesions detected in the liver, and on the chest wall on follow-up imaging. Second-line systemic treatment with pazopanib was initiated. Shortly thereafter, the patient developed severe systemic inflammatory syndrome, resulting in a mental stupor and acute kidney failure. Intensive care, including continuous renal replacement therapy and high-dose immunosuppressants, was administered. The patient’s condition improved significantly with the intensive care regimen, leading to unintended tumor regression. These potentially fatal side effects occurred without infection, as confirmed by negative blood and urine cultures, and were attributed to the recent introduction of pazopanib. Follow-up imaging showed a significant reduction in hepatic metastatic lesions and the disappearance of chest wall nodules. This is the first reported case of RCC tumor regression following the side effects of pazopanib, underscoring the need for further studies into the immune mechanisms involved in RCC treatment and highlighting potential therapeutic strategies that leverage innate immune responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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