Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Volume 46, Issue 1

This review elucidates the critical role of ghrelin, a peptide hormone mainly synthesized in the stomach in various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Ghrelin participates in diverse biological functions ranging from appetite regulation to impacting aut...

The present study investigated the association of genetic predisposition for white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) with incident amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as whether such an association was in...

Due to its rising global prevalence, liver failure treatments are urgently needed. Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid from sinomenium acutum, is being studied for its liver-repair properties due to Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. SIN’s effect on APAP...

Chisocheton plants from the family Meliaceae have traditionally been used to treat several diseases; however, scientific evidence is limited. The most abundant chemical constituents of this plant are the limonoids, which are known for their various b...

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, which has important repercussions on the health of the individual, mainly because of certain compounds it contains. Coffee consumption exerts significant influences on the entire body,...

Arecae pericarpium (AP), the fruit peel of the betel palm, is a traditional Oriental herbal medicine. AP is used to treat various diseases and conditions, such as ascites, edema, and urinary retention, in traditional Korean medicine. Recent studies h...

Plant secondary metabolites, including furanocoumarins, have attracted attention for decades as active molecules with therapeutic potential, especially those occurring in a limited number of species as evolutionarily specific and chemotaxonomically i...

Due to the scientific success of in vitro and in vivo model studies, the interest in using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of orthopaedic conditions is growing. In the context of osteoarthritis (OA), MSCs, and, in particular, those...

Oxylipins are one of the most important classes of bioregulators, biosynthesized through the oxidative metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in various aerobic organisms. Oxylipins are bioregulators that maintain homeostasis at the cellular and organ...

Chromaffin cells have been used as a physiological model to understand neurosecretion in mammals for many years. Nicotinic receptors located in the cells’ membrane are stimulated by acetylcholine, and they participate in the exocytosis of chrom...

Glutamate (Glu) toxicity has been an important research topic in toxicology and neuroscience studies. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Group II metabotropic Glu2 (mGlu2) activators have cell viability effects. This study aims to determine...

The study of molecular drivers of cancer is an area of rapid growth and has led to the development of targeted treatments, significantly improving patient outcomes in many cancer types. The identification of actionable mutations informing targeted tr...

Fishmeal and fish oil substitution in aquafeeds might have adverse effects on fish growth and health, mainly in carnivorous species, such as Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerili). Mediterranean yellowtail shows great potential as an alternative...

Smoking cigarettes is known to lower the risk of preeclampsia. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of smoking on the expression of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endoglin...

Chronic sinusitis (CS) is characterized by sinonasal inflammation, mucus overproduction, and edematous mucosal tissue. CS impacts one in seven adults and estimates suggest up to 15% of the general U.S. population may be affected. This research sought...

The catalytically inactive caspase-8-homologous protein, c-FLIP, is a potent antiapoptotic protein highly expressed in various types of cancers. c-FLIP competes with caspase-8 for binding to the adaptor protein FADD (Fas-Associated Death Domain) foll...

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) is a wheat disease causing substantial yield losses in wheat production globally. The identification of genetic resources with permanently effective resistance genes and the generation of mutant lines showing incr...

The early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can be challenging in cases presenting with a scarcity of clinical signs, normal cerebral imaging in early stages and a lack of specific serum markers. Thrombomodulin has been shown to be associated...

This manuscript explores the role of pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, in the pathogenesis of two chronic dermatoses, psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The diseases, though clinically diverse, share common pathogenetic pat...

Isocorydine (ICD) exhibits strong antitumor effects on numerous human cell lines. However, the anticancer activity of ICD against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been reported. The anticancer activity, migration and invasion ability, and...

Insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) are signaling adaptor proteins that participate in canonical pathways, where insulin cascade activation occurs, as well as in non-canonical pathways, in which phosphorylation of substrates is carr...

In this study, we review the properties of three anionic detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sarkosyl, and sodium lauroylglutamate (SLG), as they play a critical role in molecular biology research. SDS is widely used in electrophoresis and cell...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a technique that analyzes the metabolic state of tissues based on the spatial distribution of fluorescence lifetimes of certain interacting molecules. We used multiphoton FLIM to study the metabolic...

Numerous surgeries are carried out to replace tissues that have been harmed by an illness or an accident. Due to various surgical interventions and the requirement of bone substitutes, the emerging field of bone tissue engineering attempts to repair...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a low-GC-content Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that poses a serious global public health threat. Convenient and rapid genetic manipulation is beneficial for elucidating its pathogenic mechanisms and developing novel...

Modulation of the human gut microbiome has become an area of interest in the nutraceutical space. We explored the effect of the novel foundational nutrition supplement AG1^® on the composition of human microbiota in an in vitro experimental design...

We produced rec-single chain eel luteinizing (rec-eel LH) and follicle-stimulating (rec- eel FSH) hormones displaying high biological activity in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. We constructed several mutants, in which a linker, inclu...

Cancer stands out as a major global public health concern and a significant impediment to increasing life expectancy worldwide. Natural bioactives derived from plants are renowned for their efficacy in treating various types of cancer. Andrographis p...

The process of skin aging is intricate, involving intrinsic aging, influenced by internal factors, and extrinsic aging, mainly caused by exposure to UV radiation, resulting in photoaging. Photoaging manifests as skin issues such as wrinkles and disco...

Molecular-assisted breeding is an effective way to improve targeted agronomic traits. dep1 (dense and erect panicle 1) is a pleiotropic gene that regulates yield, quality, disease resistance, and stress tolerance, traits that are of great value in ri...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common and highly aggressive dog tumor known for its local invasiveness and metastatic potential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving the development and progression of OSCC is crucial for improving...

Inflammatory diseases are a global health problem affecting millions of people with a wide range of conditions. These diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gout, and diabetes, impose a s...

Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 have been extensively researched. While much is already known about the acute phase of the infection, increasing attention has turned to the prolonged symptoms experienced by a s...

Developing strategies for the radiosensitization of cancer cells by the inhibition of genes, which harbor low toxicity to normal cells, will be useful for improving cancer radiotherapy. Here, we focused on a β-site of amyloid precursor protein (...

As transcription factors derived from transposase, FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) and its homolog FHY3 play crucial roles in the regulation of light signaling and various stress responses by coordinating the expression of downstream target genes....

Oxidative stress is one of the primary instigators of the onset of various human ailments, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Particularly, oxidative stress severely affects low-density lipid & protein (LDL) oxidation, lead...

Eruca sativa is a commonly used edible plant in Italian cuisine. E. sativa 70% ethanol extract (ES) was fractionated with five organic solvents, including n-hexane (EHex), chloroform (ECHCl₃), ethyl acetate (EEA), n-butyl alcohol (EBuOH), and water (...

Aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) toxicity are the top two constraints of crop production in acid soil. Crops have evolved common and specific mechanisms to tolerate the two stresses. In the present study, the responses (toxicity and tolerance) of nea...

This review examines the complex interactions between maternal influenza infection, the immune system, and the neurodevelopment of the offspring. It highlights the importance of high-quality studies to clarify the association between maternal exposur...

The development of skeletal muscle in pigs might determine the quality of pork. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play an important role in skeletal muscle growth and development. In this study, we investigated the wh...

Peripheral nerve injuries inflict severe consequences, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the potential of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in mitigating the consequences of peripheral ner...

Skin diseases represent a global healthcare challenge due to their rising incidence and substantial socio-economic burden. While biological, immunological, and targeted therapies have brought a revolution in improving quality of life and survival rat...

This study aimed to explore the liver protective effects of a fourth-generation glycyrrhizic acid product (magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection, MII) in the treatment of mice with drug-induced liver injury—specifically, to determine its effec...

Acute and chronic liver diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting millions of people. Liver transplantation is the primary intervention method, replacing a non-functional liver with a functional one. However, the field o...

Thirty percent of all mutations causing human disease generate mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs). Recognition and degradation of these PTC-containing mRNAs is carried out by the mechanism known as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Upf2...

Staphylococcus and Candida are recognized as causative agents in numerous diseases, and the rise of multidrug-resistant strains emphasizes the need to explore natural sources, such as fungi, for effective antimicrobial agents. This study aims to asse...

In recent decades, given the important role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human health, scientists have paid great attention to the enrichment of this chemical compound in food using various methods, including microbial fermentation. Moreover,...

Influenza B virus (IBV) significantly impacts the health and the economy of the global population. WHO global health estimates project 1 billion flu cases annually, with 3 to 5 million resulting in severe disease and 0.3 to 0.5 million influenza-rela...

The regulation of intracellular pH in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells is critical for cell function and viability. In yeast, protons (H⁺) can be excreted from the cell by plasma membrane ATPase PMA1 and pumped into vacuoles by vacuolar H⁺-ATPa...

Adaptation to thermal conditions in tidal mudflats always involves tolerating frequent fluctuations and often extreme environmental temperatures. Regulation of gene expression plays a fundamental role in the evolution of these thermal adaptations. To...