Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research

21 pages, 494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Value, Consumer Engagement, and Purchase Intention in Virtual Influencer Marketing: The Role of Source Credibility and Generational Cohort

by Ningyan Cao, Normalisa Md Isa, Selvan Perumal and Chuanmei Chen

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020150 - 19 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1443

Abstract

As virtual influencers gain popularity, understanding the factors driving consumer responses is essential. However, limited research explores how perceived value (informativeness, entertainment, novelty, and incentives) and consumer engagement influence purchase intention. Perceived value is a key predictor of consumer behavior, while consumer engagement [...] Read more.

As virtual influencers gain popularity, understanding the factors driving consumer responses is essential. However, limited research explores how perceived value (informativeness, entertainment, novelty, and incentives) and consumer engagement influence purchase intention. Perceived value is a key predictor of consumer behavior, while consumer engagement enhances perceived value and marketing effectiveness. Additionally, the moderating roles of source credibility and generational cohort remain underexplored. This study examines these relationships through a survey of 331 Chinese Generation Y and Z consumers, analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that informativeness, entertainment, and incentives positively influence purchase intention, while novelty has a negative effect. Consumer engagement drives purchase intention and enhances perceived value. Source credibility and generational cohort moderate these effects. When source credibility is low, novelty reduces purchase intention, while incentives increase it. High source credibility makes consumer engagement more influential. Informativeness enhances purchase intention among Generation Y, whereas Generation Z is more influenced by consumer engagement. This study extends research on advertising value and consumer engagement, offering insights for brands optimizing virtual influencer marketing strategies across different consumer segments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection The New Era of Digital Marketing)

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16 pages, 685 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Effect of Live Streaming Atmospheric Cues on Consumer Impulse Buying: A Flow Experience Perspective

by Meiling Xin, Ling Jian, Wei Liu and Yingxu Bao

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020149 - 17 Jun 2025

Viewed by 891

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of real-time interaction technologies and the continuous breakthroughs in marketing innovation, live streaming e-commerce has quickly become an essential marketing channel for brands. Its real-time and interactive nature significantly enhances consumer immersion in online shopping, thereby accelerating the decision-making [...] Read more.

With the rapid advancement of real-time interaction technologies and the continuous breakthroughs in marketing innovation, live streaming e-commerce has quickly become an essential marketing channel for brands. Its real-time and interactive nature significantly enhances consumer immersion in online shopping, thereby accelerating the decision-making process. This study investigates the impact of atmospheric cues in live streaming on impulse buying through the lens of flow experience. The findings reveal that expertise cues, interaction cues, and entertainment cues all contribute to enhancing consumers’ flow experience, which in turn, fosters impulse buying. Moreover, recognizing the importance of consumer heterogeneity, this study examines the moderating effect of self-construal. It finds that, once in a flow state, consumers with a stronger independent self-construal are more likely to engage in impulse buying than those with a more interdependent self-construal. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for brands on better leveraging live streaming e-commerce. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies and Marketing Innovation)

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33 pages, 1891 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Virtual Experience to Real Action: Efficiency–Flexibility Ambidexterity Fuels Virtual Reality Webrooming Behavior

by Zhi-Tao Chen, Guicheng Shi and Yu-Hao Zheng

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020148 - 17 Jun 2025

Viewed by 514

Abstract

In the post-digital era, virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly being utilized in the real estate industry. In this study, the influence of functional experience with VR technology (e.g., interactivity and flexibility) on consumers’ offline house viewing intentions is explored. On the basis [...] Read more.

In the post-digital era, virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly being utilized in the real estate industry. In this study, the influence of functional experience with VR technology (e.g., interactivity and flexibility) on consumers’ offline house viewing intentions is explored. On the basis of efficiency–flexibility ambidexterity and customer inspiration theory, a structural equation model was employed to analyze empirical data collected from 388 consumers in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. The key findings are as follows: (1) VR technology features have significant positive effects on customer inspiration, which in turn enhances customers’ willingness to view houses offline; (2) VR presence, enjoyment, interactivity, and flexibility all contribute to customer inspiration, with VR presence having the most substantial impact; and (3) VR knowledge and consumer demand for uniqueness significantly moderate the relationship between VR technology features and customer inspiration. For example, consumers with substantial VR knowledge can more effectively leverage VR technology, whereas those with a strong need for uniqueness are more likely to be inspired by the innovative aspects of VR. This research provides theoretical support for the application of VR technology in real estate marketing and practical guidance for enterprises to optimize VR marketing strategies, improve consumer experiences, and drive offline transactions. These insights can help companies better understand consumer psychology and behaviour in the digital marketing landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Interactive Marketing in the Digital Era)

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20 pages, 1716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Collaborative Neighbourhood Logistics in e-Commerce Delivery: A Cluster Analysis of Receivers and Deliverers

by Cam Tu Nguyen, Lanhui Cai, Mingjie Fang, Yanfeng Liu and Xueqin Wang

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020147 - 17 Jun 2025

Viewed by 382

Abstract

The rapid growth of e-commerce and surges in shipment volumes have increased the pressure on transport systems, requiring innovations in collaborative logistics where consumers participate in dual roles as receivers and deliverers. However, existing research often addresses these roles in isolation, overlooking the [...] Read more.

The rapid growth of e-commerce and surges in shipment volumes have increased the pressure on transport systems, requiring innovations in collaborative logistics where consumers participate in dual roles as receivers and deliverers. However, existing research often addresses these roles in isolation, overlooking the flexibility with which users switch between them. Moreover, the literature has focused predominantly on monetary value in paid crowdsourced or social value in free social delivery, without fully exploring how users perceive value across both models. Addressing these gaps, this study profiles users of collaborative logistics services from both receiver and deliverer perspectives and examines their motivations in paid and unpaid delivery contexts. Based on survey data from 493 participants in Singapore, cluster analysis identified four distinct user segments: hesitators, potential customers, active users, and loyal advocates. The findings indicate that user preferences differ by role, with functional value prioritised in paid delivery and social value more prominent in free models. Free models attract a higher proportion of favourable users, highlighting the significance of non-monetary incentives. This study contributes to the literature by offering an integrated perspective on user roles and value perceptions and provides practical insights for developing more inclusive, community-oriented last-mile logistics solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Digital Marketing and the Connected Consumer)

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36 pages, 4529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing International B2B Sales Training in the Wine Sector Through Collaborative Virtual Reality: A Case Study from Marchesi Antinori

by Irene Capecchi, Tommaso Borghini, Danio Berti, Silvia Ranfagni and Iacopo Bernetti

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020146 - 16 Jun 2025

Viewed by 548

Abstract

This study aims to identify and evaluate the essential design features, strengths, and limitations of a virtual reality (VR) application that has been developed to train an international sales force effectively for a premium global wine brand. The study emphasizes the value of [...] Read more.

This study aims to identify and evaluate the essential design features, strengths, and limitations of a virtual reality (VR) application that has been developed to train an international sales force effectively for a premium global wine brand. The study emphasizes the value of stakeholder-driven iterative development and systematic evaluations. A case study methodology was adopted for the research, focusing on a VR training application, developed for Marchesi Antinori. The Scrum framework was employed to facilitate iterative stakeholder collaboration. A qualitative evaluation was conducted using focus groups, comprising marketing, communications, and sales representatives. A systematic application of natural language processing (NLP) embedding techniques and recursive clustering analyses was undertaken to interpret stakeholder feedback. The findings suggest that stakeholder-driven, iterative processes can significantly enhance the effectiveness of VR applications by providing a clear structure for immersive storytelling that focuses on terroir characteristics, vineyard operations, and cellar practices. Stakeholders acknowledged the potent educational benefits of VR in regard to business-to-business (B2B) sales training. However, they also highlighted significant limitations, including user discomfort, concerns about authenticity, and variations in market receptivity. Alternative immersive technologies, including augmented reality and immersive multimedia environments, have emerged as valuable complementary approaches. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature by examining the application of VR technology for B2B sales training in the premium wine industry. The study integrates an iterative Scrum methodology with advanced natural language processing (NLP) analytical techniques to derive nuanced, context-rich insights. Full article

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27 pages, 424 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Triple Helix of Digital Engagement: Unifying Technology Acceptance, Trust Signaling, and Social Contagion in Generation Z’s Social Commerce Repurchase Decisions

by Bui Thanh Khoa

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020145 - 13 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1168

Abstract

This study investigated Generation Z’s repurchase intention in social commerce environments by integrating three theoretical frameworks: the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, signaling theory, and herding behavior. The research addressed critical gaps in understanding continued engagement behaviors of digitally native [...] Read more.

This study investigated Generation Z’s repurchase intention in social commerce environments by integrating three theoretical frameworks: the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, signaling theory, and herding behavior. The research addressed critical gaps in understanding continued engagement behaviors of digitally native consumers in socially embedded commerce platforms. Data were collected from 542 Generation Z consumers using a structured questionnaire, and relationships were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results demonstrated that all UTAUT factors significantly influenced repurchase intention. Return policy leniency, as a quality signal, positively impacted repurchase intention both directly and indirectly through enhanced online trust. Fear of missing out demonstrated significant direct effects on repurchase intention and operated indirectly through imitative behaviors. This research advances the theoretical understanding of Generation Z’s continued engagement with social commerce by validating an integrated framework that simultaneously accounts for technological, informational, and social-psychological dimensions. The findings provide practical guidance for social commerce platforms seeking to enhance Generation Z’s loyalty through balanced strategies addressing functional performance, trust-building signals, and social validation mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Digital Marketing and the Connected Consumer)

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25 pages, 3906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

When Pixels Speak Louder: Unravelling the Synergy of Text–Image Integration in Multimodal Review Helpfulness

by Chao Ma, Chen Yang and Ying Yu

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020144 - 12 Jun 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1136

Abstract

Images contain more visual semantic information. Consumers first view multimodal online reviews with images. Research on the helpfulness of reviews on e-commerce platforms mainly focuses on text, lacking insights into the product attributes reflected by review images and the relationship between images and [...] Read more.

Images contain more visual semantic information. Consumers first view multimodal online reviews with images. Research on the helpfulness of reviews on e-commerce platforms mainly focuses on text, lacking insights into the product attributes reflected by review images and the relationship between images and text. Studying the relationship between images and text in online reviews can better explain consumer behavior and help consumers make purchasing decisions. Taking multimodal online review data from shopping platforms as the research object, this study proposes a research framework based on the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML). It utilizes multiple pre-trained models, such as BLIP2 and machine learning methods, to construct metrics. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is conducted to explore the configurational effects of antecedent variables of multimodal online reviews on review helpfulness. The study identifies five configurational paths that lead to high review helpfulness. Specific review cases are used to examine the contribution paths of these configurations to perceived helpfulness, providing a new perspective for future research on multimodal online reviews. Targeted recommendations are made for operators and merchants based on the research findings, offering theoretical support for platforms to fully leverage the potential value of user-generated content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Marketing Dynamics: From Browsing to Buying)

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19 pages, 545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Drivers of Mobile Banking Super-App Adoption: Across Different Service Integration Levels

by Dongyeon Kim, Soongoo Hong, Youngmin Je and Min Ho Ryu

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020143 - 12 Jun 2025

Viewed by 867

Abstract

The surge in digital transformation within financial technology has catalyzed the development of super-apps—comprehensive mobile applications designed to serve a multitude of a customer’s daily needs on a single platform. Despite their widespread use, there is a dearth of research regarding customer adoption [...] Read more.

The surge in digital transformation within financial technology has catalyzed the development of super-apps—comprehensive mobile applications designed to serve a multitude of a customer’s daily needs on a single platform. Despite their widespread use, there is a dearth of research regarding customer adoption in the banking industry. Employing the integrated Information Systems (IS) success model, this study delves into how the characteristics of mobile banking super-apps influence user adoption intentions, taking into account various levels of service integration, in South Korea. The results reveal that factors such as interactivity, service diversity, process completeness, and technological service innovation positively affect the perceived ease of use. However, only service diversity and process completeness significantly influence perceived usefulness. Furthermore, distinct relationships between constructs are observed among different user groups based on their preferred service integration levels. This research can help banks formulate app management strategies and identify the optimal levels of service integration for their mobile banking super-apps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Digital Marketing and the Connected Consumer)

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29 pages, 1100 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Payments and Sustainable Economic Growth: Transmission Mechanisms and Evidence from an Emerging Economy, Turkey

by Eyup Kahveci and Tugrul Gurgur

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020142 - 12 Jun 2025

Viewed by 862

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of digital transactions on sustainable economic growth in Turkey, utilizing a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and quarterly data from 2006 to 2023. The results indicate a positive long-term association between digital payments and GDP. Granger causality tests and [...] Read more.

This study investigates the impact of digital transactions on sustainable economic growth in Turkey, utilizing a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and quarterly data from 2006 to 2023. The results indicate a positive long-term association between digital payments and GDP. Granger causality tests and impulse response functions suggest a bidirectional relationship, highlighting mutual reinforcement between economic activity and digital financial adoption. The study also investigates three potential transmission channels linking digital payments to economic performance: household consumption, productivity, and financial intermediation. Evidence shows that digital payments are associated with increased consumption and financial sector activity, while the link to productivity is less conclusive. These findings imply that policymakers should prioritize digital financial infrastructure development and enhance regulatory frameworks to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Commerce and Information Management Towards the Digital Era)

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27 pages, 1606 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Chinese Millennials’ Purchase Intentions for Clothing with AI-Generated Patterns from Premium Fashion Brands: An Integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Perceived Value Perspective

by Xinjie Huang, Chuanlan Liu, Jiayao Wang and Jingjing Zheng

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020141 - 11 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1241

Abstract

Premium fashion brands are increasingly adopting Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) to reduce costs and enhance creativity. However, consumers have mixed perceptions of clothing with AI-generated patterns (CAGPs) launched by premium fashion brands, especially in online shopping contexts where consumers cannot examine physical products [...] Read more.

Premium fashion brands are increasingly adopting Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) to reduce costs and enhance creativity. However, consumers have mixed perceptions of clothing with AI-generated patterns (CAGPs) launched by premium fashion brands, especially in online shopping contexts where consumers cannot examine physical products firsthand. This study integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with Customer Perceived Value (CPV) to investigate Chinese Millennials’ attitudes and purchase intentions toward online purchases of CAGPs launched by premium fashion brands. Using a purposive sampling approach, the study collected 471 valid responses from Chinese Millennials. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was then employed to test the proposed model and hypotheses. The results reveal that perceived brand design effort and perceived price value are primary drivers of purchase intention for CAGPs from premium fashion brands, while perceived aesthetic value significantly shapes consumer attitudes. The subjective norm and attitude positively influence purchase intention. This study sheds light on the roles of aesthetic, emotional, monetary and social factors in driving purchase intention, offering practical suggestions for premium brands’ product design and marketing strategies. Full article

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30 pages, 874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cooperation or Non-Cooperation: Examining Impact of Spillover Effect on Community Group Buying Operational Strategy

by Jing Zheng, Yong Wang, Yue Chen and Yue Wen

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020140 - 10 Jun 2025

Viewed by 350

Abstract

The emergence of the new retail model of community group buying (CGB) has brought a significant impact on the traditional retail of community nanostores while community nanostores, as the leaders of the community, have the natural advantage of becoming the pick-up points of [...] Read more.

The emergence of the new retail model of community group buying (CGB) has brought a significant impact on the traditional retail of community nanostores while community nanostores, as the leaders of the community, have the natural advantage of becoming the pick-up points of the CGB platform. Therefore, as the two core formats in the new community retail ecosystem, the CGB platform and community nanostore exhibit both competitive and complementary characteristics. Aiming at the community retail market composed of the CGB platform and the community nanostore, this study constructed a Hotelling game model to portray the competition and cooperation between these two channels and explored the impacts of different operational strategies on the equilibrium decisions and optimal profits of community retail market participants through comparative analysis. The research revealed that when retailers adopt the non-cooperation strategy, the community nanostore will occupy a larger market share, and the spillover effect between channels brought by the cooperation strategy is the main factor influencing retailers’ operation strategy. In addition, the type of pick-up point operated by the community nanostore will also affect the cooperation willingness of the CGB platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Utilizing Models for e-Business Decision-Making: From Data to Wisdom)

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23 pages, 969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adoption of Incremental and Radical Innovations in E-Commerce Delivery: Evidence from Smart Lockers and Autonomous Drones Using the UTAUT Model

by Yunqi Yang, Diancen Xie, Po-Lin Lai and Xueqin Wang

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020139 - 10 Jun 2025

Viewed by 668

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of e-commerce delivery technologies, understanding consumer responses to different types of innovations has become increasingly important. This study examines how consumers react to incremental innovations (e.g., smart lockers) versus radical innovations (e.g., autonomous drones) by integrating personal innovativeness into [...] Read more.

With the rapid advancement of e-commerce delivery technologies, understanding consumer responses to different types of innovations has become increasingly important. This study examines how consumers react to incremental innovations (e.g., smart lockers) versus radical innovations (e.g., autonomous drones) by integrating personal innovativeness into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Based on 300 valid survey responses from Chinese consumers and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), the findings demonstrate that personal innovativeness significantly influences key adoption determinants—performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The adoption of smart lockers is primarily driven by perceived performance and convenience, whereas the adoption of autonomous drones is more strongly shaped by social influence. The proposed model provides both theoretical and practical implications for firms seeking to promote diverse e-commerce delivery technologies. Full article

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19 pages, 782 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Certainty to Doubt: The Impact of Streamer Expression Certainty on Consumer Purchase Behavior in Live-Stream E-Commerce

by Yinjiao Chen, Qianqian Han, Zhihua Lian, Weiming Zhu and Yushi Jiang

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020138 - 9 Jun 2025

Viewed by 703

Abstract

This study explores the impact of streamer expression certainty on consumer purchase behavior in live-stream e-commerce and its underlying mechanisms. Based on an empirical analysis of 3842 product live-stream data from the Douyin platform and an experimental study, the results show that streamer [...] Read more.

This study explores the impact of streamer expression certainty on consumer purchase behavior in live-stream e-commerce and its underlying mechanisms. Based on an empirical analysis of 3842 product live-stream data from the Douyin platform and an experimental study, the results show that streamer expression certainty has a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with consumer purchase behavior. Moderate expression certainty enhances consumers’ purchase intention, while excessively high or low expression certainty weakens its effect. Furthermore, perceived competence and perceived warmth mediate this process. Moderate expression certainty enhances consumers’ perceptions of the streamer’s professionalism and sincerity, thereby promoting purchase behavior. However, overly high expression certainty may reduce perceived warmth, leading to decreased consumer trust. This study further reveals the key role of language style in live-stream e-commerce and provides practical insights for optimizing streamers’ language strategies and improving live-stream effectiveness. The study’s limitations and directions for future research are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Interactive Marketing in the Digital Era)

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24 pages, 964 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Designing a Sustainable Supply Chain Network for Perishable Products Integrating Internet of Things and Mixed Fleets

by Lihong Pan, Xialian Li and Miyuan Shan

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020137 - 6 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1475

Abstract

Designing a sustainable supply chain network for perishable products is challenging due to their short shelf life and sensitivity to environmental conditions. These factors necessitate strict quality control and efficient logistics. The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significantly improved supply [...] Read more.

Designing a sustainable supply chain network for perishable products is challenging due to their short shelf life and sensitivity to environmental conditions. These factors necessitate strict quality control and efficient logistics. The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significantly improved supply chain operations by enabling real-time monitoring of environmental conditions. This helps maintain product quality and ensures timely deliveries. Additionally, using mixed fleets—comprising both electric and conventional vehicles—can reduce carbon emissions without compromising operational reliability. While previous studies have explored the application of IoT to enhance delivery efficiency and the use of mixed fleets to address environmental concerns, few have examined both technologies within a unified modeling framework. This study proposes a sustainable multi-period supply chain network for perishable products that integrates IoT technology and mixed fleets into an optimization framework. We develop a multi-objective location-inventory-routing model. The first objective minimizes total costs, including production, facility operation, inventory, transportation, carbon emissions, IoT deployment, and energy use. The second objective aims to maximize service levels, which are measured by product quality and on-time delivery. The model is solved using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). A case study based on real-world data demonstrates the model’s effectiveness. Sensitivity analysis indicates that balancing the emphasis on quality and delivery reliability leads to improved cost and service performance. Furthermore, while total costs steadily increase with higher demand, service levels remain stable, showcasing the model’s robustness. These results provide practical guidance for managing sustainable supply chains for perishable products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digitalization and Sustainable Supply Chain)

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23 pages, 521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Transformation and Enterprise Innovation Capability: From the Perspectives of Enterprise Cooperative Culture and Innovative Culture

by Tao Liu, Jiaxuan Leng, Shunyu Zhu and Rong Fu

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020136 - 6 Jun 2025

Viewed by 762

Abstract

Enterprise digital transformation has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing innovation capacity in the age of the digital economy. This article aims to analyze the influence mechanism of digital transformation on corporate innovation and evaluate the mediating function of corporate innovation and [...] Read more.

Enterprise digital transformation has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing innovation capacity in the age of the digital economy. This article aims to analyze the influence mechanism of digital transformation on corporate innovation and evaluate the mediating function of corporate innovation and cooperative cultures between digital transformation and corporate innovation capability. This work builds a panel data model based on data from Chinese A-share listed businesses from 2012 to 2021, empirically analyzes it using the Tobit model and the fixed effects model with instrumental variables technique, and uses the mediation effect test to uncover the course of action. According to the report, digital transformation significantly enhances creativity capability; second, corporate collaborative and innovation cultures mediate the relationship between digital transformation and innovation outcomes, and cultural capital becomes a crucial link; and third, the influence of digital transformation on corporate innovation capability is greater in state-owned enterprises, non-monopoly industries, and high-tech industries. According to the study, businesses should work to realize the dual-wheel drive of “technological investment + cultural cultivation” and establish an open and collaborative innovation ecosystem, while the government should intensify the development of digital infrastructure, enhance the supporting system, encourage cultural construction and talent supply, and create an environment that supports the synergistic development of digitization and innovation. Full article

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21 pages, 475 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Product Type in Online Review Generation and Perception: Implications for Consumer Decision-Making

by Hang Dong, Keeyeon Ki-cheon Park and Jong Min Kim

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020135 - 6 Jun 2025

Viewed by 833

Abstract

Product type plays a critical role in shaping how consumers generate, perceive, and utilize online reviews in decision-making. While previous studies have examined various review features, this study highlights the distinct effects of product classification—search goods, experience goods, and credence goods—on both review [...] Read more.

Product type plays a critical role in shaping how consumers generate, perceive, and utilize online reviews in decision-making. While previous studies have examined various review features, this study highlights the distinct effects of product classification—search goods, experience goods, and credence goods—on both review generation and perceived helpfulness. Drawing on Product Classification Theory, as well as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, we analyze how review characteristics such as text length and photo inclusion vary across product types and influence consumer perceptions. Using a large-scale dataset of verified Amazon reviews, we find that consumers are more likely to produce longer and more visually rich reviews for search and experience goods than for credence goods, which are harder to evaluate and, thus, elicit less elaborate content. In terms of review helpfulness, reviews for experience goods are rated as more helpful than those for credence goods, while those for search goods are seen as less helpful. Furthermore, review length significantly boosts helpfulness for search goods, while photo inclusion enhances it for experience goods. These findings contribute to review effectiveness research by emphasizing the moderating role of product type and offering actionable insights for e-commerce platforms to improve review design and consumer decision-making. Full article

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13 pages, 609 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Building Better Conservation Organisations with Blockchain Technology

by Rand Kwong Yew Low and Gopalasamy Reuben Clements

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020134 - 6 Jun 2025

Viewed by 657

Abstract

Blockchain technology can enable non-profit organisations (NPOs) to create a large, diverse, and engaged community of donors and stakeholders in an autonomous and transparent manner [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Business Applications and the Metaverse)

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29 pages, 8071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transparency as a Trust Catalyst: How Self-Disclosure Strategies Reshape Consumer Perceptions of Unhealthy Food Brands on Digital Platforms

by Cong Sun, Jinxi Ji and Xing Meng

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020133 - 6 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1007

Abstract

Digital food-ordering apps make it simple to buy indulgent drinks yet hard to judge their health risks. We conducted five online experiments (N = 1048) to compare two messages for sugary beverages: self-promotion that stresses taste and self-disclosure that plainly warns “high sugar/high [...] Read more.

Digital food-ordering apps make it simple to buy indulgent drinks yet hard to judge their health risks. We conducted five online experiments (N = 1048) to compare two messages for sugary beverages: self-promotion that stresses taste and self-disclosure that plainly warns “high sugar/high calories”. Brands that chose self-disclosure were seen as more socially responsible and transparent, which in turn raised trust and lifted purchase intent. These gains were strongest for users who care deeply about the category or the brand and remained robust even among highly health-conscious shoppers. The results show that, for “vice” foods, honest warnings can outperform glossy claims. Our study extends signaling and attribution theories to digital food markets and offers managers a straightforward playbook for complying with new labeling rules while still driving sales. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Marketing Dynamics: From Browsing to Buying)

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23 pages, 1033 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Mobile Game Design Features Through Grounded Theory: Key Factors Influencing User Behavior

by Chang Ma and Jingbo Shao

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020132 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 994

Abstract

The mobile gaming industry has undergone remarkable expansion alongside advancements in mobile and information technologies. Facing intensified market competition due to user number saturation and product homogeneity, industry practitioners require actionable insights into design features that drive user engagement and in-game payments. This [...] Read more.

The mobile gaming industry has undergone remarkable expansion alongside advancements in mobile and information technologies. Facing intensified market competition due to user number saturation and product homogeneity, industry practitioners require actionable insights into design features that drive user engagement and in-game payments. This study employs a qualitative research approach based on grounded theory, focusing on role-playing mobile games as the research subject. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus groups with gaming industry professionals and users, supplemented by online textual data collection. Utilizing the three-stage coding paradigm of grounded theory and drawing upon emotional design theory, this study constructs a dimensional model of mobile game design features comprising 4 major categories, 16 primary design characteristics, and 41 specific design elements. The findings provide theoretical support for understanding how mobile game design features influence user behaviors while offering practical insights for optimizing mobile game products. This research contributes to both academic discourse and industrial practice by systematically identifying and categorizing critical design elements that affect user engagement in mobile games. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Digital Marketing and the Connected Consumer)

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23 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enterprise Digital Transformation Drivers: Market or Government? A Case Study from China

by Tinghui Li, Linteng Ni and Yanting Xu

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020131 - 3 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1304

Abstract

The relative dominance of government and market forces in enterprise digital transformation remains underexplored. This paper aims to provide new insights into this topic. Using data from China’s A-share-listed companies (2007–2023), we test the short- and long-term impacts of government subsidies and market [...] Read more.

The relative dominance of government and market forces in enterprise digital transformation remains underexplored. This paper aims to provide new insights into this topic. Using data from China’s A-share-listed companies (2007–2023), we test the short- and long-term impacts of government subsidies and market strength on enterprise digital transformation, quantify their relative contributions, explore substitution effects, investigate synergistic interactions, and examine heterogeneous impacts across different enterprise ownership types and life cycle stages, using the fixed effects regression model, exponential smoothing, interaction term, coupling coordination model, and group regression. The results indicate that both government subsidies and market forces drive digital transformation in enterprises, with government subsidies having a slightly stronger effect. There is a substitutive relationship between the two, and their synergy significantly promotes digital transformation. However, their impact varies across different types of enterprises. Stronger market forces do not always lead to greater transformation; in fact, for non-state-owned enterprises, market strength can hinder digital transformation. Similarly, government subsidies do not consistently promote digital transformation. Their effect is less pronounced for growth and maturity-stage enterprises, while declining enterprises are more motivated to pursue digital transformation to benefit from subsidies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Digital Business Organization)

25 pages, 11371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Concrete or Abstract? The Impact of Green Advertising Appeals and Information Framing on Consumer Responses

by Jiahong Yu, Xixiang Sun, Ying Huang and Yige Jia

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020130 - 3 Jun 2025

Viewed by 808

Abstract

Green advertising messages often face challenges of abstraction and outcome ambiguity. To address this, we apply the framing effect theory to explore how concrete versus abstract expressions in green advertising interact with consumer perceptions. Drawing on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), we propose [...] Read more.

Green advertising messages often face challenges of abstraction and outcome ambiguity. To address this, we apply the framing effect theory to explore how concrete versus abstract expressions in green advertising interact with consumer perceptions. Drawing on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), we propose a congruence framework: concrete messages align with competence appeals, while abstract messages align with warmth appeals. Through two experiments, we demonstrate that such congruence significantly enhances green purchase intention. Experiment 1 establishes the interaction effect between message framing (concrete vs. abstract) and appeal type (competence vs. warmth), revealing that concrete–competence and abstract–warmth pairings outperform mismatched conditions. Experiment 2 further validates advertising attitudes as a mediator and product involvement as a moderator, clarifying boundary conditions. These findings advance the theoretical understanding of framing effects in sustainability communication and offer actionable strategies for marketers: aligning message specificity (concrete/abstract) with appeal dimensions (competence/warmth) can amplify consumer engagement, particularly when tailored to product contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Digital Marketing and the Connected Consumer)

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25 pages, 1344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Customer-Centric Decision-Making with XAI and Counterfactual Explanations for Churn Mitigation

by Simona-Vasilica Oprea and Adela Bâra

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020129 - 3 Jun 2025

Viewed by 940

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a methodology designed to deliver actionable insights that help businesses retain customers. While Machine Learning (ML) techniques predict whether a customer is likely to churn, this alone is not enough. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, such as SHapley [...] Read more.

In this paper, we propose a methodology designed to deliver actionable insights that help businesses retain customers. While Machine Learning (ML) techniques predict whether a customer is likely to churn, this alone is not enough. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, such as SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), highlight the features influencing the prediction, but businesses need strategies to prevent churn. Counterfactual (CF) explanations bridge this gap by identifying the minimal changes in the business–customer relationship that could shift an outcome from churn to retention, offering steps to enhance customer loyalty and reduce losses to competitors. These explanations might not fully align with business constraints; however, alternative scenarios can be developed to achieve the same objective. Among the six classifiers used to detect churn cases, the Balanced Random Forest classifier was selected for its superior performance, achieving the highest recall score of 0.72. After classification, Diverse Counterfactual Explanations with ML (DiCEML) through Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is applied to obtain the required changes in the features, as well as in the range permitted by the business itself. We further apply DiCEML to uncover potential biases within the model, calculating the disparate impact of some features. Full article

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25 pages, 308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring Consumer Experience in Community Unmanned Stores: Development of the ECUS-Scale for Omnichannel Digital Retail

by Weizhuan Hu, Linghao Zhang, Yilin Wang and Jianbin Wu

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020128 - 3 Jun 2025

Viewed by 585

Abstract

As consumer behavior increasingly shifts toward hyperlocal, digitally mediated retail journeys, community unmanned stores have emerged as a transformative model that integrates smart technologies with community proximity services. These fully automated stores offer convenient, contactless shopping and hybrid digital–physical interactions, playing an increasingly [...] Read more.

As consumer behavior increasingly shifts toward hyperlocal, digitally mediated retail journeys, community unmanned stores have emerged as a transformative model that integrates smart technologies with community proximity services. These fully automated stores offer convenient, contactless shopping and hybrid digital–physical interactions, playing an increasingly important role within broader omnichannel digital retail ecosystems. However, there remains a lack of validated instruments to assess customer experience in such autonomous and locally embedded retail formats. This study develops and validates an ECUS-scale (an experience in community unmanned store scale), a multidimensional measurement tool grounded in qualitative research and refined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale identifies nine key dimensions—convenient service, smooth transaction, preferential price, good quality, safe environment, secure payment, comfortable space, comfortable interaction, and friendly image—across 36 items. These dimensions reflect the technological, spatial, and emotional–social aspects of customer experience in unmanned retail settings. The findings demonstrate that the ECUS-scale offers a robust framework for evaluating consumer experience in low-staffed, tech-enabled community stores, with strong relevance to omnichannel digital retail strategies. Theoretically, it advances the literature on smart retail experience by capturing underexplored dimensions such as emotional engagement with technology and perceptions of safety in staff-free environments. Practically, it serves as a diagnostic tool for businesses to enhance experience design and optimize customer engagement across digital and physical touchpoints. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Marketing Dynamics: From Browsing to Buying)

21 pages, 1633 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality Information Disclosure and Blockchain Technology Adoption of Competitive Suppliers on the Third-Party E-Commerce Platform

by Shengming Zhang, Xumei Zhang, Bo Wang and Bin Dan

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020127 - 3 Jun 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 423

Abstract

This study investigates the quality information disclosure and blockchain technology adoption strategies of suppliers on a third-party e-commerce platform. Based on a Stackelberg game model, the impacts of blockchain technology adoption on the quality information disclosure decision and profit of the third-party e-commerce [...] Read more.

This study investigates the quality information disclosure and blockchain technology adoption strategies of suppliers on a third-party e-commerce platform. Based on a Stackelberg game model, the impacts of blockchain technology adoption on the quality information disclosure decision and profit of the third-party e-commerce platform and suppliers are explored. The results indicate that whether blockchain adoption benefits suppliers depends on the unit blockchain cost and the reliability of quality information. Counterintuitively, higher information reliability may disadvantage suppliers under certain conditions. With the increase in unit blockchain cost, the incentive of suppliers to adopt blockchain is weakened, and suppliers need to adjust their strategies of quality information disclosure according to the adoption situation and the cost of blockchain. Adopting blockchain technology may be unfavorable to the suppliers but beneficial to the third-party e-commerce platform; the platform can incentivize suppliers to adopt blockchain and achieve a win-win situation. These findings provide some valuable managerial implications for the quality information disclosure decision of suppliers and blockchain adoption in the e-commerce platform supply chain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Business Applications and the Metaverse)

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23 pages, 2071 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Creating Value in Metaverse-Driven Global Value Chains: Blockchain Integration and the Evolution of International Business

by Sina Mirzaye Shirkoohi and Muhammad Mohiuddin

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020126 - 2 Jun 2025

Viewed by 741

Abstract

The convergence of blockchain and metaverse technologies is poised to redefine how Global Value Chains (GVCs) create, capture, and distribute value, yet scholarly insight into their joint impact remains scattered. Addressing this gap, the present study aims to clarify where, how, and under [...] Read more.

The convergence of blockchain and metaverse technologies is poised to redefine how Global Value Chains (GVCs) create, capture, and distribute value, yet scholarly insight into their joint impact remains scattered. Addressing this gap, the present study aims to clarify where, how, and under what conditions blockchain-enabled transparency and metaverse-enabled immersion enhance GVC performance. A systematic literature review (SLR), conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, screened 300 articles from ABI Global, Business Source Premier, and Web of Science records, yielding 65 peer-reviewed articles for in-depth analysis. The corpus was coded thematically and mapped against three theoretical lenses: transaction cost theory, resource-based view, and network/ecosystem perspectives. Key findings reveal the following: 1. digital twins anchored in immersive platforms reduce planning cycles by up to 30% and enable real-time, cross-border supply chain reconfiguration; 2. tokenized assets, micro-transactions, and decentralized finance (DeFi) are spawning new revenue models but simultaneously shift tax triggers and compliance burdens; 3. cross-chain protocols are critical for scalable trust, yet regulatory fragmentation—exemplified by divergent EU, U.S., and APAC rules—creates non-trivial coordination costs; and 4. traditional IB theories require extension to account for digital-capability orchestration, emerging cost centers (licensing, reserve backing, data audits), and metaverse-driven network effects. Based on these insights, this study recommends that managers adopt phased licensing and geo-aware tax engines, embed region-specific compliance flags in smart-contract metadata, and pilot digital-twin initiatives in sandbox-friendly jurisdictions. Policymakers are urged to accelerate work on interoperability and reporting standards to prevent systemic bottlenecks. Finally, researchers should pursue multi-case and longitudinal studies measuring the financial and ESG outcomes of integrated blockchain–metaverse deployments. By synthesizing disparate streams and articulating a forward agenda, this review provides a conceptual bridge for international business scholarship and a practical roadmap for firms navigating the next wave of digital GVC transformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Entrepreneurship, Innovation, FinTech Accounting and Industry 4.0)

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27 pages, 4562 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Text Mining for Consumers’ Sentiment Tendency and Strategies for Promoting Cross-Border E-Commerce Marketing Using Consumers’ Online Review Data

by Changting Liu, Tao Chen, Qiang Pu and Ying Jin

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020125 - 2 Jun 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 734

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of information technology and the increasing maturity of online shopping platforms, cross-border shopping has experienced rapid growth. Online consumer reviews, as an essential part of the online shopping process, have become a vital way for merchants to obtain user [...] Read more.

With the rapid advancement of information technology and the increasing maturity of online shopping platforms, cross-border shopping has experienced rapid growth. Online consumer reviews, as an essential part of the online shopping process, have become a vital way for merchants to obtain user feedback and gain insights into market demands. The research employs Python tools (Jupyter Notebook 7.0.8) to analyze the 14,078 pieces of review text data from the top four best-selling products in a certain product category on a certain cross-border e-commerce platform. By applying social network analysis, constructing LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic models, and establishing LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) sentiment classification models, the topics and sentiment distribution of the review set are obtained, and the evolution trends of topics and sentiments are analyzed according to different periods. The research finds that in the overall review set, consumers’ focus is concentrated on five aspects: functional features, quality and cost-effectiveness, usage effectiveness, post-purchase support, and design and assembly. In terms of changes in review sentiments, the negative proportion of the topics of functional features and usage effects is still relatively high. Given the above, this study integrates the 4P and 4C theories to propose strategies for enhancing the marketing capabilities of cross-border e-commerce in the context of digital cross-border operations, providing theoretical and practical marketing insights for cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human–Technology Synergies in AI-Driven E-Commerce Environments)

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27 pages, 5038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction and Optimization for Multi-Product Marketing Resource Allocation in Cross-Border E-Commerce

by Yi Xie, Heng-Qing Ye and Wenbin Zhu

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020124 - 2 Jun 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 888

Abstract

In cross-border e-commerce, effective marketing resource allocation is crucial due to the complexity introduced by diverse product categories, regional differences, and competition among category managers. Current methods either overlook these constraints or fail to enforce them efficiently due to computational challenges. We propose [...] Read more.

In cross-border e-commerce, effective marketing resource allocation is crucial due to the complexity introduced by diverse product categories, regional differences, and competition among category managers. Current methods either overlook these constraints or fail to enforce them efficiently due to computational challenges. We propose a two-stage optimization framework that integrates predictive models with constrained optimization. In the first stage, predictive models estimate user purchase probabilities and determine upper bounds on product-specific sending volumes. In the second stage, the resource allocation problem is formulated as a large-scale integer programming model, which is then transformed into a minimum-cost flow problem to ensure computational efficiency while preserving solution optimality. Experiments on real-world data show that our framework significantly outperforms baseline strategies, achieving a 14.48% increase in order volume and revenue improvements ranging from 0.19% to 43.91%. The minimum-cost flow algorithm consistently outperforms the greedy approach, especially in large-scale instances. The proposed framework enables scalable and constraint-compliant marketing resource allocation in cross-border e-commerce. It not only improves sales performance but also ensures strict adherence to operational constraints, making it well-suited for large-scale commercial deployment. Full article

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27 pages, 1407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Locational Drivers of China’s Digital Creative Industries: Unveiling Regional Concentration and Sectoral Differences

by Xiaoyi Luo, Ni Gao and Xiaoming Yuan

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020123 - 1 Jun 2025

Viewed by 752

Abstract

The digital creative industry (DCI) has become an integral part of China’s strategic emerging industries. This paper, utilizing county-level data from Chinese digital creative enterprises in 2022, examines the locational factors influencing the spatial distribution of China’s DCI through Principal Component Analysis and [...] Read more.

The digital creative industry (DCI) has become an integral part of China’s strategic emerging industries. This paper, utilizing county-level data from Chinese digital creative enterprises in 2022, examines the locational factors influencing the spatial distribution of China’s DCI through Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The findings indicate that technological innovation and the level of economic development universally and dominantly influence the agglomeration of all DCI sub-sectors. Service-oriented digital creative enterprises are more likely to cluster in areas with abundant cultural resources and public facilities, with government policies and financial subsidies playing a significant role. In contrast, digital creative equipment manufacturing companies are more likely to locate in proximity to market demand and related industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Exploring the Future of Creative Economy: Transforming Creative Industries through Innovation, Technology and Enhanced Consumer Engagement)

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13 pages, 826 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products

by Jasmin Ebert, Peter Winzer and Carina Müller

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020122 - 1 Jun 2025

Viewed by 374

Abstract

Willingness to pay (WTP) measurements often contain a hypothetical bias (HB) when participants’ responses result from ‘fictitious’ survey scenarios rather than actual purchasing behavior or field studies. This discrepancy usually leads to inaccurate WTP values, which affect pricing strategies. Our quantitative online survey [...] Read more.

Willingness to pay (WTP) measurements often contain a hypothetical bias (HB) when participants’ responses result from ‘fictitious’ survey scenarios rather than actual purchasing behavior or field studies. This discrepancy usually leads to inaccurate WTP values, which affect pricing strategies. Our quantitative online survey with German consumers (N = 215) examines the HB of WTP for different mobile phone plans as an example of a widespread consumer good. The aim is to focus on the correlation between hypothetical and actual WTP and the influence of socio-demographic factors on the HB. We used the Certainty Approach to correct hypothetical WTP data to reflect actual payment behavior. The findings show that hypothetical WTP values are generally higher than current expenditure, which demonstrates that HB significantly affects WTP measurements in the context of mobile communications products. The applied Certainty Approach successfully reduced this discrepancy. We found a moderate negative correlation between actual WTP and the extent of the HB, indicating that higher actual WTP is associated with lower bias. Moreover, socio-demographic factors such as age and income do not significantly influence the HB. This study suggests pricing strategies should consider HB-adjusted WTP values to avoid management decisions based on inflated hypothetical data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends and Innovations in Electronic and Mobile Business: Navigating New Frontiers in E-commerce and Beyond)

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25 pages, 1628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robust AI for Financial Fraud Detection in the GCC: A Hybrid Framework for Imbalance, Drift, and Adversarial Threats

by Khaleel Ibrahim Al-Daoud and Ibrahim A. Abu-AlSondos

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(2), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020121 - 1 Jun 2025

Viewed by 978

Abstract

The rising complexity of financial fraud in highly digitalized regions such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) poses challenging issues owing to class imbalance, adversarial attacks, concept drift, and explainability requirements. This paper suggests a hybrid machine-learning framework (HMLF) that incorporates SMOTEBoost and [...] Read more.

The rising complexity of financial fraud in highly digitalized regions such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) poses challenging issues owing to class imbalance, adversarial attacks, concept drift, and explainability requirements. This paper suggests a hybrid machine-learning framework (HMLF) that incorporates SMOTEBoost and cost-sensitive learning to address imbalances, adversarial training and FraudGAN to ensure robustness, DDM and ADWIN to achieve adaptive learning, and SHAP, LIME, and human-in-the-loop (HITL) analysis to ensure explainability. Employing real transaction data from the GCC banks, the framework is tested through a design science research approach. Experiments illustrate significant gains in fraud recall (from 35% to 85%), adversarial robustness (attack success rate decreased from 35% to 5%), and drift recovery (within 24 h), while retaining operational latency below 150 milliseconds. This paper substantiates that incorporating technical resilience with institutional constraints offers an auditable, scalable, and regulation-compliant solution for detecting fraud in high-risk financial contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Artificial Intelligence Applications in Financial Technology, 2nd Edition)

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