The MET receptor is one of the main drivers of ‘invasive growth’, a multifaceted biological response essential during embryonic development and tissue repair that is usurped by cancer cells to induce and sustain the malignant phenotype. M...
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are rapidly emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy by inducing the degradation of tumor-overexpressing oncogenic proteins. They can specifically catalyze the degradation of target onco...
In recent years, to treat a diverse array of cancer forms, considerable advancements have been achieved in the field of cancer immunotherapies. However, these therapies encounter multiple challenges in clinical practice, such as high immune-mediated...
The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has entered into a new era of immunotherapy. Novel immunotherapies will significantly improve patient outcome via simultaneously targeting malignant plasma cell (PC) and reversing immunocompromised bone marrow (...
Immunotherapeutic approaches, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion, have significantly improved the prognosis of leukemia patients. Further efforts are now focusing on the development of immunotherapies that ar...
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a malignant tumor, resulting from mutations in melanocytes of the skin and mucous membranes. Its mortality rate accounts for 90% of all dermatologic tumor mortality. Traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and...
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are capable of exerting anti-cancer effects by a variety of mechanisms, including immune-mediated tumor cell death, highlighting their potential use in immunotherapy. Several adaptation mechanisms such as autophagy contribute...
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with distinct biological and clinical features. The clinical course of SCLC is generally characterised by initial sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapies, followed by early relapse and broad cross...
Esophageal cancer (EC) is among the most frequent and deadly cancers around the world. While esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has one of the fastest-growing incidences amongst cancers in the US, it also has one of the lowest survival rates due to the...
The fast evolution of anti-tumor agents embodies a deeper understanding of cancer pathogenesis. To date, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are three pillars of the paradigm for cancer treatment. The success of immune checkpoint inhibi...
A wide variety of therapeutic approaches and technologies for delivering therapeutic agents have been investigated for treating cancer. Recently, immunotherapy has achieved success in cancer treatment. Successful clinical results of immunotherapeutic...
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and it is a molecularly diverse disease. Heterogeneity can be observed in a wide range of cell types with varying morphologies and behaviors. Molecular classifications are broadly u...
Using genetic engineering a humanized Fab fragment with specificity for CD19 was fused to a disulfide-stabilized single-chain antibody (dsFv) recognizing CD5. This format should show reduced immunogenicity and improved tissue penetration. The specifi...
Antitumor therapies have made great strides in recent decades. Chemotherapy, aggressive and unable to discriminate cancer from healthy cells, has given way to personalized treatments that, recognizing and blocking specific molecular targets, have pav...
Immunotherapy is a hot area in cancer treatment, and one of the keys to this therapy is the identification of the right tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigen. Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is an emerging tumour-associated antigen that i...
Melanoma possesses invasive metastatic growth patterns and is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer. In 2021, it is estimated that 7180 deaths were attributed to melanoma in the United States alone. Once melanoma metastasizes, traditional t...
The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer has dramatically changed over the last decade through the use of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Implementation of these treatment regimens relies on detailed knowledge regarding each tumor’s...
Immunotherapy is rapidly emerging as a promising approach against cancer. In the last decade, various immunological mechanisms have been targeted to induce an increase in the immune response against cancer cells. However, despite promising results, m...
The incorporation of novel agents in recent treatments in multiple myeloma (MM) has improved the clinical outcome of patients. Specifically, the approval of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD38 (daratumumab) and SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) in relapsed and...
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have redefined cancer treatment. While they have enhanced tumor response and improved survival rates in many cancer types, toxicities continue to occur, and these often involve the oral cavity. Broadly reported as &...
Primary brain tumors are a leading cause of death worldwide and are characterized by extraordinary heterogeneity and high invasiveness. Current drug and radiotherapy therapies combined with surgical approaches tend to increase the five-year survival...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and 20% of patients with CRC present at diagnosis with metastases. The treatment of metastatic CRC is based on a fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy plus addit...
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous, clonal hematological disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia, morphologic dysplasia, and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell genomic instability, microenv...
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a rare pathology and can be divided into four major subgroups: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. In the era of precision oncology, the...
Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells, with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and...
As clinical efforts towards breast-conserving therapy and prolonging survival of those with metastatic breast cancer increase, innovative approaches with the use of biologics are on the rise. Two areas of current focus are cancer immunotherapy and au...
BRAF-mutant melanoma patients can be treated with targeted therapy or immunotherapies, and it is not clear which should be provided first. Targeted treatments do not work in up to one-third of cases, while immunotherapies may only be effective in up...
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors both in clinical trials and, in selected patients, at the single patien...
Gastric cancer is a global health concern, ranking fifth in cancer diagnoses and fourth in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements in diagnosis, most cases are detected at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. However, rec...
Despite the progress of surgery, radiotherapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the prognosis for advanced sinonasal cancers (SNCs) remains poor. In the era of precision medicine, more research has been conducted on the molecular pathways and recurrent...
Background. Brain metastases are one of the leading causes of death in melanoma patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to look at the variables that affect melanoma patients’ intracranial treatment responses to immunotherapy a...
Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that exploits the capacity of the body’s immune system to prevent, control, and remove cancer. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and significantly improved patient outcomes for several tumor t...
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. H...
Background: Biliary tract cancer is one of the most aggressive and fatal tumours. Gemcitabine with cisplatin chemotherapy has long been the first-line treatment, but the prognosis is poor. In recent years, targeted treatment and immunotherapy have pr...
Cancer contains tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) that are resistant to therapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence has increased twice over the past few decades, while the incidence of other cancer types has trended downward globally....
Background/Objectives: As one of the intensely studied epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation plays a key role in tumours, including lung cancer. Hypermethylation in tumour suppressor genes or hypomethylation in oncogenes is an important event in...
Multimodality therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a complex and controversial issue, especially regarding optimal treatment regimens for patients with ipsilateral positive mediastinal nodes (N2 disease). Many trials inv...
PRAME or PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma is a testis-selective cancer testis antigen (CTA) with restricted expression in somatic tissues and re-expression in various cancers. It is one of the most widely studied CTAs and has been associa...
The immune system plays a major role in the surveillance and control of malignant cells, with the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) correlating with better patient prognosis in multiple tumor types. The development of ‘checkpoin...
Myasthenia gravis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are among the most widely recognized autoimmune neuromuscular disorders. Although they differ in clinical presentation, shared immunopathogen...
Immunotherapy has dramatically improved outcomes for some cancer patients; however, novel treatments are needed for more patients to achieve a long-lasting response. FAP-targeted molecular radiotherapy has shown efficacy in both preclinical and clini...
Despite significant advancements in the development of novel therapies, cancer continues to stand as a prominent global cause of death. In many cases, the cornerstone of standard-of-care therapy consists of chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), or a...
Oncology immunotherapy has been a significant advancement in cancer treatment and involves harnessing and redirecting a patient’s immune response towards their own tumour. Specific recognition and elimination of tumour cells was first proposed...
Background: Gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumour (GNET), also known as clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of the gastrointestinal tract, is a rare neural crest-derived malignancy characterized by EWSR1-ATF1 or EWSR1-CREB1 fusions. Due to its rarity, there i...
Administration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) sensitized by cancer-associated antigens to the patient is applied to boost the T-cell mediated anti-tumor immune response. Loading moDCs with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and controlling th...
Cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoint proteins, such as PD-L1 or PD-1 (i [...]
This review describes the dramatic transformation that has occurred in the last ten years in the therapeutic landscape for hematologic malignancies, such as leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Treatment paradigms have quick...
The term “cancer stem cells” (CSCs) commonly refers to a subset of tumor cells endowed with stemness features, potentially involved in chemo-resistance and disease relapses. CSCs may present peculiar immunogenic features influencing their homeostasis...
In the past decade, novel targeted therapy approaches, such as BTK inhibitors and Bcl2 blockers, and innovative treatments that regulate the immune response against cancer cells, such as monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cell therapy, and immunomodulatory...
Malaria remains a critical global health issue due to high mortality rates, drug resistance, and low treatment efficacy. The genetic variability of Plasmodium proteins complicates the development of long-lasting immunity, as it impedes the human immu...
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