Stroke-induced spasticity is a prevalent condition affecting stroke survivors, significantly impacting their quality of life. Botulinum Toxin A injections are widely used for its management, yet the long-term effects and optimal management strategies...
Spasticity, following the neurological disorder of cerebral palsy (CP), describes a pathological condition, the central feature of which is involuntary and prolonged muscle contraction. The persistent resistance of spastic muscles to stretching is of...
Background: Focal mechanical vibration therapy has gained attention as a potential intervention to improve motor function while decreasing spasticity and pain in post-stroke patients. Despite promising results, there remains variability in study desi...
Spasticity is a well-known motor dysfunction occurring after a stroke. A group of Italian physicians’ experts in treating post-stroke spasticity (PSS) reviewed the current scientific evidence concerning the state-of-the-art clinical management...
Background: Spasticity is a motor disorder frequently encountered after a lesion involving the central nervous system. It is hypothesized to arise from an anarchic reorganization of the pyramidal and parapyramidal fibers and leads to hypertonia and h...
This retrospective study investigates botulinum toxin changes in 206 patients with spasticity, following reimbursement adjustments in France. The main objective was to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of these changes, a topic underexplored due to...
Spasticity is a common comorbidity of spinal cord injury (SCI) that is characterized by velocity dependent tone and spasms manifested by uninhibited reflex activity of muscles below the level of injury. For some, spasticity can be beneficial and faci...
Many patients with spasticity report pain which can be debilitating. Numerous studies have shown onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) is efficacious in the management of spasticity but comprehensive data on its impact on spasticity-associated pain is limited...
Botulinum toxin type A is a first-line treatment for post-stroke spasticity, with selective action at nerve endings and minimal effects beyond the injection site. However, concerns about potential adverse reactions due to toxin diffusion and spread c...
(1) Background: Telemedicine is a vital tool for enhancing healthcare accessibility and outcomes at reduced costs. This study aimed to assess the usability of the Maia Connected Care telemedicine platform for managing spasticity in patients receiving...
This article aims to provide a concise overview of the best available evidence for managing post-stroke spasticity. A modified scoping review, conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), involv...
Post-stroke spasticity (PSS), characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, affects a significant portion of stroke patients and presents a substantial obstacle to post-stroke rehabilitation. Effective manage...
In many patients after stroke, spasticity develops over time, resulting in a decrease in the patient’s independence, pain, worsening mood, and, consequently, lower quality of life. In the last ten years, a rich arsenal of physical agents to red...
Spasticity, characterized by elevated muscle tone, is commonly managed with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). However, BTX-A can paradoxically increase passive muscle forces, narrow muscles’ length range of force exertion (lrange), and elevate ex...
Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system, leading to debilitating spasticity. Managing spasticity in MS remains a challenge, and intrathecal bacl...
Background/Objectives: The objective of this review is to document the modalities to enhance the neuromuscular effects of botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection in spastic patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We conducted a literature review foc...
Background: Hip fractures and strokes are prevalent and escalating issues in geriatric healthcare. The absence of standardized surgical protocols for patients with spastic hemiparesis and multiple comorbidities presents a significant medical challeng...
This study aimed to explore the potential role of artificial intelligence in optimizing botulinum toxin type A treatment for spasticity and to evaluate its alignment with expert clinical decisions. A comparative analysis was conducted using thirty hy...
Our purpose is to emphasize the role of botulinum toxin in spasticity therapy and functional recovery in patients following strokes. Our retrospective study compared two groups, namely ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. The study group (BT gro...
Therapies for children with cerebral palsy (CP) often fail to address essential components of early rehabilitation: intensity, child initiation, and an embodied approach. Sitting Together And Reaching To Play (START-Play) addresses these issues while...
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections improve muscle tone and range of motion (ROM) among stroke patients with upper limb spasticity. However, the efficacy of BTX-A injections for improving active function is unclear. We aimed to determine whethe...
Dry needling (DN) is an emerging technique commonly used in neurological and musculoskeletal pain conditions, but there have been no previous studies in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This trial aims to assess the efficacy of deep DN, compa...
There is extensive literature supporting the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) for the treatment of post-stroke spasticity, however, there remain gaps in the routine management of patients with post-stroke spasticity. A panel of 21 Italian experts...
Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to expose the ability of neurophysiotherapeutic management to reduce spasticity through a modified Ashworth Scale. Methods: The sample, consisting of 102 subjects divided into control and study g...
Spasticity of the upper extremity can result in severe pain, along with many complications that can impair a patient’s activities of daily living. Failure to treat patients with spasticity of the upper limb can result in a decrease in the range...
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been suggested as an alternative treatment for reducing spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the duration of its effect was rarely known. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate th...
Stiff knee gait (SKG) is defined as decreased knee flexion during the swing phase. It is one of the most common gait disorders following stroke. Knee extensor spasticity is commonly accepted as the primary cause. Clinical management has focused on th...
Spasticity is a common complication after spinal cord injury (SCI) that significantly diminishes quality of life and complicates daily management. As a hallmark of upper motor neuron lesions, spasticity emerges through a complex post-injury process i...
The objective of this article is to introduce the GO-FAST Tool (developed by the Toxnet group) to clinicians working in the field of neurological rehabilitation, specifically post-stroke spasticity management. The concepts utilized in the Tool and de...
Background: Aquatic therapy (AT), immersion in hot water, and supported standing are frequently used to manage spasticity, contractures, and joint retractions in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Recently, the use of exoskeletons has been offering a...
Botulinum toxin type A1 is a first-line treatment for adult and pediatric spasticity. However, when considering the quantity of 150 kDa neurotoxin protein in relation to patient weight and the maximum recommended dose for treating adult and pediatric...
Background: Spasticity, a hallmark of quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP), severely impacts mobility and quality of life. While exercise is known to enhance fitness and motor function in individuals with CP, its specific efficacy in reducing upper extre...
Introduction: Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) significantly impacts the quality of life for stroke survivors. While various treatments exist, options for refractory cases are limited. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (pPNS), c...
Internally rotated and adducted shoulder is a common posture in upper limb spasticity. Selective peripheral neurectomy is a useful and viable surgical technique to ameliorate spasticity, and the lateral pectoral nerve (LPN) could be a potential good...
Botulinum toxin injections may significantly improve lower limb kinematics in gait of children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Here we aimed to analyze the effect of lower limb botulinum toxin injections on trunk postural control and lower limb...
Ultrasound (US)-guided botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are becoming a mainstay in the treatment of muscle spasticity in upper motor neuron syndromes. As a result, there has been a commensurate increase in US-guided BoNT injection for spasticit...
Spasticity is a common issue among children, especially those with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical procedure that is often used to decrease lower limb rigidity, alongside other treatment options s...
Background and Objectives: Spasticity is one of the factors that make it more difficult to control posture in stroke patients. Taping has been used to manage muscle stiffness in various musculoskeletal disorders. Recently, it has been used to decreas...
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is commonly used to manage focal spasticity in stroke survivors. This study aimed to a perform comprehensive assessment of the effects of BoNT injection. Twelve stroke subjects with spastic hemiplegia (age: 52.0 ± 1...
Transcutaneous spinal stimulation (TSS) and whole-body vibration (WBV) each have a robust ability to activate spinal afferents. Both forms of stimulation have been shown to influence spasticity in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), and may be via...
Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections play a critical role in the management of upper limb spasticity. This is the second part of ‘The Elias University Hospital Approach: A Visual Guide to Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxi...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as an autoimmune disease that damages the neurons in the central nervous system. MS is characterized by its most common symptoms of spasticity, muscle spasms, neuropathic pain, tremors, bladder dysfunction, dysarthria...
Context: Spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) is a condition characterized by muscle stiffness and involuntary movements, which greatly affect movement abilities and overall well-being. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has emerged as a treatment option for man...
Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections have become an essential tool in the management of lower limb spasticity. Following our previous work, which focused on upper limb muscles, this third part provides a detailed visual guide...
Background: Equinus deformity with or without concomitant drop foot is a common finding in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy and spastic hemiplegia of other causes. Hypothetically, these deformities may lead to pelvic retraction and hip...
Spasticity is one of the most disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Botulinum toxin injection (BTI) is a first-line treatment for focal spasticity. There is a lack of evidence of a functional improvement following BTI in MS-related spasticit...
The tibialis posterior muscle is a frequent target for injection of botulinum toxin during the management of spastic equinovarus foot in adults with post-stroke spasticity. Although it is deep-seated, the needle insertion into the tibialis posterior...
Background: Spasticity is a complex and multifactorial condition resulting from upper motor neuron injury. It manifests through muscle contractions, pain, limited range of motion, and clonus, which significantly impair daily activities and quality of...
Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) has emerged as a key therapeutic agent for the management of spasticity. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of research concerning BoNT-A treatment of spasticity to elucidate current t...
The motor behaviour of patients with Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome (UMNS) is characterised by spasticity. The first-line treatment for this clinical condition is Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA), but the number and key locations of muscles which need to...
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