Skip Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

226 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
21,182 Views
17 Pages

Automated Global Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping Using Google Earth Engine

  • Jiwei Li,
  • David E. Knapp,
  • Mitchell Lyons,
  • Chris Roelfsema,
  • Stuart Phinn,
  • Steven R. Schill and
  • Gregory P. Asner

10 April 2021

Global shallow water bathymetry maps offer critical information to inform activities such as scientific research, environment protection, and marine transportation. Methods that employ satellite-based bathymetric modeling provide an alternative to co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,634 Views
21 Pages

29 June 2023

Directing shallow-water waves and their energy is highly desired in many ocean engineering applications. Coastal infrastructures can be protected by reflecting shallow-water waves to deep water. Wave energy harvesting efficiency can be improved by fo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,713 Views
19 Pages

27 November 2022

Accurate shallow water bathymetry data are essential for coastal construction and management, marine traffic, and shipping. With the development of remote sensing satellites and sensors, the satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) method has been widely u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
626 Views
32 Pages

Effects of Irregular Bathymetry on Hologram Formation of Moving Source in Shallow Water

  • Sergey Pereselkov,
  • Venedikt Kuz’kin,
  • Matthias Ehrhardt,
  • Sergey Tkachenko,
  • Alexey Pereselkov and
  • Nikolay Ladykin

14 September 2025

This paper examines the effect of irregular bathymetry on the holographic reconstruction of the sound field generated by a moving source in shallow water. In this scenario, acoustic waves propagate along the path between the source and receiver. Spat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,983 Views
23 Pages

Shallow Water Bathymetry Inversion Based on Machine Learning Using ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 Data

  • Mengying Ye,
  • Changbao Yang,
  • Xuqing Zhang,
  • Sixu Li,
  • Xiaoran Peng,
  • Yuyang Li and
  • Tianyi Chen

7 December 2024

Shallow water bathymetry is essential for maritime navigation, environmental monitoring, and coastal management. While traditional methods such as sonar and airborne LiDAR provide high accuracy, their high cost and time-consuming nature limit their a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
606 Views
30 Pages

29 November 2025

Water depth in shallow marine environments is a fundamental parameter for oceanographic research and coastal engineering applications. High-resolution satellite imagery and long-term medium-resolution imagery offer significant potential for detailed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,926 Views
24 Pages

13 April 2025

Optically shallow waters (OSW) enable water depth retrieval through passive optical remote sensing, benefiting from the relatively low attenuation of the water column. However, in OSW environments, remote sensing reflectance is influenced by multiple...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,891 Views
34 Pages

Use of ICEsat-2 and Sentinel-2 Open Data for the Derivation of Bathymetry in Shallow Waters: Case Studies in Sardinia and in the Venice Lagoon

  • Massimo Bernardis,
  • Roberto Nardini,
  • Lorenza Apicella,
  • Maurizio Demarte,
  • Matteo Guideri,
  • Bianca Federici,
  • Alfonso Quarati and
  • Monica De Martino

5 June 2023

Despite the high accuracy of conventional acoustic hydrographic systems, measurement of the seabed along coastal belts is still a complex problem due to the limitations arising from shallow water. In addition to traditional echo sounders, airborne Li...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
7,239 Views
18 Pages

Fusion of Drone-Based RGB and Multi-Spectral Imagery for Shallow Water Bathymetry Inversion

  • Evangelos Alevizos,
  • Dimitrios Oikonomou,
  • Athanasios V. Argyriou and
  • Dimitrios D. Alexakis

24 February 2022

Shallow bathymetry inversion algorithms have long been applied in various types of remote sensing imagery with relative success. However, this approach requires that imagery with increased radiometric resolution in the visible spectrum be available....

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,223 Views
26 Pages

27 August 2024

This study is structured to address the problem of mapping the bottom of shallow and ultra-shallow inland water bodies using high-resolution satellite imagery. These environments, with their diverse distribution of optically relevant components, pose...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,304 Views
16 Pages

13 February 2025

High-resolution water depth data are of great significance in island research and coastal ecosystem monitoring. However, the acquisition of high-resolution imagery has been a challenge due to the difficulties and high costs associated with obtaining...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,957 Views
20 Pages

21 March 2023

Detection, classification, and localization (DCL) techniques are being developed around the use of a phase-measuring sidescan sonar (PMSS) in very shallow waters. The instrument simultaneously collects co-located sidescan imagery and bathymetry in ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,850 Views
19 Pages

29 August 2023

Nearshore bathymetry plays an essential role in various applications, and satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) presents a promising approach due to its extensive coverage and comprehensive bathymetric map production capabilities. Nevertheless, existing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
7,674 Views
21 Pages

The Contribution of Multispectral Satellite Image to Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping on the Coast of Misano Adriatico, Italy

  • Anselme Muzirafuti,
  • Giovanni Barreca,
  • Antonio Crupi,
  • Giancarlo Faina,
  • Diego Paltrinieri,
  • Stefania Lanza and
  • Giovanni Randazzo

16 February 2020

The results of absolute satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) are presented in the current study. A comparative analysis was conducted on empirical methods in order to explore the potential of SDB in shallow water on the coast of Misano, Italy. Operatio...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,702 Views
29 Pages

18 June 2025

There is a growing need for accurate bathymetric mapping in many water-related scientific disciplines. Accurate and up-to-date data are essential for both shallow and deep areas. In this article, methods and techniques for shallow water mapping have...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,147 Views
19 Pages

29 November 2022

Short-term changes in shallow bathymetry affect the coastal zone, and therefore their monitoring is an essential task in coastal planning projects. This study provides a novel approach for monitoring shallow bathymetry changes based on drone multispe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
203 Citations
18,240 Views
19 Pages

Satellite Derived Bathymetry Using Machine Learning and Multi-Temporal Satellite Images

  • Tatsuyuki Sagawa,
  • Yuta Yamashita,
  • Toshio Okumura and
  • Tsutomu Yamanokuchi

14 May 2019

Shallow water bathymetry is important for nautical navigation to avoid stranding, as well as for the scientific simulation of high tide and high waves in coastal areas. Although many studies have been conducted on satellite derived bathymetry (SDB),...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,573 Views
23 Pages

17 September 2020

Bathymetric surveys are of great importance for submarine topography mapping and coastal construction projects. They are also of great significance for terrain surveys of islands and coastal zones, maritime navigation and marine management planning....

  • Article
  • Open Access
71 Citations
6,300 Views
19 Pages

Evaluation of a Statistical Approach for Extracting Shallow Water Bathymetry Signals from ICESat-2 ATL03 Photon Data

  • Heidi Ranndal,
  • Philip Sigaard Christiansen,
  • Pernille Kliving,
  • Ole Baltazar Andersen and
  • Karina Nielsen

6 September 2021

In this study we present and validate a simple empirical method to obtain bathymetry profiles using the geolocated photon data from the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission, which was launched by NASA in September 2018. The s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,262 Views
15 Pages

A Combined Approach for Retrieving Bathymetry from Aerial Stereo RGB Imagery

  • Jiali Wang,
  • Ming Chen,
  • Weidong Zhu,
  • Liting Hu and
  • Yasong Wang

7 February 2022

Shallow water bathymetry is critical in understanding and managing marine ecosystems. Bathymetric inversion models using airborne/satellite multispectral data are an efficient way to retrieve shallow bathymetry due to the affordable cost of airborne/...

  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Citations
6,922 Views
20 Pages

11 February 2022

Airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB) has proven to be an effective technology for shallow water mapping. To collect data with a high point density, a lightweight dual-wavelength LiDAR system mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) was developed. This s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,253 Views
23 Pages

15 July 2022

Accurate bathymetric and topographical information is crucial for coastal and marine applications. In the past decades, owing to its low cost and high efficiency, satellite-derived bathymetry has been widely used to estimate the depth of shallow wate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
1,772 Views
21 Pages

13 January 2025

In the active–passive fusion-based bathymetry inversion method using single-temporal images, image data often suffer from errors due to inadequate atmospheric correction and interference from neighboring land and water pixels. This results in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,671 Views
32 Pages

Deriving Coastal Shallow Bathymetry from Sentinel 2-, Aircraft- and UAV-Derived Orthophotos: A Case Study in Ligurian Marinas

  • Lorenza Apicella,
  • Monica De Martino,
  • Ilaria Ferrando,
  • Alfonso Quarati and
  • Bianca Federici

Bathymetric surveys of shallow waters are increasingly necessary for navigational safety and environmental studies. In situ surveys with floating acoustic sensors allow the collection of high-accuracy bathymetric data. However, such surveys are often...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
7,734 Views
24 Pages

Pushing the Limits of Seagrass Remote Sensing in the Turbid Waters of Elkhorn Slough, California

  • Heidi M. Dierssen,
  • Kelley J. Bostrom,
  • Adam Chlus,
  • Kamille Hammerstrom,
  • David R. Thompson and
  • Zhongping Lee

12 July 2019

Remote sensing imagery has been successfully used to map seagrass in clear waters, but here we evaluate the advantages and limitations of different remote sensing techniques to detect eelgrass in the tidal embayment of Elkhorn Slough, CA. Pseudo true...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,447 Views
26 Pages

Accuracy and Precision of Shallow-Water Photogrammetry from the Sea Surface

  • Elisa Casella,
  • Giovanni Scicchitano and
  • Alessio Rovere

19 November 2024

Mapping shallow-water bathymetry and morphology represents a technical challenge. In fact, acoustic surveys are limited by water depths reachable by boat, and airborne surveys have high costs. Photogrammetric approaches (either via drone or from the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,430 Views
21 Pages

3D Ocean Water Wave Surface Analysis on Airborne LiDAR Bathymetric Point Clouds

  • Sajjad Roshandel,
  • Weiquan Liu,
  • Cheng Wang and
  • Jonathan Li

30 September 2021

Water wave monitoring is a vital issue for coastal research and plays a key role in geomorphological changes, erosion and sediment transportation, coastal hazards, risk assessment, and decision making. However, despite missing data and the difficulty...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,249 Views
21 Pages

Bathymetry Development and Flow Analyses Using Two-Dimensional Numerical Modeling Approach for Lake Victoria

  • Seema Paul,
  • Jesper Oppelstrup,
  • Roger Thunvik,
  • John Mango Magero,
  • David Ddumba Walakira and
  • Vladimir Cvetkovic

10 October 2019

This study explored two-dimensional (2D) numerical hydrodynamic model simulations of Lake Victoria. Several methods were developed in Matlab to build the lake topography. Old depth soundings taken in smaller parts of the lake were combined with more...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,066 Views
18 Pages

Refraction-Aware Structure from Motion for Airborne Bathymetry

  • Alexandros Makris,
  • Vassilis C. Nicodemou,
  • Evangelos Alevizos,
  • Iason Oikonomidis,
  • Dimitrios D. Alexakis and
  • Anastasios Roussos

15 November 2024

In this work, we introduce the first pipeline that combines a refraction-aware structure from motion (SfM) method with a deep learning model specifically designed for airborne bathymetry. We accurately estimate the 3D positions of the submerged point...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,898 Views
24 Pages

21 July 2017

All empirical water column correction methods have consistently been reported to require existing depth sounding data for the purpose of calibrating a simple depth retrieval model; they yield poor results over very bright or very dark bottoms. In con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,173 Views
19 Pages

19 September 2019

The skills of the Normalized Scalar Product (NSP) strategy, commonly used to estimate the wave field, as well as bathymetry and sea-surface current, from X-band radar images, are investigated with the aim to better understand coastal inundation durin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
91 Citations
15,366 Views
17 Pages

Integrating Sensors into a Marine Drone for Bathymetric 3D Surveys in Shallow Waters

  • Francesco Giordano,
  • Gaia Mattei,
  • Claudio Parente,
  • Francesco Peluso and
  • Raffaele Santamaria

29 December 2015

This paper demonstrates that accurate data concerning bathymetry as well as environmental conditions in shallow waters can be acquired using sensors that are integrated into the same marine vehicle. An open prototype of an unmanned surface vessel (US...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
10,164 Views
20 Pages

28 January 2022

The aim of this paper is to present a method of determining sound speed in water, based on temperature measurements executed by means of a laboratory low-cost thermometer with a probe provided with a long cable. It has been assumed that the salinity...

  • Article
  • Open Access
516 Views
25 Pages

14 November 2025

Conventional pixel-wise satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) models face dual challenges: physical ambiguity from variable water quality and spatial incoherence from ignoring geographic context. This study addresses these limitations by proposing and v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,685 Views
17 Pages

6 August 2021

Pearl River Delta (PRD), as one of the most densely populated regions in the world, is facing both natural changes (e.g., sea level rise) and human-induced changes (e.g., dredging for navigation and land reclamation). Bathymetric information is thus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,511 Views
20 Pages

Shallow Water Bathymetry Retrieval Using a Band-Optimization Iterative Approach: Application to New Caledonia Coral Reef Lagoons Using Sentinel-2 Data

  • Sélim Amrari,
  • Emmanuel Bourassin,
  • Serge Andréfouët,
  • Benoit Soulard,
  • Hugues Lemonnier and
  • Romain Le Gendre

14 October 2021

To achieve high accuracy bathymetry retrieval using remote sensing images with robust performance in a 0 to 25 m-deep lagoon with sharp bottom depth variations, a new Iterative Multiple Band Ratio (IMBR) algorithm is tested against known Multiple Ban...

  • Article
  • Open Access
933 Views
25 Pages

An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data

  • Lei Kuang,
  • Mingquan Liu,
  • Dongfang Zhang,
  • Chengjun Li and
  • Lihe Wu

30 June 2025

The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) employs a photon-counting detection mode with a 532 nm laser to obtain high-precision Earth surface elevation data and offers a new r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,031 Views
25 Pages

Development of a Digital Twin of the Harbour Waters and Surrounding Infrastructure Based on Spatial Data Acquired with Multimodal and Multi-Sensor Mapping Systems

  • Arkadiusz Tomczak,
  • Grzegorz Stępień,
  • Tomasz Kogut,
  • Łukasz Jedynak,
  • Grzegorz Zaniewicz,
  • Małgorzata Łącka and
  • Izabela Bodus-Olkowska

31 December 2024

Digital twin is an attractive technology for the representation of objects due to its ability to produce precise measurements and their geovisualisation. Of special interest is the application and fusion of various remote sensing techniques for shall...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
6,646 Views
20 Pages

Port Bathymetry Mapping Using Support Vector Machine Technique and Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery

  • Vanesa Mateo-Pérez,
  • Marina Corral-Bobadilla,
  • Francisco Ortega-Fernández and
  • Eliseo P. Vergara-González

27 June 2020

Knowledge of the free draft of ports is essential for the adequate management of ports. To maintain these drafts, it is necessary to carry out dredging periodically, and to conduct bathymetries using traditional techniques, such as echo sounding. How...

  • Review
  • Open Access
393 Citations
42,470 Views
34 Pages

12 October 2009

Sun glint, the specular reflection of light from water surfaces, is a serious confounding factor for remote sensing of water column properties and benthos. This paper reviews current techniques to estimate and remove the glint radiance component from...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
11,011 Views
19 Pages

19 April 2017

Sound navigating and ranging (SONAR) detection systems can provide valuable information for navigation and security, especially in shallow coastal areas. The last few years have seen an important increase in the volume of bathymetric data produced by...

  • Article
  • Open Access
932 Views
21 Pages

Shallow Bathymetry from Hyperspectral Imagery Using 1D-CNN: An Innovative Methodology for High Resolution Mapping

  • Steven Martínez Vargas,
  • Sibila A. Genchi,
  • Alejandro J. Vitale and
  • Claudio A. Delrieux

30 October 2025

The combined application of machine or deep learning algorithms and hyperspectral imagery for bathymetry estimation is currently an emerging field with widespread uses and applications. This research topic still requires further investigation to achi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,106 Views
17 Pages

Using UAVs and Photogrammetry in Bathymetric Surveys in Shallow Waters

  • Alexandre Almeida Del Savio,
  • Ana Luna Torres,
  • Mónica Alejandra Vergara Olivera,
  • Sara Rocio Llimpe Rojas,
  • Gianella Tania Urday Ibarra and
  • Alcindo Neckel

8 March 2023

The use of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) platforms and photogrammetry in bathymetric surveys has been established as a technological advancement that allows these activities to be conducted safely, more affordably, and at higher accuracy levels. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,268 Views
23 Pages

17 November 2023

Selecting a representative optical deep-water area is crucial for accurate satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) based on semi-theoretical and semi-empirical models. This study proposed a deep-water area selection method where potential areas were ident...

  • Review
  • Open Access
143 Citations
14,396 Views
32 Pages

Monitoring Beach Topography and Nearshore Bathymetry Using Spaceborne Remote Sensing: A Review

  • Edward Salameh,
  • Frédéric Frappart,
  • Rafael Almar,
  • Paulo Baptista,
  • Georg Heygster,
  • Bertrand Lubac,
  • Daniel Raucoules,
  • Luis Pedro Almeida,
  • Erwin W. J. Bergsma and
  • Benoit Laignel
  • + 8 authors

21 September 2019

With high anthropogenic pressure and the effects of climate change (e.g., sea level rise) on coastal regions, there is a greater need for accurate and up-to-date information about the topography of these systems. Reliable topography and bathymetry in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,072 Views
20 Pages

3 September 2025

The accurate monitoring of short-term bathymetric changes in shallow waters is essential for effective coastal management and planning. Machine Learning (ML) applied to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral imagery offers a rapid and cost...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
7,471 Views
31 Pages

24 September 2019

The determination of accurate bathymetric information is a key element for near offshore activities; hydrological studies, such as coastal engineering applications, sedimentary processes, hydrographic surveying, archaeological mapping and biological...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,960 Views
25 Pages

12 October 2024

Shallow water bathymetry is critical for environmental monitoring and maritime security. Current widely used statistical models based on passive optical satellite remote sensing often rely on prior bathymetric data, limiting their application to regi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,340 Views
17 Pages

Drone-Based Bathymetry Modeling for Mountainous Shallow Rivers in Taiwan Using Machine Learning

  • Chih-Hung Lee,
  • Li-Wei Liu,
  • Yu-Min Wang,
  • Jan-Mou Leu and
  • Chung-Ling Chen

11 July 2022

The river cross-section elevation data are an essential parameter for river engineering. However, due to the difficulty of mountainous river cross-section surveys, the existing bathymetry investigation techniques cannot be easily applied in a narrow...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
4,303 Views
14 Pages

23 October 2020

Mapping shallow bathymetry by means of optical remote sensing has been a challenging task of growing interest in recent years. Particularly, many studies exploit earlier empirical models together with the latest multispectral satellite imagery (e.g.,...

of 5