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61 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,266 Views
15 Pages

Effects of Grain Sprout Fertilizer Application Rate on Yield and Its Composition of Hybrid Middle Rice–Ratoon Rice System

  • Fuxian Xu,
  • Chi Yuan,
  • Dong Han,
  • Rong Xie,
  • Xingbing Zhou,
  • Peng Jiang,
  • Xiaoyi Guo,
  • Hong Xiong,
  • Lin Zhang and
  • Changchun Guo

17 May 2024

Enhancing yield and achieving environmental goals represent challenges for the future of agriculture. Rational nitrogen (N) management is one of the most promising ways to meet this challenge. However, complicated nitrogen management strategies and c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,819 Views
13 Pages

29 July 2022

The rice–ratoon rice cropping system has the advantages of saving labor and imparting economic benefits. Optimizing tillage and straw management is beneficial for improving ratoon rice growth and yield. In this study, field experiments were con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,705 Views
17 Pages

Integrating Nitrogen, Water, and Other Management Practices to Improve Grain and Ratoon Forage Yields in Perennial Rice

  • Fuxian Xu,
  • Dingbing Wang,
  • Xingbing Zhou,
  • Lin Zhang,
  • Xiaoyi Guo,
  • Mao Liu,
  • Yongchuan Zhu,
  • Hong Xiong,
  • Changchun Guo and
  • Peng Jiang

10 November 2024

Perennial rice has recently garnered global attention due to its potential to save on seeds and labor costs and its high production efficiency. The “mid-season rice–ratoon forage” mode is a new planting system that has emerged in re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,543 Views
12 Pages

Appropriate Stubble Height Can Effectively Improve the Rice Quality of Ratoon Rice

  • Wenju Yang,
  • Xu Mo,
  • Yiming Zhang,
  • Zihao Liu,
  • Qingwen Tang,
  • Jia Xu,
  • Sujun Pan,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Guanghui Chen and
  • Yajun Hu

30 April 2024

Ratoon rice, the cultivation of a second crop from the stubble after the main harvest, is recognized as an eco-friendly and resource-saving method for rice production. Here, a field experiment was carried out in the Yangtze River region to investigat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,366 Views
12 Pages

Variation in Starch Properties in Ratoon Rice and Their Relationship with Rice Quality

  • Chenqian Jiang,
  • Shuaijun Dai,
  • Dingguo Yang,
  • Liying Huang,
  • Xiaohai Tian,
  • Zhaoqiang Jin,
  • Shijie Shi,
  • Ke Liu and
  • Yunbo Zhang

23 September 2024

Ratoon rice is characterized by higher production combined with enhanced rice quality. However, the relationship between the differences in the structure and properties of the starch and variations in the ratoon season and rice quality is still uncle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,741 Views
11 Pages

23 September 2024

Ratoon rice represents a viable means to enhance rice production efficiency in terms of both area and time. Nonetheless, the development of specific varieties tailored for ratoon rice has been hindered by the complexity of trait considerations requir...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
12,305 Views
16 Pages

29 August 2014

Increasing and sustainable production of rice in tropical hill area is facing various problems where rice ratooning can overcome the limitations. In this study; 22 rice entries were transplanted into experimental tank placed in the hill slope followi...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,288 Views
8 Pages

Quality Characteristics of Noodles Processed from Rice Grains of the Ratoon Crop

  • Zhengwu Xiao,
  • Chengjing Liao,
  • Yuping Hu,
  • Keqian Zhang,
  • Jiana Chen,
  • Fangbo Cao,
  • Shengliang Fang and
  • Min Huang

4 November 2022

Rice noodles are usually manufactured using rice grains of the main crop. There is limited information available on rice noodles processed from ratoon rice grains. In this study, two-year field experiments were conducted to compare the cooking and te...

  • Article
  • Open Access
679 Views
13 Pages

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Quality Improvement Mechanisms in Ratoon Rice

  • Feiyan Xue,
  • Lele Ning,
  • Zhuangzhuang Qiang,
  • Xiaotong Fu and
  • Chenling Qu

19 August 2025

Ratoon rice offered higher yields and superior grain quality compared to main rice. This study compared differences in germination, chalkiness, and antioxidant enzyme activities between ratoon rice and main rice of cultivars 19X and NJXM, and analyze...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,291 Views
19 Pages

26 September 2023

Promoting ratoon rice is a critical measure for ensuring food security in China. Understanding the mechanism underlying farmers’ decision-making involving ratoon rice production may contribute to the design and implementation of extension polic...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,987 Views
33 Pages

Research Progress and Prospect of Mechanized Harvesting Technology in the First Season of Ratoon Rice

  • Jianwei Fu,
  • Chao Ji,
  • Haopeng Liu,
  • Weikang Wang,
  • Guozhong Zhang,
  • Yuan Gao,
  • Yong Zhou and
  • Mohamed Anwer Abdeen

The first seasonal harvest technology of ratoon rice requires the least rolling with suitable stubble height required by agronomy when the ratoon rice is nearly mature. Mechanized harvesting in the first season of ratoon rice needs to finish harvesti...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,227 Views
12 Pages

Ratoon Rice System of Production: A Rapid Growth Pattern of Multiple Cropping in China: A Review

  • Wenge Wu,
  • Zhong Li,
  • Min Xi,
  • Debao Tu,
  • Youzun Xu,
  • Yongjin Zhou and
  • Zhixing Zhang

30 September 2023

In this review, the significance of ratoon rice was introduced, and the research status and development trends of ratoon rice were also summarized. It is pointed out that mechanically harvested ratoon rice is the developing direction of future ratoon...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,400 Views
12 Pages

Effects of Cultivar Type and Node Position on Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics of Ratoon Rice

  • Shuai Yuan,
  • Yanfang Jiang,
  • Pingping Chen,
  • Naimei Tu,
  • Wenxin Zhou and
  • Zhenxie Yi

28 June 2024

The ratoon rice planting area is gradually expanding, and decreasing Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in ratoon rice is important for food safety and human health. In this study, conventional indica rice (HHZ, Huanghuazhan), three-line indica–japonica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,935 Views
16 Pages

Effects of Ratoon Rice Cropping Patterns on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield in Double-Season Rice Regions

  • Jinbiao Xiang,
  • Liusheng Zhong,
  • Zhixiong Yuan,
  • Liqin Liang,
  • Zhangzhen Yang,
  • Yanmei Xiao,
  • Zhiqiang Fu,
  • Pan Long,
  • Cheng Huang and
  • Ying Xu

31 May 2024

The ratoon rice cropping pattern is an alternative to the double-season rice cropping pattern in central China due to its comparable annual yield and relatively lower cost and labor requirements. However, the impact of the ratoon rice cropping patter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,571 Views
16 Pages

21 March 2024

Axillary bud outgrowth, a key factor in ratoon rice yield formation, is regulated by several phytohormone signals. The regulatory mechanism of key genes underlying ratoon buds in response to phytohormones in ratoon rice has been less reported. In thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
397 Views
17 Pages

19 November 2025

Ratoon rice plays a crucial role in sustainable rice production due to its potential for additional harvests; however, the genetic basis of its yield remains to be explored. In this study, we aimed to precisely dissect the genetic basis of yield in r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,084 Views
14 Pages

17 February 2025

Rice cultivated in cadmium (Cd)-polluted acidic paddy soil poses important health risks in China. Mitigating Cd accumulation in rice is of crucial importance for food safety and human health. In this study, using Chuangliangyou 669 as the ratoon rice...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,053 Views
14 Pages

29 June 2023

The rice-ratoon system has long been considered an important economic, time-saving, and labor-saving planting method. Optimal tillage and straw management are beneficial to increasing the growth and yield of recycled rice. However, there is little re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,476 Views
12 Pages

Border Effect on Ratoon Crop Yield in a Mechanized Rice Ratooning System

  • Yongjin Zhou,
  • Chang Zheng,
  • Gang Chen,
  • Run Hu,
  • Yalan Ji,
  • Youzun Xu and
  • Wenge Wu

20 January 2022

Yield loss of ratoon crops caused by the rolling damage to the left stubble from mechanically harvesting main crops has been reported in previous studies. However, limited attention has been paid to identify the effect of the mechanical harvesting of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,410 Views
18 Pages

8 December 2024

Ratoon rice can improve rice yield by increasing the multiple cropping index in China. However, the greenhouse gas (CH4 and N2O) emission characteristics from ratoon rice fields and the cultivation methods to reduce CH4 and N2O emissions are rarely r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,366 Views
17 Pages

Ratoon Rice Cropping Mitigates the Greenhouse Effect by Reducing CH4 Emissions through Reduction of Biomass during the Ratoon Season

  • Xiaojian Ren,
  • Kehui Cui,
  • Zhiming Deng,
  • Kaiyan Han,
  • Yuxuan Peng,
  • Jiyong Zhou,
  • Zhongbing Zhai,
  • Jianliang Huang and
  • Shaobing Peng

22 September 2023

The ratoon rice cropping system (RR) is developing rapidly in China due to its comparable annual yield and lower agricultural and labor inputs than the double rice cropping system (DR). Here, to further compare the greenhouse effects of RR and DR, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,698 Views
19 Pages

24 August 2023

Ratoon rice, an effective rice cultivation system, allows paddy rice to be harvested twice from the same stubble, playing an important role in ensuring food security and adapting to climate change with its unique growth characteristics. However, ther...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
881 Views
18 Pages

High Stubble Height Enhances Ratoon Rice Yield by Optimizing Light–Temperature Resource Utilization and Photothermal Quotient

  • Yin Zhang,
  • Tian Sheng,
  • Liyan Shang,
  • Beiyou Zhang,
  • Long Jin,
  • Fangfang Hou,
  • Matthew Tom Harrison,
  • Liying Huang,
  • Zhaoqiang Jin and
  • Xiaohai Tian
  • + 4 authors

18 July 2025

Ratoon rice is a sustainable planting model, and its yield is closely linked to the light and temperature use efficiency. The photothermal quotient (PQ), a key parameter for evaluating the light and temperature use efficiency, significantly influence...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,050 Views
19 Pages

Design and Parametric Optimization Study of an Eccentric Parallelogram-Type Uprighting Device for Ratoon Rice Stubbles

  • Shuaifeng Xing,
  • Yang Yu,
  • Guangqiao Cao,
  • Jinpeng Hu,
  • Linjun Zhu,
  • Junyu Liu,
  • Qinhao Wu,
  • Qibin Li and
  • Lizhang Xu

To address the issue of reduced yield in the second season caused by damaged stubbles resulting from being compressed during the harvesting process of the first season’s ratoon rice, a device for rectifying the compressed stubbles was designed....

  • Article
  • Open Access
233 Views
18 Pages

OsPM19L Coordinates Phytohormone Signaling to Regulate Axillary Bud Outgrowth and Regeneration in Ratoon Rice

  • Ruoxi Li,
  • Binbin Chi,
  • Wei Su,
  • Jing Chen,
  • Tianle Li,
  • Hao Ma and
  • Langtao Xiao

17 December 2025

Ratoon rice cultivation is an efficient production system that achieves a second harvest from the stubble of the main crop, but its yield potential is largely constrained by variation in axillary bud regeneration capacity. Here, we identify OsPM19L,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,550 Views
12 Pages

26 June 2023

The present study investigated the effects of different integrated cultivation treatments on the yield, nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEN), and growth performance of a ratoon rice system. A two-year field experiment was carried out during 2021&ndash...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,037 Views
18 Pages

Optimizing Fertilization Strategies to Reduce Carbon Footprints and Enhance Net Ecosystem Economic Benefits in Ratoon Rice Systems

  • Zijuan Ding,
  • Jin Zeng,
  • Zhilong He,
  • Bo Zhu,
  • Jiangwen Nie,
  • Yong Zhou,
  • Mengdie Jiang and
  • Zhangyong Liu

Ratoon rice is a planting system that efficiently utilizes temperature and light resources. However, multiple fertilization applications are typically required to maintain stable rice yields. Improper fertilization not only poses challenges to scarce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
1,176 Views
22 Pages

19 November 2024

To solve the problem of the high loss rate of threshing devices during the mechanical harvesting of ratoon rice, we propose a method using the principle of rigid–flexible coupling in this paper to reduce losses. Through analysis of the forces a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,386 Views
17 Pages

14 November 2024

The sustainability of rice-cropping systems hinges on balancing resources, output, and environmental impacts. China is revitalizing the ancient ratoon rice (RR) system for input savings and environmental benefits. Prior research has explored the RR s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,083 Views
12 Pages

Moldboard Plowing with Direct Seeding Improves Soil Properties and Sustainable Productivity in Ratoon Rice Farmland in Southern China

  • Evans Asenso,
  • Luyong Zhang,
  • Lingmao Tang,
  • Fuseini Issaka,
  • Kai Tian,
  • Jiuhao Li and
  • Lian Hu

18 November 2019

Several tillage and planting methods have been proposed to enhance the soil bulk density, biological community, and grain yield of rice. In this work, we present the impact of plowing methods with different rice crop establishment approaches, i.e., m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,106 Views
17 Pages

24 July 2024

Ratoon rice (RR) has emerged as an active adaptation to climate uncertainty, stabilizing total paddy rice yield and effectively reducing agriculture-related ecological environmental issues. However, identifying key remote sensing parameters for RR un...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,255 Views
13 Pages

Comparison of the Source–Sink Characteristics between Main Season and Ratooning in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • Xinjie Huang,
  • Jing Yang,
  • Wenxin Zhou,
  • Guilian Zhang,
  • Bin Liao,
  • Abdul Wahab,
  • Zhenxie Yi and
  • Naimei Tu

28 June 2023

Objectives: In order to find out the differences in source–sink characteristics of ratooning rice and main season rice and find approaches to increase the grain yield of ratooning rice, a sowing-by-stage method was adopted to synchronize main s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,098 Views
16 Pages

Mechanical Stubble Righting after the Mechanical Harvest of Primary Rice Improves the Grain Yield of Ratooning Rice

  • Xiongfei Chen,
  • Xuehai Liang,
  • Jiajia Yu,
  • Zhaowen Mo,
  • Peng Fang,
  • Huilong Li,
  • Yuanrui Li,
  • Zeyu Sun,
  • Zhaopeng Liu and
  • Muhua Liu

20 September 2023

Ratooning rice is an essential rice-planting method. However, mechanical harvesting of the primary rice crop, while increasing efficiency, can negatively affect the yield of ratooning rice. Therefore, it is crucial to find ways to improve the grain y...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,012 Views
14 Pages

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Chinese Ratoon Rice Based on Yield and Reactive Nitrogen Loss

  • Ren Hu,
  • Zijuan Ding,
  • Tingyu Li,
  • Dingyue Zhang,
  • Yingbing Tian,
  • Yuxian Cao and
  • Jun Hou

Ratoon rice (RR) has been regarded as a labor-saving and beneficial production system. Nitrogen (N) surplus and reactive N losses (Nr losses) are effective environmental indicators used to evaluate the performance of N management. Few studies have as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,563 Views
12 Pages

Anther Culture Efficiency in Quality Hybrid Rice: A Comparison between Hybrid Rice and Its Ratooned Plants

  • Snigdha Samir Pattnaik,
  • Byomkesh Dash,
  • Sudhansu Sekhar Bhuyan,
  • Jawahar Lal Katara,
  • C. Parameswaran,
  • Ramlakhan Verma,
  • Narayanaperumal Ramesh and
  • Sanghamitra Samantaray

2 October 2020

An immense increase in human population along with diminished lands necessitates the increase of rice production since, it serves the human population as a staple food. Though rice hybrids (RH) are showing considerable yield enhancement over inbreds...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,600 Views
17 Pages

The Design and Test of the Chassis of a Triangular Crawler-Type Ratooning Rice Harvester

  • Weijian Liu,
  • Xiwen Luo,
  • Shan Zeng,
  • Li Zeng and
  • Zhiqiang Wen

Due to the high rolling rate of a regular crawler paddy harvester and the absence of mature first season harvester products of ratooning rice, combined with the planting mode and harvest requirements of ratooning rice, a triangular crawler ratooning...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,479 Views
13 Pages

Ratooning ability is a key factor that influences the ratoon rice yield in areas where light and temperature are not sufficient for second-season rice. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) are the most powerful tools for the detection and precise mapping of qu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,642 Views
19 Pages

2 February 2024

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving productivity is the core of sustainable agriculture development. In recent years, rice ratooning has developed rapidly in China and other Asian countries, becoming an effective measure to increase ric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,429 Views
14 Pages

Genetic Dissection of Rice Ratooning Ability Using an Introgression Line Population and Substitution Mapping of a Pleiotropic Quantitative Trait Locus qRA5

  • Hui Hu,
  • Ruoyu Gao,
  • Liping He,
  • Famao Liang,
  • Zhixin Li,
  • Junying Xu,
  • Longwei Yang,
  • Chongrong Wang,
  • Zhangyong Liu and
  • Jianlong Xu
  • + 1 author

22 April 2022

Ratooning ability is a key factor that influences ratoon rice yield, in the area where light and temperature are not enough for second season rice. In the present study, an introgression line population derived from Minghui 63 as the recipient parent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,264 Views
18 Pages

25 November 2024

Ratooning rice plants have a high moisture content and strong adhesion during harvesting. Traditional cleaning devices are prone to clogging when processing ratooning rice, resulting in a series of problems such as high grain loss rate and high grain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,211 Views
14 Pages

Biochar Application in Combination with No Tillage Enhanced Yield and Grain Quality of Ratoon Rice

  • Bin Du,
  • Wujun Zhang,
  • Qiangming Liu,
  • Xiujian Duan,
  • Yanjie Yao,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Jingyong Li and
  • Xiong Yao

Biochar is beneficial as a clean, stable, and efficient soil amendment to improve rice quality and yield. However, there are few reports on the effects of no-tillage in combination with biochar application on rice growth, yield, and quality in regene...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,116 Views
20 Pages

Reasonable Nitrogen Regime in the Main Crop Increased Grain Yields in Both Main and Ratoon Rice

  • Qiang Zhang,
  • Xiangchen Liu,
  • Guilong Yu,
  • Bin Duan,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Haiying Zhao,
  • Daqing Feng,
  • Mengxuan Gu and
  • Lijun Liu

Planting ratoon rice can realize one sowing and two harvests, which is of great significance for improving grain yield. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) regime in the main crop on the grain yield of ratoon rice and the associated physiological me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,403 Views
14 Pages

6 August 2021

Actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (Kc) of ratoon rice crop, which are necessary for irrigation planning, have been hardly reported. ET can be directly measured by lysimeter and eddy covariance but it is expensive, so it remains...

  • Article
  • Open Access
868 Views
17 Pages

3 September 2025

With the growing global demand for rice and the urgent need to enhance sustainable production, ratoon rice systems and selenium (Se) biofortification technologies have become important strategies. This study investigated the effects of the foliar app...

  • Article
  • Open Access
870 Views
21 Pages

Effects of Winter Green Manure Incorporation on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Different Ratoon Rice Varieties

  • Qiwen Hou,
  • Pufan Shao,
  • Sheng Chen,
  • Zhangzhen Yang,
  • Zhixiong Yuan,
  • Liusheng Zhong,
  • Ziyuan Zhao,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Cuo Ga and
  • Jiarui Tang
  • + 5 authors

22 August 2025

This study evaluated the effects of winter green manure incorporation on grain yield, nitrogen uptake, and use efficiency in ratoon rice production. A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was conducted using a split-plot design, with main plot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,011 Views
18 Pages

Physiological Properties of Perennial Rice Regenerating Cultivation in Two Years with Four Harvests

  • Chunlin Guo,
  • Weiwei Lin,
  • Wujie Gao,
  • Chaojie Lan,
  • Hailong Xu,
  • Jingnan Zou,
  • Nyumah Fallah,
  • Wenfei Wang,
  • Wenfang Lin and
  • Ting Chen
  • + 1 author

20 November 2023

Crop perennialization has garnered global attention recently due to its role in sustainable agriculture. However, there is still a lack of detailed information regarding perennial rice’s regenerative characteristics and physiological mechanisms...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,830 Views
13 Pages

Mapping Ratoon Rice Planting Area in Central China Using Sentinel-2 Time Stacks and the Phenology-Based Algorithm

  • Shishi Liu,
  • Yuren Chen,
  • Yintao Ma,
  • Xiaoxuan Kong,
  • Xinyu Zhang and
  • Dongying Zhang

16 October 2020

Mapping rice cropping systems is important for grain yield prediction and food security assessments. Both single- and double-season rice are the dominant rice systems in central China. However, because of increasing labor shortages and high costs, th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,879 Views
12 Pages

CH4 and N2O Emission and Grain Yield Performance of Three Main Rice-Farming Patterns in Central China

  • Chengwei Li,
  • Jie Zhu,
  • Xinyu Li,
  • Jiao Deng,
  • Wei Yang,
  • Yong Zhou,
  • Shaoqiu Li,
  • Lixia Yi,
  • Zhangyong Liu and
  • Bo Zhu

25 May 2023

This study focuses on the development of more cropping systems in response to global warming and food security concerns. A two-year field experiment (2017–2018) was conducted to investigate the effects of greenhouse gases (GHGs), soil environme...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,967 Views
16 Pages

Optimized Tillage Method Increased Rice Yield in Rice Ratooning System

  • Tingyu Yang,
  • Haiwei Zhang,
  • Fukang Li,
  • Ting Yang,
  • Yuecheng Shi,
  • Xinyi Gu,
  • Mingshuai Chen and
  • Shuochen Jiang

7 October 2024

Ratoon rice occupies an important position in rice production owing to its time-saving, labor-saving and low-pollution planting, and increased benefits. However, the impact of tillage management on the yield in rice ratooning system has not yet been...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,570 Views
15 Pages

Green Manuring with Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Mitigates Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions in a Rice-Ratooning System in Central China

  • Lai Yao,
  • Jie Zhu,
  • Wei Yang,
  • Dongzhu Zhao,
  • Yong Zhou,
  • Shaoqiu Li,
  • Jiangwen Nie,
  • Lixia Yi,
  • Zhangyong Liu and
  • Bo Zhu

The use of oilseed rape (OS, Brassica napus L.) as a winter green manure is crucial for enhancing soil fertility and reducing chemical N application in paddy fields. However, the impacts of replacing varying amounts of chemical N with OS on CH4 and N...

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