Physiological Properties of Perennial Rice Regenerating Cultivation in Two Years with Four Harvests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Weather Conditions and Safe Overwintering Evaluation
2.2. Yield Attributes of Perennial and Annual Rice Accessions
2.3. Relationship between Axillary Bud Sprout and Endogenous Hormones
2.3.1. Effect of Stubble Height on Regeneration Rate and Effective Panicles
2.3.2. Sprouting and Elongating Dynamics of Axillary Buds
2.3.3. Changes in Endogenous Hormone Content of Axillary Buds
Dynamic Changes in IAA Content
Dynamic Changes in GA3 Content
Dynamic Changes in ABA Content
Dynamic Changes in SL Content
Correlation Analysis between the Endogenous Hormone Content and Regeneration Rate
2.4. Changing Characteristics of Rice Root Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design and Field Management
4.2. Determination Items and Methods
4.2.1. Observation of Growing Stage and Tillering Dynamics
4.2.2. Dynamic Observation on Sprout and Elongation of Axillary Buds
4.2.3. Determination of Root Activity
4.2.4. Determination of Endogenous Phytohormones
4.2.5. Determination of Rice Yield and Its Components
4.2.6. Data Processing and Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cropping System (Year) | Variety | Stubble Height (cm) | Transplanting/Sprouting (Day/Month) | Fully Heading (Day/Month) | Ripening (Day/Month) | Growth Duration (Day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC (2019) | AR2640 | / | 28/4 | 14/7 | 18/8 | 147 |
MC (2019) | PR25 | / | 28/4 | 14/7 | 22/8 | 151 |
FRR (2019) | AR2640 | 5 | 26/8 | 3/10 | 6/11 | 80 |
10 | 26/8 | 1/10 | 2/11 | 76 | ||
15 | 26/8 | 28/9 | 30/10 | 73 | ||
FRR (2019) | PR25 | 5 | 28/8 | 8/10 | 13/11 | 83 |
10 | 28/8 | 7/10 | 12/11 | 82 | ||
15 | 28/8 | 6/10 | 11/11 | 81 | ||
SRR (2020) | PR25 | 5 | 2/4 | 27/6 | 6/8 | 126 |
10 | 2/4 | 26/6 | 6/8 | 126 | ||
15 | 2/4 | 26/6 | 6/8 | 126 | ||
TRR (2020) | PR25 | 5 | 12/8 | 30/9 | 8/11 | 82 |
10 | 12/8 | 30/9 | 6/11 | 80 | ||
15 | 12/8 | 30/9 | 6/11 | 80 |
Year | Ratooning System | Cultivar | Stubble Height (cm) | Effective Panicles (104·hm−2) | Grains Panicle−1 | 1000-Grain Weight (g) | Seed Setting Percentage (%) | Grain Yield (t·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | MC | AR2640 | / | 200.1 d | 240.0 a | 22.1 d | 82.6 a | 8.77 b |
PR25 | / | 185.6 e | 180.0 b | 25.2 a | 86.5 a | 7.28 c | ||
FRR | AR2640 | 5 | 205.1 d | 88.5 i | 21.8 d | 62.9 d | 2.49 g | |
10 | 225.1 c | 86.1 i | 21.9 d | 70.8 c | 3.01 f | |||
15 | 270.1 b | 83.5 ij | 22.1 d | 78.9 b | 3.93 e | |||
PR25 | 5 | 265.1 b | 110.3 f | 24.6 b | 79.0 b | 5.68 d | ||
10 | 260.1 b | 126.5 e | 24.2 b | 75.0 b | 5.97 d | |||
15 | 230.1 c | 97.3 gh | 24.3 b | 60.0 e | 3.26 f | |||
2020 | SRR | AR2640 | 5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
10 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
15 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
PR25 | 5 | 331.6 a | 167.9 c | 23.4 c | 82.1 a | 10.70 a | ||
10 | 307.4 a | 170.5 c | 23.8 c | 82.4 a | 10.28 a | |||
15 | 290.6 b | 154.3 cd | 23.3 c | 83.4 a | 8.71 b | |||
TRR | PR25 | 5 | 185.6 e | 112.3 f | 24.5 b | 76.5 b | 3.91 e | |
10 | 192.6 e | 120.5 e | 23.5 c | 73.8 b | 4.15 e | |||
15 | 185.6 e | 102.6 g | 24.5 b | 67.8 d | 3.15 f | |||
df | ||||||||
F-value | 15 | 71.4 *** | 88.9 *** | 60.8 *** | 63.1 *** | 99.4 *** |
Year | Cultivar | Ratoon Crop System | SH | MS | HT | EP | RR | PEP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(cm) | (104·hm−2) | (104·hm−2) | (104·hm−2) | (%) | (%) | |||
2019 | AR2640 | FRR | 5 | 200.1 d | 282.6 d | 205.1 e | 102.5 e | 72.6 c |
10 | 200.1 d | 315.2 c | 225.1 e | 112.5 d | 71.4 c | |||
15 | 200.1 d | 337.7 c | 270.1 d | 135.0 b | 80.0 a | |||
PR25 | FRR | 5 | 185.6 e | 332.6 c | 265.1 d | 142.8 a | 79.7 a | |
10 | 185.6 e | 326.6 c | 260.1 d | 140.1 a | 79.6 a | |||
15 | 185.6 e | 300.2 d | 230.1 e | 124.0 c | 76.6 b | |||
2020 | PR25 | SRR | 5 | 265.1 b | 432.7 a | 331.6 a | 125.1 c | 76.6 b |
10 | 260.1 b | 431.5 a | 307.4 b | 118.2 d | 74.2 b | |||
15 | 230.1 c | 387.2 b | 290.6 c | 126.3 d | 76.6 b | |||
PR25 | TRR | 5 | 331.6 a | 264.8 e | 185.6 f | 55.97 f | 70.1 c | |
10 | 325.2 a | 274.1 e | 192.5 f | 59.19 f | 70.5 c | |||
15 | 290.6 a | 260.7 e | 185.6f | 62.79 f | 71.2 c |
Cultivar | Basal Node | BS | HS | RS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BL (mm) | BL (mm) | BL (mm) | INL (cm) | ||
3rd | 8.08 a | 14.33 a | 22.24 a | 7.80 a | |
AR2640 | 2nd | 5.52 b | 6.90 c | 15.63 b | 5.23 b |
1st | 6.28 b | 9.88 b | 21.69 a | 1.40 d | |
3rd | 6.80 b | 13.25 a | 12.75 c | 6.04 b | |
PR25 | 2nd | 8.87 a | 6.43 c | 12.53 c | 4.05 c |
1st | 5.89 b | 7.90 c | 14.79 b | 1.15 d |
R2d | R7d | R12d | R17d | R22d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GA | −0.413 * | −0.230 | −0.350 | 0.580 * | −0.263 |
IAA | −0.434 * | 0.091 | −0.325 | 0.202 | −0.363 |
ABA | −0.490 * | −0.029 | −0.047 | −0.318 | 0.083 |
SL | −0.617 * | 0.516 * | −0.125 | 0.677 * | 0.046 |
IAA/ABA | −0.404 | 0.101 | −0.384 | 0.346 | −0.517 * |
(IAA + GA)/ABA | −0.364 | −0.151 | −0.435 * | 0.550 * | −0.321 |
IAA + GA | −0.451 * | −0.148 | −0.446 * | 0.549 * | −0.292 |
GA/ABA | −0.301 | −0.241 | −0.338 | 0.568 * | −0.319 |
Cultivar | MBS | MHS | MMS | SH (cm) | RBS | RHS | RMS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AR2640 | 9.94 b | 5.83 b | 4.53 b | 5 | 10.00 b | 8.82 b | 7.35 b |
10 | 9.98 b | 8.63 b | 7.12 b | ||||
15 | 10.2 b | 8.98 b | 7.41 b | ||||
PR25 | 12.4 a | 7.34 a | 5.91 a | 5 | 12.86 a | 11.62 a | 10.03 a |
10 | 12.83 a | 11.58 a | 9.97 a | ||||
15 | 12.78 a | 11.42 a | 9.72 a |
Item | R-MBS | R-MHS | R-MRS | R-RBS | R-RHS | R-RRS | RR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | 0.952 ** | 0.887 ** | 0.935 ** | 0.861 * | 0.869 ** | 0.971 ** | 1.000 |
RY | 0.857 * | 0739 * | 0.846 ** | 0.700 * | 0.546 * | 0.695 * | 0.921 ** |
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Guo, C.; Lin, W.; Gao, W.; Lan, C.; Xu, H.; Zou, J.; Fallah, N.; Wang, W.; Lin, W.; Chen, T.; et al. Physiological Properties of Perennial Rice Regenerating Cultivation in Two Years with Four Harvests. Plants 2023, 12, 3910. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12223910
Guo C, Lin W, Gao W, Lan C, Xu H, Zou J, Fallah N, Wang W, Lin W, Chen T, et al. Physiological Properties of Perennial Rice Regenerating Cultivation in Two Years with Four Harvests. Plants. 2023; 12(22):3910. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12223910
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Chunlin, Weiwei Lin, Wujie Gao, Chaojie Lan, Hailong Xu, Jingnan Zou, Nyumah Fallah, Wenfei Wang, Wenfang Lin, Ting Chen, and et al. 2023. "Physiological Properties of Perennial Rice Regenerating Cultivation in Two Years with Four Harvests" Plants 12, no. 22: 3910. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12223910