Phages, the parasites of bacteria, are considered as a new kind of antimicrobial agent due to their ability to lyse pathogenic bacteria. Due to the increase of available phage isolates, the newly isolated phage showed increasing genomic similarities...
Multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus, are currently a challenge for medicine. Therefore, the development of new antimicrobials is required. Promising candidates for new antistaphylococcal drugs...
Most endolysins of dsDNA phages are exported by a holin-dependent mechanism, while in some cases endolysins are exported via a holin-independent mechanism. However, it is still unclear whether the same endolysins can be exported by both holin-depende...
Most double-stranded (ds) DNA phages utilize holin proteins to secrete endolysin for host peptidoglycan lysis. In contrast, several holin-independent endolysins with secretion sequences or signal-arrest-release (SAR) sequences are secreted via the Se...
Phages utilize lysis systems to allow the release of newly assembled viral particles that kill the bacterial host. This is also the case for phage AP1, which infects the rice pathogen Acidovorax oryzae. However, how lysis occurs on a molecular level...
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a significant bacterial pathogen responsible for outbreaks of bacterial leaf blight in rice, posing a major threat to rice cultivation worldwide. Effective management of this pathogen is crucial for ensuring ric...
Bacteriophage endolysins and their derivatives have strong potential as antibacterial agents considering the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in common bacterial pathogens. The peptidoglycan degrading peptidase CHAPk, a truncated deriva...
Due to the increasing spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, phage therapy is considered one of the most promising methods for addressing MDR bacteria. Escherichia coli lives symbiotically in the intestines of humans and some animals, and most...
This study characterizes two novel Bacillus phages, B450T and B450C, isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis VKM B-450 via mitomycin C induction, along with their endolysin, PlyC19. Both phages, siphoviruses with 41,205 bp genomes, lysed 38% of the test...
The number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is growing by the year. The pathogenic bacterial species Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are among the high priority candidate targets for the development of n...
The presented in silico and phylogenetic analysis of putative endolysins potentially produced by phages infecting uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) demonstrates their remarkable diversity. These proteins exhibit significant variations in sequence...
Phage endolysin-specific binding characteristics and killing activity support their potential use in biotechnological applications, including potency and purity testing of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs). LBPs contain live organisms, such as lact...
Background/Objectives: The World Health Organization has selected enterococci as one of the priority multidrug-resistant microorganisms for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Bacteriophages are promising antibacterial agents, but the biology...
The challenge of antibiotic resistance has gained much attention in recent years due to the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria infecting humans and risking industries. Thus, alternatives to antibiotics are being actively searched for. In this rega...
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium that is a major concern for food business operators because of its pathogenicity and ability to form biofilms in food production environments. Bacteriophages (phages) have been evaluated...
Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium capable of producing four major toxins which cause disease symptoms and pathogenesis in humans and animals. C. perfringens strains carrying enterotoxins can cause food poi...
Background: Clostridium perfringens is a significant cause of food poisoning. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, commonly used to control C. perfringens, are becoming less effective due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, necessitating alterna...
The endolysin EFm1 from the E. faecalis 002 (002) phage IME-EF1 efficiently lyses E. faecalis, a gram-positive bacterium that severely threatens human health. Here, the structure and lytic activity of EFm1 toward E. faecalis were further investigated...
Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins have been identified as antibacterial candidates. However, the development of endolysins as mainstream antibacterial agents first requires a comprehensive biochemical understanding. This study defines the atomic struc...
Campylobacter phages are divided into two genera; Fletchervirus and Firehammervirus, showing only limited intergenus homology. Here, we aim to identify the lytic genes of both genera using two representative phages (F352 and F379) from our collection...
Due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistance, there has been an increase in research surrounding endolysins as an alternative therapeutic. Endolysins are phage-encoded enzymes, utilized by mature phage virions to hydrolyze the cell wall from...
Bacillus anthracis is a potent biowarfare agent, able to be highly lethal. The bacteria dwell in the soil of certain regions, as natural flora. Bacteriophages or their lytic enzymes, endolysins, may be an alternative for antibiotics and other antibac...
HP1 is a temperate bacteriophage, belonging to the Myoviridae family and infecting Haemophilus influenzae Rd. By in silico analysis and molecular cloning, we characterized lys and hol gene products, present in the previously proposed lytic module of...
To develop a modern plague vaccine, we used hypo-endotoxic Yersinia pestis bacterial ghosts (BGs) with combinations of genes encoding the bacteriophage ɸX174 lysis-mediating protein E and/or holin-endolysin systems from λ or L-413C p...
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive pathogen which colonizes human intestinal surfaces, forming biofilms, and demonstrates a high resistance to many antibiotics. Especially, antibiotics are less effective for eradicating biofilms and better alte...
Background: The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate it as a “high priority” pathogen. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pandrug-resistan...
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen that causes canker in kiwifruit. Few conventional control methods are effective against this bacterium. Therefore, alternative approaches, such as phage therapy are warranted. In this study...
Vibrio species are naturally found in estuarine and marine ecosystems, but are also recognized as significant human enteropathogens, often linked to seafood-related illnesses. In aquaculture settings, Vibrio poses a substantial risk of infectious dis...
The global surge in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens has created an urgent imperative for innovative antimicrobial strategies. Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrate remarkable antibiotic re...
The Streptococcus agalactiae outbreak in tilapia has caused huge losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. In Malaysia, several studies have reported the isolation of S. agalactiae, but no study has reported the isolation of S. agalactiae phages...
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a critical global public health challenge, prompting increased interest in non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategies such as bacteriophage-derived endolysins. Although endolysins possess strong lytic potential, thei...
Presented here are additional explanations for five key points offered by Rojero et al. in their 2025 publication in this journal, regarding characteristics of hyper-aggressive phage 0524phi7-1. These are (i) that the “bypassing of the evolutio...
Phage lytic proteins are a clinically advanced class of novel enzyme-based antibiotics, so-called enzybiotics. A growing community of researchers develops phage lytic proteins with the perspective of their use as enzybiotics. A successful translation...
As antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, the exploration of alternative approaches to safeguard food safety becomes more crucial than ever. Phage endolysins are enzymes derived from phages that possess the ability to break down bacterial ce...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition wherein excessive fat accumulates in the liver, leading to inflammation and potential liver damage. In this narrative review, we evaluate the tissue microbiota, how they...
Tenacibaculosis, caused by Tenacibaculum species, is a significant disease in aquaculture, leading to high mortality and economic losses. Antibiotic treatment raises concerns about resistance, making phage therapy an interesting alternative. Analyzin...
The genus Listeria includes foodborne pathogens that cause life-threatening infections in those at risk, and sensitive and specific methods for detection of these bacteria are needed. Based on their unrivaled host specificity and ability to discrimin...
Food contamination by pathogenic and spoilage bacteria causes approximately 47 million cases of foodborne diseases in the United States and leads to tons of food spoilage, worsening the food loss situation worldwide. In addition, conventional preserv...
In response to increasing concern over antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the development of novel antimicrobials has been called for, with bacteriophage endolysins having received considerable attention as alternatives to antibiotics. Most...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most frequent vaginal infection in women of reproductive age. It is caused by the overgrowth of anaerobic vaginal pathogens, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Fannyhessea vaginae, and Prevotella bivia, which are vaginal p...
Background: Testing of antibiotic resistance of intact vaginal microbiota in pure culture is not feasible. METHODS: Metronidazole, antiseptic octenisept®, antimycotic ciclopirox, bacterial probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus, yeast probiotic Saccha...
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasing threat to public health and represents one of the most concerning pathogens involved in life-threatening infections. The resistant and virulence determinants are coded by mobile genetic elements which can easily...
Endolysins are phage-encoded enzymes implicated in the breaching of the bacterial cell wall at the end of the viral cycle. This study focuses on the endolysins of Deep-Blue (PlyB221) and Deep-Purple (PlyP32), two phages preying on the Bacillus cereus...
Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agents of Vibriosis in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, are also responsible for fatal illnesses such as gastroenteritis, septicemia, and necrotizing fasciitis in humans via the ingesti...
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a major threat to public health. Bacteriophage endolysins (lysins) are a promising alternative treatment to traditional antibiotics. However, the lysins currently under development are still underestimated. Here...
Background/Objectives: Infections with antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens represent a major global threat to public health. Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly important nosocomial pathogen causing severe and life-threatening infections, li...
Given the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria, bacteriophage derived endolysins represent a very promising new alternative class of antibacterials in the fight against infectious diseases. Endolysins are able to degrade the prokaryoti...
The search for new microbicide compounds is of an urgent need, especially against difficult-to-eradicate biofilm-forming bacteria. One attractive option is the application of cationic multivalent dendrimers as antibacterials and also as carriers of a...
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen, which is a problem worldwide due to the emergence of a difficult-to-treat multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB). Endolysins are hydrolytic enzymes produced by a bacteriophage that can be used as a...
Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an imbalance of the vaginal microbiome and a characteristic biofilm formed on the vaginal epithelium, which is initiated and dominated by Gardnerella bacteria, and is frequently refractory to antibiotic treatme...
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