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31 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Citations
9,404 Views
14 Pages

Region Based CNN for Foreign Object Debris Detection on Airfield Pavement

  • Xiaoguang Cao,
  • Peng Wang,
  • Cai Meng,
  • Xiangzhi Bai,
  • Guoping Gong,
  • Miaoming Liu and
  • Jun Qi

1 March 2018

In this paper, a novel algorithm based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to detect foreign object debris (FOD) based on optical imaging sensors. It contains two modules, the improved region proposal network (RPN) and spatial transform...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
11,136 Views
33 Pages

A Review of Foreign Object Debris Detection on Airport Runways: Sensors and Algorithms

  • Jingfeng Shan,
  • Lapo Miccinesi,
  • Alessandra Beni,
  • Lorenzo Pagnini,
  • Andrea Cioncolini and
  • Massimiliano Pieraccini

9 January 2025

The detection of Foreign Object Debris (FOD) is crucial for maintaining safety in critical areas like airport runways. This paper presents a comprehensive review of FOD detection technologies, covering traditional, radar-based, and artificial intelli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,385 Views
18 Pages

Foreign Object Debris Detection for Optical Imaging Sensors Based on Random Forest

  • Ying Jing,
  • Hong Zheng,
  • Chang Lin,
  • Wentao Zheng,
  • Kaihan Dong and
  • Xiaolong Li

23 March 2022

In recent years, aviation security has become an important area of concern as foreign object debris (FOD) on the airport pavement has a huge potential risk to aircraft during takeoff and landing. Therefore, accurate detection of FOD is important to e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,066 Views
16 Pages

Small-Scale Foreign Object Debris Detection Using Deep Learning and Dual Light Modes

  • Yiming Mo,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Wenqing Hong,
  • Congzhen Chu,
  • Peigen Li and
  • Haiting Xia

5 March 2024

The intrusion of foreign objects on airport runways during aircraft takeoff and landing poses a significant safety threat to air transportation. Small-scale Foreign Object Debris (FOD) cannot be ruled out on time by traditional manual inspection, and...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,460 Views
13 Pages

16 February 2023

Arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (AS-SAR) is an emerging technical means for detecting foreign object debris (FOD). Most FOD are small and appear as weak targets with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in AS-SAR images. Therefore, image noise is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,595 Views
16 Pages

Foreign Object Debris Detection on Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Pad Using Machine Learning Approach

  • Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam,
  • Dominic Savio Abraham,
  • Roobaea Alroobaea and
  • Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah

27 July 2024

Foreign object debris (FOD) includes any unwanted and unintentional material lying on the charging lane or parking lots, posing a risk to the wireless charging system, the vehicle, or the people inside. FOD in an Electric Vehicle (EV) wireless chargi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,222 Views
31 Pages

23 July 2025

Traditional Foreign Object Debris (FOD) detection methods face challenges such as difficulties in large-size data acquisition and the ineffective application of detection algorithms with high accuracy. In this paper, image data augmentation was perfo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,856 Views
18 Pages

29 August 2022

In the aviation industry, foreign object debris (FOD) on airport runways is a serious threat to aircraft during takeoff and landing. Therefore, FOD detection is important for improving the safety of aircraft flight. In this paper, an unsupervised ano...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,792 Views
20 Pages

7 April 2022

Due to the small size and various types of foreign object debris (FOD), radar detection of FOD on airport runways is a great challenge, and there are often a large number of false alarms in the detection results. Arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,245 Views
19 Pages

7 February 2023

Over the past few years, aviation security has turned into a vital domain as foreign object debris (FOD) on the airport paved path possesses an enormous possible threat to airplanes at the time of takeoff and landing. Hence, FOD’s precise ident...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,724 Views
27 Pages

18 August 2025

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) on airport pavements poses a serious threat to aviation safety, making accurate detection and interpretable scene understanding crucial for operational risk management. This paper presents an integrated multi-modal framewo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
7,472 Views
19 Pages

Foreign Object Debris Automatic Target Detection for Millimeter-Wave Surveillance Radar

  • Fei Qin,
  • Xiangxi Bu,
  • Yunlong Liu,
  • Xingdong Liang and
  • Jihao Xin

2 June 2021

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) refers to any foreign material on the airfield that may injure and threaten the aircraft and airport system. Due to the complex background on the airfield pavement and weak target echoes in long-distance monitoring, it is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
489 Views
13 Pages

6 October 2025

Foreign object debris (FOD) in civil aviation environments poses severe risks to flight safety. Conventional detection primarily relies on manual visual inspection, which is inefficient, susceptible to fatigue-related errors, and carries a high risk...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,883 Views
13 Pages

18 April 2020

Foreign object debris (FOD) detection can be considered a kind of classification that distinguishes the measured signal as either containing FOD targets or only corresponding to ground clutter. In this paper, we propose a support vector domain descri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
993 Views
22 Pages

25 July 2025

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) detection is paramount for airport operations. The precise identification and removal of FOD are critical for ensuring airplane flight safety. This study collected FOD images using optical imaging sensors installed at Urum...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,837 Views
20 Pages

An Anti-FOD Method Based on CA-CM-CFAR for MMW Radar in Complex Clutter Background

  • Xiaoqi Yang,
  • Kai Huo,
  • Jianwei Su,
  • Xinyu Zhang and
  • Weidong Jiang

14 March 2020

Traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) methods have shown their potential for foreign object debris (FOD) indication. However, the performance of these methods would deteriorate under the complex clutter background in airport scenes. This paper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,668 Views
20 Pages

Sound-Based Intelligent Detection of FOD in the Final Assembly of Rocket Tanks

  • Tantao Lin,
  • Yongsheng Zhu,
  • Zhijun Ren,
  • Kai Huang,
  • Xinzhuo Zhang,
  • Ke Yan and
  • Shunzhou Huang

31 January 2023

The traditional method of relying on human hearing to detect foreign object debris (FOD) events during rocket tank assembly processes has the limitation of strong reliance on humans and difficulty in establishing objective detection records. This can...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,345 Views
18 Pages

FOD Detection Method Based on Iterative Adaptive Approach for Millimeter-Wave Radar

  • Yangliang Wan,
  • Xingdong Liang,
  • Xiangxi Bu and
  • Yunlong Liu

10 February 2021

Using millimeter-wave radar to scan and detect small foreign object debris (FOD) on an airport runway surface is a popular solution in civil aviation safety. Since it is impossible to completely eliminate the interference reflections arising from str...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,139 Views
18 Pages

Unsupervised Foreign Object Detection Based on Dual-Energy Absorptiometry in the Food Industry

  • Vladyslav Andriiashen,
  • Robert van Liere,
  • Tristan van Leeuwen and
  • Kees Joost Batenburg

X-ray imaging is a widely used technique for non-destructive inspection of agricultural food products. One application of X-ray imaging is the autonomous, in-line detection of foreign objects in food samples. Examples of such inclusions are bone frag...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
930 Views
11 Pages

Penetrating Foreign Bodies in Head and Neck Trauma: A Surgical Challenge

  • Jan Oliver Voss,
  • Nadine Thieme,
  • Christian Doll,
  • Stefan Hartwig,
  • Nicolai Adolphs,
  • Max Heiland and
  • Jan-Dirk Raguse

Penetrating foreign bodies of different origins in the head and neck are rare and potentially dangerous injuries, which might pose problems for their detection, primary care, and final treatment. Depending on the severity of the underlying trauma, so...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,044 Views
15 Pages

16 May 2024

Carbon fiber laminates have become popular in the manufacturing industry for their many desirable properties, like good vibration damping, high strength-to-weight ratio, toughness, high dimensional stability, and low coefficient of thermal expansion....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,197 Views
16 Pages

Convolutional Neural Networks for Hole Inspection in Aerospace Systems

  • Garrett Madison,
  • Grayson Michael Griser,
  • Gage Truelson,
  • Cole Farris,
  • Christopher Lee Colaw and
  • Yildirim Hurmuzlu

22 September 2025

Foreign object debris (FOd) in rivet holes, machined holes, and fastener sites poses a critical risk to aerospace manufacturing, where current inspections rely on manual visual checks with flashlights and mirrors. These methods are slow, fatiguing, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,828 Views
18 Pages

Helicopter and turboprop engines are susceptible to the ingestion of debris and other foreign objects, especially during take-off, landing, and hover. To avoid deleterious effects, filters such as Inlet Particle Separators (IPS) can be installed. How...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,722 Views
19 Pages

2 February 2021

Foreign object debris (FOD) on airport runways can cause serious accidents and huge economic losses. FOD detection systems based on millimeter-wave (MMW) radar sensors have the advantages of higher range resolution and lower power consumption. Howeve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,417 Views
19 Pages

Safety and Security-Specific Application of Multiple Drone Sensors at Movement Areas of an Aerodrome

  • Béla Kovács,
  • Fanni Vörös,
  • Tímea Vas,
  • Krisztián Károly,
  • Máté Gajdos and
  • Zsófia Varga

30 May 2024

Nowadays, the public service practice applicability of drones and remote sensing sensors is being explored in almost all industrial and military areas. In the present research, in collaboration with different universities, we investigate the applicab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,823 Views
19 Pages

21 May 2021

Proximity operations offer aggregate capability for a spacecraft operating in close proximity to another spacecraft, to perform on-orbit satellite servicing, or to a space object to perform debris removal. To utilize a spacecraft performing such adva...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,800 Views
17 Pages

A Clutter-Analysis-Based STAP for Moving FOD Detection on Runways

  • Xiaoqi Yang,
  • Kai Huo,
  • Xinyu Zhang,
  • Weidong Jiang and
  • Yong Chen

29 January 2019

Security risks and economic losses of civil aviation caused by Foreign Object Debris (FOD) have increased rapidly. Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) with high resolutions potentially have the capability to detect FODs on the runways, but the target ec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,053 Views
14 Pages

16 December 2024

Understanding the response and damage evolution of structures subjected to multiple impact events is essential for designing resilient structures capable of withstanding complex loading scenarios, such as impacts from hail, gravel or foreign object d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,299 Views
15 Pages

Development of Korea Airport Pavement Condition Index for Panel Rating

  • Nam-Hyun Cho,
  • Hong-Joon Kwon,
  • Young-Chan Suh and
  • Jangrak Kim

19 August 2022

Airports strive to prevent safety issues, such as foreign object debris (FOD), by pavement management using the pavement condition index (PCI). The index is used in decision-making processes for overall pavement maintenance and repair, such as the pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,341 Views
13 Pages

1 January 2023

Many complex electromechanical assemblies that are essential to the vital function of certain products can be time-consuming to inspect to a sufficient level of certainty. Examples include subsystems of machine tools, robots, aircraft, and automobile...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,863 Views
22 Pages

17 November 2024

Industrial pressure relief valves must function reliably and effectively to protect pressurized systems from excessive pressure conditions. These valves are essential safety devices that act as cushions to protect piping systems, equipment, and vesse...