60 Results Found

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) extracted and isolated from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are of interest for drug development due to their wide range of biological activities. However, the overwhelming majority of APIs in TCMs (T-API...

The pre-formulation of pharmaceutical cocrystals and salts is a concept of crystal engineering that has emerged as a promising technique for drug development in pharmaceutical industry. Recent introduction of pharmaceutical cocrystals in regulatory g...

Three co-formers of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (CNA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), and 4,4′-biphenol (DOD) were selected to prepare the co-crystal of progesterone (PROG) based on crystal engineering strategies. These co-crystals were successfu...

Crystal engineering of multi-component molecular crystals, cocrystals, is a subject of growing interest, thanks in part to the potential utility of pharmaceutical cocrystals as drug substances with improved properties. Whereas molecular cocrystals (M...

Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV drugs suffer from poor aqueous solubility and hence low bioavailability. Most of these drugs are hydrophobic and cannot be developed into a pharmaceutical formulation due to their poor aque...

The regulation of solid-state emission based on cocrystal engineering is an emerging strategy for developing next-generation luminescent materials. Here, three luminescent cocrystals (AA-DITFB, AA-TFTPA and AA-TCNB) of 9-anthraldehyde (9-AA) are repo...

Progesterone (PROG) is a natural steroid hormone with low solubility and high permeability that belongs to biopharmaceutics classification system class II. In this study, novel pharmaceutical cocrystals of PROG were successfully prepared by solvent e...

The objective of this study was to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs by pharmaceutical cocrystal engineering techniques and select the best pharmaceutical forms with high solubility and solubilized formulations for progress from th...

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is a global quandary that requires the administration of many different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with different characteristics. As is the case with many APIs, cancer treatments exhibit...

In this paper, we address the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the case of Helicobacter pylori with a crystal engineering approach. Two antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone class, namely, levofloxacin (LEV) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), have been co-c...

Crystal engineering of novel materials for nonlinear optics (NLO) based on 2-aminopyrimidine yielded two molecular cocrystals with boric acid—trigonal (P3₂21 space group) 2-aminopyrimidine—boric acid (3/2) and monoclinic (C2/c space group...

We report on the preparation, characterization, and bioavailability properties of three new crystal forms of ethionamide, an antitubercular agent used in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The new adducts were obtained by combining the act...

This study aims at developing new multicomponent crystal forms of sulpiride, an antipsychotic drug. The main goal was to improve its solubility since it belongs to class IV of the BCS. Nine new adducts were obtained by combining the active pharmaceut...

Structurally divergent molecules containing bulky substituents tend to produce porous materials via frustrated packing. Two rigid tetrahedral cores, tetraphenylmethane and 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyladamantane, grafted peripherally with four (trimethylsilyl)...

The halogen-bond (X-bond) donors 1,3- and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,3-di-I-tFb and 1,4-di-I-tFb, respectively) form cocrystals with trans-1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene (2,2′-bpe) assembled by N···I X-bonds. In each cocry...

Co-crystallization of gallic acid with pyridines and their polyaromatic analogue, quinoline, ortho-substituted by various proton-donating groups able to form hydrogen bonds, produced the only reported co-crystal of gallic acid with an ortho-substitut...

Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiviral agents used to manage HIV/AIDS infection. The compounds require frequent dosing, exhibit unpredictable bioavailability and a side effect profile that includes hepato- and haema-toxicity. A novel pse...

Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a well-established class of solid-state forms that can modulate the solubility, dissolution, stability, and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients without altering their molecular identity. Although traditi...

In this work, the solubilities of pharmaceutical cocrystals in solvent/anti-solvent systems were predicted using PC-SAFT in order to increase the efficiency of cocrystal formation processes. Modeling results and experimental data were compared for th...

Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiviral agents used orally to manage HIV/AIDS infection. A pseudo one-solvent bottom-up approach was used to develop and produce nano co-crystals of 3TC and AZT. Equimolar amounts of 3TC dissolved in de-ion...

The preference in the type of halogen bond accepted by anthraquinone (C₁₄H₈O₂) from two isosteric donors, namely 1,4-diiodoperfluorobenzene (C₆I₂F₄) and 1,4-diiodoperchlorobenzene (C₆I₂Cl₄), is reported. The two co-crystals, (C₆I₂F₄)·(C₁₄H₈O₂)...

In this work, we report the cocrystallization of N⁹-ethyladenine with 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3,6-diiodobenzene (TFDIB), a classical XB donor. As far as our knowledge extends, this is the first cocrystal reported to date where an adenine derivative acts...

Tetraarylethylene derivatives are emerging as an increasingly important family of supramolecular building blocks in both solution phase and the solid state. The utility of tetraarylethylenes stems from appealing structural features (rigidity and symm...

The synthesis and single crystal structure of a new cocrystal, which is composed of OHphenolic∙∙∙OHphenolic∙∙∙Naminalic supramolecular heterosynthons assembled from 4-tert-butylphenol and the macrocyclic aminal TATU, is presented. This cocrystal was...

Among non-covalent interactions, halogen bonding is emerging as a new powerful tool for supramolecular self-assembly. Here, along with a green and effective method, we report three new halogen-bonded cocrystals containing uracil derivatives and 1,2,4...

The creation of co-crystals as a route to creating new pharmaceutical phases with modified or defined physicochemical properties is an area of intense research. Much of the current research has focused on creating new phases for numerous active pharm...

Protein and DNA co-crystals are most commonly prepared to reveal structural and functional details of DNA-binding proteins when subjected to X-ray diffraction. However, biomolecular crystals are notoriously unstable in solution conditions other than...

The ditopic halogen-bond (X-bond) donors 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-di-I-tFb, respectively) form binary cocrystals with the unsymmetrical ditopic X-bond acceptor trans-1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (2,4-bp...

The formation of a pair of co-crystals based upon isosteric halogen-bond donors, namely 1,4-diiodoperchlorobenzene and iodoperchlorobenzene, along with the acceptor 4,4-bipyridine is reported. As expected, the components in each co-crystal engage in...

Pharmaceutical multicomponent solids have proved to efficiently modulate the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this context, polyphenols are interesting coformers for designing pharmaceutical cocrystals due to their...

Sulphonamides have been one of the major pharmaceutical compound classes since their introduction in the 1930s. Co-crystallisation of sulphonamides with halogen bonding (XB) might lead to a new class of pharmaceutical-relevant co-crystals. We present...

Cocrystals can be used as an alternative approach based on crystal engineering to enhance specific physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) when the approaches to salt or polymorph formation do not...

This study describes the preparation, characterization, and influence of the enantiopure vs. racemic coformer on the physico-chemical properties of a pharmaceutical cocrystal. For that purpose, two new 1:1 cocrystals, namely lidocaine:dl-menthol and...

Using cocrystals has emerged as a promising strategy to improve the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by forming a new crystalline phase from two or more components. Particle size and morphology control are key qu...

In this work, we are the first to identify and report pharmaceutically effective cocrystals of the poorly soluble drug Modafinil (MOD) using a crystal engineering approach. A multi-component system of MOD with nicotinic acid (NIC) as the coformer at...

Development of cocrystals through crystal engineering is a viable strategy to formulate poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients as stable crystalline solid forms with enhanced bioavailability. This study presents a controlled cocrystal...

Crystallization control of organic conjugated small molecules is in high demand for the engineering of functional materials in organic optoelectronics. Here, we report solution additive-assisted crystallization of a model non-planar aromatic hydrocar...

Tuning and controlling the solid-state photophysical properties of organic luminophore are very important to develop next-generation organic luminescent materials. With the aim of discovering new functional luminescent materials, new cocrystals of 9-...

The co-crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has received increasing attention due to the modulation of the relative physicochemical properties of APIs such as low solubility, weak permeability and relatively inferior oral bioav...

Co-crystallization is an elegant technique to tune the physical properties of crystalline solids. In the field of energetic materials, co-crystallization is currently playing an important role in the engineering of crystals with improved performance....

This review discusses the entire progress made on the anthelmintic drug praziquantel, focusing on the solid state and, therefore, on anhydrous crystalline polymorphs, amorphous forms, and multicomponent systems (i.e., hydrates, solvates, and cocrysta...

Haloalkanes and amines are common halogen-bond (XB) donors and acceptors as well as typical reagents in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Thus, crystal engineering using these molecules requires an understanding of the interchange between these pr...

Stability is an essential quality attribute of any pharmaceutical formulation. Poor stability can change the color and physical appearance of a drug, directly impacting the patient’s perception. Unstable drug products may also face loss of acti...

This work is focused on the complex interplay of geometry of I⋯X halogen bonds (HaB) and intermolecular interaction energy in two isomorphic cocrystals [CpFe(CO)₂X] (C₂I₄) (X = Cl (1), Br (2)). Their IR-spectroscopic measurements in solid state...

A family of: 1:1 cocrystals 11-Aza:4-X-SalA have been prepared from the potent anti-malarial compound 11-azaartemisinin with 4-halosalicylic acids. When X = 4-Cl, 4-Br and 4-I, two conformational polymorphs can be isolated in each case. Monoclinic ty...

To modulate the physicochemical properties of fluconazole (FLZ), a multifunctional antifungal drug, the crystal engineering technique was employed. In this paper, five novel cocrystal hydrates of FLZ with a range of phenolic acids from the GRAS list,...

Triiodide salts are of interest for a variety of applications, including but not limited to electrochemical and photochemical devices, as antimicrobials and disinfectants, in supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, and in ionic liquids and...

Betaine, a simple natural zwitterion, is currently attracting widespread attention. Although historically labeled as an osmoregulator in agriculture and a methyl donor in animal nutrition, the molecule is now being repositioned at the forefront of gr...

Boronic acids are an important class of molecules diversely used in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and for the design of functional materials. Particularly, aryl boronic acids in the solid state are known to exhibit pharmaceutical...

Pyruvic acid is an organic compound used in various fields (e.g., the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and chemical industries) and subject to constantly growing demand. Pyruvic acid is liquid at room temperature, rendering manipulation less straightf...