You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

7,536 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,384 Views
48 Pages

Integration of AI in Self-Powered IoT Sensor Systems

  • Cosmina-Mihaela Rosca and
  • Adrian Stancu

21 June 2025

The acceleration of digitalization has caused an increase in demand for autonomous devices. In this paper, the technologies of artificial intelligence (AI), and especially machine learning (ML), integrated into applications that use self-powered Inte...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,953 Views
23 Pages

IoT Middleware Platforms for Smart Energy Systems: An Empirical Expert Survey

  • Qamar Alfalouji,
  • Thomas Schranz,
  • Alexander Kümpel,
  • Markus Schraven,
  • Thomas Storek,
  • Stephan Gross,
  • Antonello Monti,
  • Dirk Müller and
  • Gerald Schweiger

Middleware platforms are key technology in any Internet of Things (IoT) system, considering their role in managing the intermediary communications between devices and applications. In the energy sector, it has been shown that IoT devices enable the i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,358 Views
31 Pages

Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework

  • José Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón,
  • Carolina Tripp-Barba,
  • Aníbal Zaldívar-Colado,
  • Pedro Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón and
  • Pablo Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón

22 May 2025

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant challenges in requirements engineering (RE) due to the complexity of heterogeneous devices and dynamic user needs. Traditional RE methodologies often result in inefficient...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,909 Views
3 Pages

Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT

  • Damianos Gavalas,
  • Modestos Stavrakis,
  • Periklis Chatzimisios,
  • Zhichao Cao and
  • Xiaolong Zheng

17 April 2020

This Special Issue is focused on breakthrough developments in the field of Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT. The selected contributions report current scientific progress in a wide range of topics covering clock error compensation in sensor n...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,157 Views
32 Pages

Messaging Protocols for IoT Systems—A Pragmatic Comparison

  • Jacek Wytrębowicz,
  • Krzysztof Cabaj and
  • Jerzy Krawiec

18 October 2021

There are a dozen messaging protocols proposed for IoT systems. Choosing one for a new design is complicated, and a non-optimal selection can result in slower development and higher design costs. This paper aims to help select appropriate protocols,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
91 Citations
10,186 Views
20 Pages

Malware Analysis in IoT & Android Systems with Defensive Mechanism

  • Chandra Shekhar Yadav,
  • Jagendra Singh,
  • Aruna Yadav,
  • Himansu Sekhar Pattanayak,
  • Ravindra Kumar,
  • Arfat Ahmad Khan,
  • Mohd Anul Haq,
  • Ahmed Alhussen and
  • Sultan Alharby

The Internet of Things (IoT) and the Android operating system have made cutting-edge technology accessible to the general public. These are affordable, easy-to-use, and open-source technology. Android devices connect to different IoT devices such as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
7,942 Views
29 Pages

TinyML Algorithms for Big Data Management in Large-Scale IoT Systems

  • Aristeidis Karras,
  • Anastasios Giannaros,
  • Christos Karras,
  • Leonidas Theodorakopoulos,
  • Constantinos S. Mammassis,
  • George A. Krimpas and
  • Spyros Sioutas

25 January 2024

In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) and Big Data, enhanced by Edge Artificial Intelligence, are essential for effectively managing the extensive data produced by numerous connected devices. Our study introdu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,823 Views
21 Pages

20 December 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects people, devices, and processes in multiple ways, resulting in the rapid transformation of several industries. Apart from several positive impacts, the IoT presents various challenges that must be overcome. Consid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,262 Views
36 Pages

26 May 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a very abundant source of data, as well as a source of many vulnerabilities. A significant challenge is preparing security solutions to protect IoT nodes’ resources and the data exchanged. The difficulty usually...

  • Article
  • Open Access
382 Views
39 Pages

DeOTA-IoT: A Techniques Catalog for Designing Over-the-Air (OTA) Update Systems for IoT

  • Mónica M. Villegas,
  • Mauricio Solar,
  • Fáber D. Giraldo and
  • Hernán Astudillo

27 December 2025

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications requires robust mechanisms to ensure the security, reliability, and maintainability of embedded software throughout its lifecycle. Over-the-Air (OTA) update systems play a central role in e...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
9,214 Views
28 Pages

28 February 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) systems are becoming ubiquitous in various cyber–physical infrastructures, including buildings, vehicular traffic, goods transport and delivery, manufacturing, health care, urban farming, etc. Often multiple such IoT su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
6,058 Views
25 Pages

MoSIoT: Modeling and Simulating IoT Healthcare-Monitoring Systems for People with Disabilities

  • Santiago Meliá,
  • Shahabadin Nasabeh,
  • Sergio Luján-Mora and
  • Cristina Cachero

The need to remotely monitor people with disabilities has increased due to growth in their number in recent years. The democratization of Internet of Things (IoT) devices facilitates the implementation of healthcare-monitoring systems (HMSs) that are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,156 Views
17 Pages

Reconfiguration Decision-Making of IoT based Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems

  • Sumin Han,
  • Tai-Woo Chang,
  • Yoo Suk Hong and
  • Jinwoo Park

13 July 2020

With the recent diversification of demands, manufacturing systems that can respond to multiple types of goods have become more important. In this circumstance, reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) that can provide flexible manufacturing with l...

  • Review
  • Open Access
75 Citations
11,000 Views
40 Pages

Recent Advances in Internet of Things (IoT) Infrastructures for Building Energy Systems: A Review

  • Wahiba Yaïci,
  • Karthik Krishnamurthy,
  • Evgueniy Entchev and
  • Michela Longo

19 March 2021

This paper summarises a literature review on the applications of Internet of Things (IoT) with the aim of enhancing building energy use and reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). A detailed assessment of contemporary practical reviews and works wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,622 Views
17 Pages

2 July 2022

IoT (Internet of Things) systems are complex ones that may comprise large numbers of sensing and actuating devices; and servers that store data and further configure the operation of such devices. Usually, these systems involve real-time operation as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,474 Views
24 Pages

20 February 2024

This study investigates the application of machine learning techniques for cyberattack prevention in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, focusing on the specific context of cyberattacks in Colombia. The research presents a comparative perspective on cy...

  • Review
  • Open Access
40 Citations
7,568 Views
34 Pages

10 February 2022

Ensuring security for modern IoT systems requires the use of complex methods to analyze their software. One of the most in-demand methods that has repeatedly been proven to be effective is static analysis. However, the progressive complication of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,023 Views
27 Pages

Determining Real-Time Communication Feasibility in IoT Systems Supported by LoRaWAN

  • Matias Micheletto,
  • Paula Zabala,
  • Sergio F. Ochoa,
  • Roc Meseguer and
  • Rodrigo Santos

26 April 2023

LoRaWAN is a long range and low power protocol devised for connecting devices under the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This protocol was not conceived to support real-time message delivery; therefore, it is not always feasible using it to support...

  • Article
  • Open Access
279 Views
18 Pages

19 December 2025

Collective intelligence within a quantum-informed cybernetic paradigm presents a transformative perspective to examine adaptability and resilience in Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper introduces Cogitor5, a fifth-order cybernetic system th...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,421 Views
25 Pages

24 November 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of sensors that helps collect data 24/7 without human intervention. However, the network may suffer from problems such as the low battery, heterogeneity, and connectivity issues due to the lack of standards....

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,972 Views
19 Pages

29 October 2024

This paper presents the design, implementation, and characterization of a digital IoT platform capable of generating brain rhythm frequencies using synchronous digital logic. Designed with the Google SkyWater 130 nm open-source process design kit (PD...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
8,113 Views
26 Pages

4 May 2023

An intelligent transportation system is one of the fundamental goals of the smart city concept. The Internet of Things (IoT) concept is a basic instrument to digitalize and automatize the process in the intelligent transportation system. Digitalizati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
2,998 Views
22 Pages

Deep Complex Gated Recurrent Networks-Based IoT Network Intrusion Detection Systems

  • Engy El-Shafeiy,
  • Walaa M. Elsayed,
  • Haitham Elwahsh,
  • Maazen Alsabaan,
  • Mohamed I. Ibrahem and
  • Gamal Farouk Elhady

13 September 2024

The explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has highlighted the urgent need for strong network security measures. The distinctive difficulties presented by Internet of Things (IoT) environments, such as the wide variety of devices, the intri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,417 Views
14 Pages

27 October 2025

The rapid proliferation of devices on the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart city environments enables autonomous decision-making, but introduces challenges of scalability, coordination, and privacy. Existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods, such...

  • Review
  • Open Access
154 Citations
15,087 Views
20 Pages

Learning-Based Methods for Cyber Attacks Detection in IoT Systems: A Survey on Methods, Analysis, and Future Prospects

  • Usman Inayat,
  • Muhammad Fahad Zia,
  • Sajid Mahmood,
  • Haris M. Khalid and
  • Mohamed Benbouzid

Internet of Things (IoT) is a developing technology that provides the simplicity and benefits of exchanging data with other devices using the cloud or wireless networks. However, the changes and developments in the IoT environment are making IoT syst...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,885 Views
24 Pages

19 December 2021

The effective operation of photovoltaic systems depends on many factors and parameters that must be continuously monitored. The factors listed in the article are frequently variable, which makes it very difficult to predict the amount of radiation th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,494 Views
33 Pages

15 May 2025

The increasing demand for sustainable and autonomous monitoring solutions in critical infrastructure has driven interest in Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) systems. This paper presents an analytical and experimental framework for designing energy-ef...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,548 Views
18 Pages

Decentralized Policy-Hidden Fine-Grained Redaction in Blockchain-Based IoT Systems

  • Hongchen Guo,
  • Xiaolong Tao,
  • Mingyang Zhao,
  • Tong Wu,
  • Chuan Zhang,
  • Jingfeng Xue and
  • Liehuang Zhu

11 August 2023

Currently, decentralized redactable blockchains have been widely applied in IoT systems for secure and controllable data management. Unfortunately, existing works ignore policy privacy (i.e., the content of users’ redaction policies), causing s...

  • Concept Paper
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,009 Views
15 Pages

Social Dimensions in CPS & IoT Based Automated Production Systems

  • Hind Bril El-Haouzi,
  • Etienne Valette,
  • Bettina-Johanna Krings and
  • António Brandão Moniz

12 August 2021

Since the 1970s, the application of microprocessor in industrial machinery and the development of computer systems have transformed the manufacturing landscape. The rapid integration and automation of production systems have outpaced the development...

  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,239 Views
25 Pages

Open Radio Access Networks for Smart IoT Systems: State of Art and Future Directions

  • Abubakar Ahmad Musa,
  • Adamu Hussaini,
  • Cheng Qian,
  • Yifan Guo and
  • Wei Yu

27 November 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes a vast network comprising various components such as physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items equipped with sensors, actuators, and software. These components are interconnected, facilitating the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,206 Views
36 Pages

18 February 2021

Implementing a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) in Internet of Things (IoT) applications is a complex task. The need to establish the number of nodes, sensors, and actuators, and their location and characteristics, requires a tool that all...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,502 Views
15 Pages

A Sustainable W-RLG Model for Attack Detection in Healthcare IoT Systems

  • Brij B. Gupta,
  • Akshat Gaurav,
  • Razaz Waheeb Attar,
  • Varsha Arya,
  • Ahmed Alhomoud and
  • Kwok Tai Chui

9 April 2024

The increasingly widespread use of IoT devices in healthcare systems has heightened the need for sustainable and efficient cybersecurity measures. In this paper, we introduce the W-RLG Model, a novel deep learning approach that combines Whale Optimiz...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,221 Views
15 Pages

23 April 2021

To develop sustainable rehabilitation systems, these should consider common problems on IoT devices such as low battery, connection issues and hardware damages. These should be able to rapidly detect any kind of problem incorporating the capacity of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
3,988 Views
25 Pages

Distributed Bayesian Inference for Large-Scale IoT Systems

  • Eleni Vlachou,
  • Aristeidis Karras,
  • Christos Karras,
  • Leonidas Theodorakopoulos,
  • Constantinos Halkiopoulos and
  • Spyros Sioutas

In this work, we present a Distributed Bayesian Inference Classifier for Large-Scale Systems, where we assess its performance and scalability on distributed environments such as PySpark. The presented classifier consistently showcases efficient infer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
5,005 Views
21 Pages

Hierarchical Blockchain-Based Multi-Chaincode Access Control for Securing IoT Systems

  • Adam Ibrahim Abdi,
  • Fathy Elbouraey Eassa,
  • Kamal Jambi,
  • Khalid Almarhabi,
  • Maher Khemakhem,
  • Abdullah Basuhail and
  • Mohammad Yamin

25 February 2022

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its attributes of constrained devices and a distributed environment make it difficult to manage such a huge and growing network of devices on a global scale. Existing traditional access-control sys...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,533 Views
13 Pages

Building XAI-Based Agents for IoT Systems

  • Algirdas Dobrovolskis,
  • Egidijus Kazanavičius and
  • Laura Kižauskienė

22 March 2023

The technological maturity of AI solutions has been consistently increasing over the years, expanding its application scope and domains. Smart home systems have evolved to act as proactive assistants for their residents, autonomously detecting behavi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,930 Views
14 Pages

26 March 2023

At present, the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a significant symbol of the information age. As an important research branch of it, IoT-based video monitoring systems have achieved rapid developments in recent years. However, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,907 Views
24 Pages

Software is present in any modern device and is one of the most important components of a new product. IoT systems for smart homes have become more popular in recent years, and testing these systems using advanced methods is very important because it...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,418 Views
15 Pages

Assessing Insider Attacks and Privacy Leakage in Managed IoT Systems for Residential Prosumers

  • Giuseppe De Marco,
  • Vincenzo Loia,
  • Hadis Karimipour and
  • Pierluigi Siano

22 April 2021

The transition towards the massive penetration of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) into the electricity system requires the implementation of the Smart Grid (SG) paradigm with innovative control systems and equipment. In this new context, Distribute...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
20,248 Views
26 Pages

Internet of Things (IoT) Sensors for Water Quality Monitoring in Aquaculture Systems: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis

  • Manhiro Flores-Iwasaki,
  • Grobert A. Guadalupe,
  • Miguel Pachas-Caycho,
  • Sandy Chapa-Gonza,
  • Roberto Carlos Mori-Zabarburú and
  • Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad

This review aims to study the applications of sensors for monitoring and controlling the physicochemical parameters of water in aquaculture systems such as Biofloc Technology (BFT), Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RASs), and aquaponic systems usin...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,693 Views
11 Pages

Correct implementation of circular economy measures is essential for achieving sustainable development criteria with a growing share of the world’s population and global product consumption. This article examines the problem of ensuring a quali...

  • Review
  • Open Access
59 Citations
35,810 Views
26 Pages

Recent Advances of Smart Systems and Internet of Things (IoT) for Aquaponics Automation: A Comprehensive Overview

  • Mohamed Farag Taha,
  • Gamal ElMasry,
  • Mostafa Gouda,
  • Lei Zhou,
  • Ning Liang,
  • Alwaseela Abdalla,
  • David Rousseau and
  • Zhengjun Qiu

Aquaponics is an innovative, smart, and sustainable agricultural technology that integrates aquaculture (farming of fish) with hydroponics in growing vegetable crops symbiotically. The correct implementation of aquaponics helps in providing healthy o...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
13,139 Views
25 Pages

12 February 2025

Urban mobility has undergone and continues to undergo a profound transformation driven by the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and predictive analytics in recent years. These technologies are redefining adapt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,705 Views
27 Pages

Precision Time Interval Generator Based on CMOS Counters and Integration with IoT Timing Systems

  • Nebojša Andrijević,
  • Zoran Lovreković,
  • Vladan Radivojević,
  • Svetlana Živković Radeta and
  • Hadžib Salkić

12 August 2025

Precise time interval generation is a cornerstone of modern measurement, automation, and distributed control systems, particularly within Internet of Things (IoT) architectures. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a low-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,772 Views
48 Pages

15 June 2024

Process algebra is one of the most suitable formal methods to model smart IoT systems for smart cities. Each IoT in the systems can be modeled as a process in algebra. In addition, the nondeterministic behavior of the systems can be predicted by defi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,429 Views
21 Pages

14 June 2023

The large number of inexpensive and energy-efficient terminals in IoT systems is one of the emerging elements of the recent landscape of information and communication technologies. IoT nodes are usually embedded systems with limited processing power...

  • Review
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,910 Views
21 Pages

Application and Challenges of IoT Healthcare System in COVID-19

  • Abdullah A. Al-Atawi,
  • Faheem Khan and
  • Cheong Ghil Kim

26 September 2022

The importance of the IoT is increasing in every field of life, and it especially has a significant role in improving the efficiency of the healthcare system. Its demand further increased during COVID-19 to facilitate the patient remotely from their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,781 Views
15 Pages

18 November 2024

This research investigates the energy consumption of buildings managed by traditional Building Management Systems (BMSs) and proposes the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance energy efficiency. Conventional BMSs often suffer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Citations
8,968 Views
13 Pages

Application of IoT-Aided Simulation to Manufacturing Systems in Cyber-Physical System

  • Yifei Tan,
  • Wenhe Yang,
  • Kohtaroh Yoshida and
  • Soemon Takakuwa

With the rapid development of mobile and wireless networking technologies, data has become more ubiquitous and the IoT (Internet of Things) is attracting much attention due to high expectations for enabling innovative service, efficiency, and product...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,412 Views
31 Pages

Anomaly Detection for IOT Systems Using Active Learning

  • Mohammed Zakariah and
  • Abdulaziz S. Almazyad

4 November 2023

The prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is on the rise, making the identification of anomalies in IoT systems crucial for ensuring their security and reliability. However, many existing approaches rely on static classifiers and immuta...

of 151