Globally, the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically, owing mainly to the increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 2021, 537 million people worldwide (11% of the global population) had diabetes, and this number is...
Kidney disease is associated with a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities that accompany the uremic state and the state of dialysis dependence. These include altered L-carnitine homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and abnormalities in fatty ac...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, with a prevalence of approximately 13 [...]
Hypercalcemia is defined as a serum calcium concentration higher than 10.5 mg/gL or 2.6 mmol/L. Only 50% of serum calcium is active, presented as ionized calcium. The remaining half is bound to albumin, phosphate, and other serum anions, and their ch...
This study reviews the renal aspects of diuretic resistance occurring in diuretic treatment, mostly with loop diuretics of congestive heart failure. A short discussion on the different classes of diuretics, including the recently introduced sodium-gl...
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of renal failure and has limited pharmacological treatment options. Disease progression is relentless, and regression is not a known feature of ADPKD even with ph...
Magnesium is an essential element with a pleiotropic role in human biology. Despite tight intestinal and renal regulation of its balance, insufficient intake can finally result in hypomagnesemia, which is a proxy of intracellular deficiency. Conditio...
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease that has had an unprecedented impact on most health systems in the world. The spectrum of symptoms is variable and usually ranges from asymptomatic cases to severe manifestations involving multiple orga...
A perturbation in the water balance rather than any change in salt content is the main cause of hyponatremia, the most frequent electrolyte abnormality, defined as a serum sodium concentration <135 mEq/L. Hyponatremia may be divided between mild (...
Acute kidney injury (AKI) describes a heterogeneous group of conditions, without specification of their etiology and diagnosed only by indirect markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), such as serum creatinine and urine output. Bedside estimation...
While pregnancy among end-stage kidney disease patients is rare, the number of females becoming pregnant has been increasing worldwide during the last decade. The frequency of conception in this patient group has been reported to be between 0.3% and...
In this narrative review, we briefly describe the general features of constipation, our understanding of its physiopathology, and its diagnosis and treatment, focusing on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Considering that constipation is poorly character...
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in many countries. The management of diabetic patients who receive dialysis can be challenging. Diabetic dialysis patients have higher rates of cardiovascular events and mortality due...
The importance of patient activation (i.e., the knowledge, skills, and confidence one has in managing one’s own healthcare) in people with long-term conditions, including kidney disease, is growing. Enabling and empowering patients to take a mo...
Chronic kidney disease—mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a systemic disorder that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. CKD-MBD is highly prevalent in dialysis patients, and appropriate treatment is important...
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterised by declining eGFR and associated, particularly in advanced stages, with increased morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. Current treatment options for delaying disease progression...
Therapeutic plasma exchange is a procedure in which plasma is removed and replaced with another fluid to correct blood abnormalities. There is growing evidence of its benefit in certain clinical conditions, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpu...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a significant global health challenge, with its advanced stages necessitating timely and comprehensive patient education, particularly regarding kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Early initiation of education is c...
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), first described in 1968, is one of the most common forms of glomerulonephritis and can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in 25 to 30 percent of patients within 20 to 25 years from the onset. It is histologically char...
Recently, as the number of elderly dialysis patients has been increasing, complications associated with low nutritional status such as infectious disease have had a strong influence on the prognosis of dialysis patients. Nutritional disorders are cau...
Despite the high burden of fatigue in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4–5 including dialysis, little is known about risk factors and treatments for fatigue. This paper provides an overview of measurement, associated ri...
This review synthesizes current evidence on clinical nursing practices in the management of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). It investigates the identification of risk factors and elements contributing to AVF...
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on renal replacement therapy represent a specific population with high morbidity and mortality, an increased risk of hypoglycemic episodes and large intra- and interdialysis glyc...
Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) is defined as peritoneal dialysis initiated within 14 days of catheter insertion. In this review, the authors describe the most recent data on USPD, including outcomes, complications, barriers to implementation...
The prevention of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter complications is essential to achieve a successful outcome. In recent years, nephrologists have performed more PD catheter insertion surgeries in Japan. The prevention of catheter complications is c...
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major public health problem and its incidence is rising. The disease course is unpredictable with classic biomarkers, and the search for new tools to predict adverse renal outcomes is ongoing. Renal magnetic resonan...
High flow access (HFA) is a condition in which hemodynamics is affected by a flow rate that is larger than the blood flow required for hemodialysis. HFA sometimes causes high output heart failure, venous hypertension, and dialysis access steal syndro...
Maintenance hemodialysis services continue to rise globally. We evaluated adherence to hemodialysis therapy and contributing factors among end-stage renal disease patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross-sectional stu...
Background: For our society, chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem associated with high mortality, morbidity, reduced quality of life and a progressive increase in health costs. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the c...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health issue that places an increasing burden on the healthcare systems of both the developed and developing countries. CKD is a progressive and irreversible condition, affecting approximately 10% of th...
Objectives: Dialysis patients suffer from xerostomia based on hyposalivation even in stimulated saliva testing. Therefore, the aim of this study was (i) to evaluate an optimized oral hygiene system with an oral care gel reducing oral dryness, support...
The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has long been considered the optimal vascular access. However, the evolving characteristics of the ageing dialysis population limit the creation of an AVF in all patients. Thus, more patients start hemodialysis (HD) wi...
SGLT2 inhibitors can protect the kidneys of patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and slow the progression towards end-stage kidney disease. Blocking tubular SGLT2 and spilling glucose into the urine, which triggers a metabolic counter-r...
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents an important diabetes (DM) complication associated with significant impacts on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Recent evidence from cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials has dramatically impacted...
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a complex clinical entity characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. In this review, we propose the view of NS as a podocytopathy, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of podocytes in the dev...
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) refers to the use of portable ultrasound systems by clinicians at a patient’s bedside for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is not a substitute but rather a complement to clinical examination, and contrary...
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of end-stage chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which disrupts cellular organization and function within the kidney. Here, we review the bi-directional int...
Frailty is highly prevalent within people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with the increased risk of falls, hospitalisation, and mortality. Alongside this, individuals with CKD report a high incidence of depression and redu...
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents a major public health issue, currently posing an important burden on healthcare systems. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are considered the cornerstone of treatment of albuminuric DKD. However, a...
For over thirty-five years, available data suggested that therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was a useful treatment for patients with Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) associated with ANCA Associated Vasculitis (AAV) and elevated creatinin...
Physical inactivity is highly prevalent after solid organ transplantation and leads to unfavourable outcomes. This review aimed to understand posttransplant physical activity behaviour and propose physical activity interventions. Michie’s Behav...
Pregnancy in the dialysing population is an infrequent but increasing event. There is a lack of contemporary guidance regarding the nutritional management of this complex patient group. The aim of this scoping review was to identify, evaluate and sum...
Residual kidney function (RKF) plays a crucial role in improving outcomes for dialysis patients. Enhanced middle molecular clearance has been proposed as one of the several benefits of preserved RKF. Most patients who start dialysis retain some resid...
The optimal dialysate sodium concentration for chronic hemodialysis patients remains controversial. Conflicting data from small observational studies and large cohort study data have not convinced nephrologists to choose either a high or low sodium d...
Obesity remains a growing public health concern in industrialized countries around the world. The prevalence of obesity has also continued to rise in those with chronic kidney disease. Epidemiological data suggests those with overweight and obesity,...
Weight gain within the first year of kidney transplantation is associated with adverse outcomes. This narrative systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effect of exercise, physical activity, dietary, and/or combined interventions on body wei...
An aging population and the prevalence of lifestyle-related ailments have led to a worldwide increase in the rate of chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy. The mean age of people requiring dialysis has been rising, and Japanese p...
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). To date, no trial has been adequately powered to evaluate the effects of different dialysis modalities on cardiovascular events o...
The history of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is so long and started in 1835 when Petersen extracted a compound called phlorizin from apple tree bark. About fifty years later, von Mering discovered its glucosuric properties. In th...
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of dialysis therapy worldwide. The number of diabetes patients on dialysis in clinical settings has been increasing in Japan. In 2013, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) published the “Bes...
