Candida auris (Candidozyma auris) is an emerging healthcare-associated yeast that requires rapid identification and infection prevention and control (IPC) action in intensive care units (ICUs). We retrospectively described six C. auris-positive adult...
Background: Molecular typing data for Candida albicans from Bangladesh remain limited. Materials and Methods: This single-center descriptive study characterized 46 C. albicans isolates collected at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during three sam...
Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in liver transplant (LT) recipients often occurs during complex postoperative care. We compared clinical characteristics and total hospital length of stay (LOS) between LT-CDI and non-LT CDI r...
Background: Candida species are among the most frequently isolated fungi from respiratory specimens in hospitalised patients, yet the clinical significance of their presence—infection versus colonisation, treatment versus observation—rema...
Background: Human brucellosis remains an important One Health problem, yet no vaccine is licensed for human use despite decades of antigen discovery and experimental vaccine development. This review examines why promising Brucella vaccine candidates...
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most severe complications following total hip and knee arthroplasty. Early identification of patients at increased risk remains challenging, particularly when routine laboratory biom...
Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, while early diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific clinical manifestations and the limited accuracy of currently available biomarkers. Serum amyloid A (SAA), a rapidly r...
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a World Health Organization (WHO) critical-priority pathogen. Its role in chronic otologic infection is poorly characterised. In Romania and most Central-Eastern European settings, th...
Background: Enterococcus faecalis is the third leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE) and remains the predominant enterococcal species involved in this condition, particularly among older patients with multiple comorbidities and healthcare-asso...
Introduction: Improving adult pneumococcal vaccination is a public-health priority in Romania, and evidence regarding patient-level outcomes following different approaches to physician training remains limited. Materials and methods: This non-randomi...
Chikungunya poses a major clinical and public health challenge due to its wide range of manifestations and, consequently, frequent misdiagnoses. This pitfall may lead to compromised long-term outcomes when treatment is inadequate. This scoping review...
Post-COVID-19, influenza A(H3N2) has re-emerged with accelerated genetic diversification. The rise in antigenically drifted subclades raises concerns regarding immune escape and vaccine mismatch. To synthesize the available evidence on the post-pande...
Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with transplant-related mortality and graft-versus-host disease in allo-HSCT patients. We assessed how pre-transplant antibiotic and antineoplastic exposures, together with multidrug-resistant colon...
Background: Demonstrating durable viral suppression after switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice solidifies its use. Methods: This was a prospective cohort (DUALING) study conducted in 24 Dutch HIV treatment centers. HIV-RNA-suppre...
Background: Seasonal influenza remains a major public health challenge worldwide, causing significant morbidity each year and imposing substantial burdens on individuals, healthcare systems, and national economies. Vaccination is considered the most...
Background/Objectives: Obesity is an increasing challenge among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and its association with lifestyle in adult Romanian PLWH, providing the first n...
Introduction: Syphilis is a preventable sexually transmitted infection (STI) with severe health outcomes, yet it is not included in Saudi Arabia’s national premarital and antenatal STI screening programs. This study assessed knowledge, attitude...
Norovirus is the leading cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis in the world and accounts for a significant proportion of outbreaks at the food-borne and person-to-person levels. Due to their low infectious dose, persistence in the environment, an...
Infectious diseases have become increasingly dependent on diagnostic systems, whose reach have expanded, largely through advances in clinical microbiology, far more quickly than efforts to verify the reliability and accurate interpretation of their f...
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental organisms capable of causing diverse clinical manifestations. Their epidemiology among people with HIV remains insufficiently characterized. This study examined the epidemiology of NTM am...
Introduction: The growing demand for traditional medicines and health supplements (TMHS) in Malaysia has raised concerns regarding microbial contamination in hard-shell capsule products. Despite regulatory oversight, recurring recalls highlight persi...
Background: Despite major advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV transmission remains an important public health challenge. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective prevention strategy, offering a significant opportunity to further redu...
Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant pathogen with limited therapeutic options that predominantly affects critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) remains the convention...
Early in 2020, the WHO recommended that existing drugs be evaluated as a repurposed resource to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we investigate the trends of using repurposed and off-label drugs among people living with HIV in Central and Eastern...
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) consists of genetically diverse species having highly pathogenic potential to humans, causing nosocomial infections via environmental sources. In Myanmar, Bcc has been known as one of the common pathogens of infecti...
Background/Objectives: While COVID-19 severity is strongly associated with older age, younger adults may also develop complications. This study investigated factors associated with transfer to ICU in hospitalized younger adults during May–Decem...
Background/Objectives: Viral gastroenteritis leads to a broad range of hospitalization costs globally in children, depending on the region. To our knowledge, no recent studies have examined the hospitalization cost associated with viral gastroenterit...
Objective: Although Las Vegas is a major tourist hub, it is not among the counties that are under CDC surveillance for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), a major nosocomial infection. To determine the distribution of C. difficile ribotypes in...
Background: Thiabendazole (TBZ), a benzimidazole with established antifungal and anthelmintic properties, has also been reported to exert antiangiogenic effects relevant to tissue remodeling and chronic inflammatory microenvironments. The present stu...
Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common and potentially severe infection of the upper genital tract. Complications such as tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), sepsis, and diffuse peritonitis contribute significantly to reproductive morbidit...
Early bacterial infections (EBI) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to characterize their incidence, microbiological spectrum, risk factors, and clinical impact in an Eastern European co...
Background: COVID-19 has been associated with neurological and psychiatric manifestations, both at disease onset and during post-infectious sequelae, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Previous pandemics suggest potential for long-t...
Background: Typhoid fever (TF) is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, typically associated with regions where sanitation and access to clean water are inadequate. Although rare in non-endemic countries, TF remains a diag...
It is with both gratitude and anticipation that I write these words, looking back on almost 15 years of continued publication and marking the transition of Germs into a new chapter through our collaboration with MDPI [...]
We are pleased to announce that, beginning with Volume 15, Issue 4 (2025), Germs (ISSN: 2248-2997) will now be published by MDPI [...]
Introduction: Doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF) is recommended for both ART initiation and switch in virologically suppressed patients. We report early real-world outcomes after DOR/3TC/TDF introduction in Belgrade, Se...
Owing to significant advances in HIV treatment and the resultant increase in life expectancy, the number of aging individuals living with HIV and associated comorbidities continues to rise. Consequently, the management of people living with HIV is no...
Influenza remains a common cause of hospitalization among children, bringing substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Despite its soaring prevalence, a significant gap in therapeutic interventions persists, especially for the pediatric population....
Viral hepatitis remains a global health concern, with growing recognition of the impact of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and herpesvirus-associated hepatitis, particularly in vulnerable groups. This narrative review from the ESCMI...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain leading drivers of chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality. This ESCMID Study Group for Viral Hepatitis (ESGVH)...
Introduction: Brain abscess is defined as a suppurative collection resulting from hematogenous dissemination as an extension from otorhinolaryngologic infectious foci, or secondary to cranial trauma and neurosurgical procedures. Its evolution follows...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) continues to be a predominant cause of lower respiratory tract infections among infants and toddlers, posing a substantial burden on pediatric health and healthcare systems worldwide.
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue worldwide, associated with limited treatment options and with major consequences for healthcare systems. Our study aims to assess rates and patterns of resistance to five las...
Introduction: Inflammation may induce dysautonomia, which is revealed by the decrease in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Our pilot study compares changes in HRV and the association between HRV and inflammatory markers in three RNA viral infe...
Introduction: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) significantly impact women’s quality of life, leading to symptoms such as vaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, and urinary incontinence. While traditional tre...
Labiaplasty, the surgical modification of the labia minora, has gained popularity lately due to increasing functional and aesthetic concerns. We examine the preoperative considerations, postoperative outcomes, and potential complications associated w...
Introduction: This study aimed to better understand patient-reported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates and barriers to vaccination among transgender patients receiving care at a gender-affirming clinic in urban New York. Methods: All patie...
Introduction: The implementation of nationwide viral hepatitis C elimination programs is challenging in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC). It is reasonable to start by targeting specific populations, such as people living with HIV (PLWH),...
Introduction: The effects of drug addiction in pregnancy are associated with multiple maternal, fetal and neonatal risks in the short and long term. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the National Institute for Maternal...
The heteroresistance phenotype refers to the presence of bacterial subpopulations with reduced antibiotic susceptibility compared with the main population. Mathematical modelling and computer simulations suggest that heteroresistance can lead to nega...
