Journal Description
Current Oncology
Current Oncology
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published online by MDPI (from Volume 28 Issue 1-2021). Established in 1994, the journal represents a multidisciplinary medium for clinical oncologists to report and review progress in the management of this disease. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists (CAMO), the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO), the Canadian Association of General Practitioners in Oncology (CAGPO), the Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC), the Canadian Leukemia Study Group (CLSG) and others are affiliated with the journal and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Oncology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 21.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2025).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
- Journal Clusters of Oncology: Cancers, Current Oncology, Onco and Targets.
Impact Factor:
3.4 (2024);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.3 (2024)
Latest Articles
Differential BACH1 Expression in Basal-like Breast Tumors of Black Women Identified via Immunohistochemistry
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070404 (registering DOI) - 14 Jul 2025
Abstract
BACH1 has been identified as a functional regulator of cancer metastasis and metabolic signaling in breast cancer cells. However, the clinical relevance of BACH1 expression in breast tumors remains poorly understood. Using a tissue microarray from a cohort of 130 patients, we assessed
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BACH1 has been identified as a functional regulator of cancer metastasis and metabolic signaling in breast cancer cells. However, the clinical relevance of BACH1 expression in breast tumors remains poorly understood. Using a tissue microarray from a cohort of 130 patients, we assessed the expression of BACH1 and its known target gene, MCT1 (encoded by SLC16A1), through immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression data were then analyzed in relation to clinical variables, including breast cancer subtypes, tissue types, tumor size and grade, patient racial background, and age group. We found positive associations between BACH1 expression and tumor size, tumor grade, and the basal-like subtype. Importantly, BACH1 expression was significantly higher in tumors from Black women compared to those from White women, as well as in the basal-like subtype of breast tumors from Black women. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between BACH1 and MCT1 IHC scores in tumors from Black women, while a weak association was noted in tumors from White women. Our study provides compelling evidence that BACH1 expression is evident based on the race and subtypes of breast cancer patients.
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(This article belongs to the Topic From Basic Research to a Clinical Perspective in Oncology)
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MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations in Lung Cancer: Clinical–Pathological Characteristics and Immune Microenvironment
by
Qianqian Xue, Yue Wang, Qiang Zheng, Ziling Huang, Yicong Lin, Yan Jin and Yuan Li
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070403 - 14 Jul 2025
Abstract
MET exon 14 skipping mutations have emerged as significant driver alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), contributing to tumor progression. This study examines the immune microenvironment in NSCLC patients with these mutations and its prognostic implications. We performed multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining on
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MET exon 14 skipping mutations have emerged as significant driver alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), contributing to tumor progression. This study examines the immune microenvironment in NSCLC patients with these mutations and its prognostic implications. We performed multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from nine NSCLC patients, including four recurrent/metastatic and five non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients. Two panels assessed immune cell markers (CD8, CD4, CD20, CD68, and FoxP3) and immune checkpoints (PD-L1, LAG3, and TIM3). Immune cell infiltration and checkpoint expression were analyzed using HALOTM software (version 3.6.4134.464). Nearest neighbor analysis was conducted to assess the proximity of immune cells to tumor cells. Univariate Cox regression analysis assessed factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS). CD8+TIM3+ and CD8+LAG3+ cells were predominantly located in the tumor parenchyma of recurrent/metastatic patients but localized to the stroma in non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients. Non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients exhibited a higher density of tertiary lymphoid structures and closer proximity of CD20+ B cells, CD8+TIM3+, and CD8+LAG3+ cells to tumor cells compared to recurrent/metastatic patients, though the differences were not statistically significant. Cox regression analysis suggested a potential association between higher densities of CD8+TIM3+ cells and improved DFS (HR = 0.89), though these findings did not reach statistical significance. Our findings suggest that differences in immune microenvironmental factors, particularly those related to immune checkpoint expression (TIM3 and LAG3), may influence clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Further studies are needed to validate these observations and explore potential therapeutic implications.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current State of Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: Focusing on Real-World Evidence)
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Open AccessPerspective
Optimizing Adjuvant Care in Early Breast Cancer: Multidisciplinary Strategies and Innovative Models from Canadian Centers
by
Angela Chan, Nancy Nixon, Muna Al-Khaifi, Alain Bestavros, Christine Blyth, Winson Y. Cheung, Caroline Hamm, Thomas Joly-Mischlich, Mita Manna, Tom McFarlane, Laura V. Minard, Sarah Naujokaitis, Christine Peragine, Cindy Railton and Scott Edwards
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070402 - 14 Jul 2025
Abstract
The adjuvant treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) early breast cancer (EBC) is rapidly evolving, with a diverse range of therapeutic options—including endocrine therapies, bisphosphonates, ovarian function suppression, olaparib, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and emerging agents such as
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The adjuvant treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) early breast cancer (EBC) is rapidly evolving, with a diverse range of therapeutic options—including endocrine therapies, bisphosphonates, ovarian function suppression, olaparib, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and emerging agents such as immunotherapy. While these advances have markedly improved patient outcomes, they also introduce challenges related to implementation, monitoring, and resource allocation. Notably, therapies like CDK4/6 inhibitors require particularly close monitoring, creating logistical and capacity challenges for medical oncologists, whose workloads are already stretched due to rising cancer incidence and treatment complexities. These challenges underscore the need for innovative care delivery solutions to ensure patients with EBC continue to receive optimal care. This paper offers a comprehensive guide—a playbook—of multidisciplinary-team-based care models designed to optimize adjuvant treatment delivery in EBC. Drawing on real-world evidence and successful applications across Canadian centers, we explore models led by nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), general practitioners in oncology (GPO), and pharmacists. Each model leverages the unique expertise of its team to manage treatment toxicities, facilitate adherence, and enhance patient education, thereby promoting effective and sustainable care delivery. Importantly, these models are not intended to compete with one another, but rather to serve as a flexible recipe book from which breast cancer care teams can draw strategies tailored to their local resources and patient needs. By detailing implementation strategies, benefits, and challenges—in many instances supported by quantitative metrics and economic evaluations—this work aims to inspire care teams nationwide to optimize the adjuvant management of patients with HR+, HER2– EBC.
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(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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A Matched Case-Control Study Examining the Association Between Exposure to Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Cerebral Meningioma Using an Active Comparator
by
Russell Griffin and Rebecca Arend
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070401 - 13 Jul 2025
Abstract
The recent literature has reported an increased association between the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dMPA) and cerebral meningioma (CM). Prior studies have been limited in generalizability and did not use an active comparator as a control. The current matched case–control study utilized
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The recent literature has reported an increased association between the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dMPA) and cerebral meningioma (CM). Prior studies have been limited in generalizability and did not use an active comparator as a control. The current matched case–control study utilized a bootstrapped sampling design, matching 241 CM cases with controls (i.e., women diagnosed with non-meningioma brain, breast, or skin tumor, one control per type for three total) on age ± 5 years and diagnosis date ± 3 months. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) compared with an active (norethindrone or levonorgestrel) and non-active control group. Exposure to dMPA at any time point was not associated with the diagnosis of cerebral meningioma (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.81–4.95). Exposure to dMPA within a year of diagnosis was associated with the diagnosis of CM compared to both an active control (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.13–9.70) and a non-active control (OR 6.90, 95% CI 2.31–17.58). This association was also present for those who were exposed within two years prior when compared to a non-active control (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.50–11.88) but not an active control. Combined with the prior literature, the current results suggest that future research is warranted to understand this association.
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(This article belongs to the Section Neuro-Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
Effects of Gratitude Journaling on Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by
Minjeong You and Eunjung Kim
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070400 - 12 Jul 2025
Abstract
Gratitude journaling is a simple and effective way to improve emotional well-being. However, its impact on people with breast cancer in South Korea has not been clearly understood. This study explored how writing a gratitude journal can help patients with breast cancer feel
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Gratitude journaling is a simple and effective way to improve emotional well-being. However, its impact on people with breast cancer in South Korea has not been clearly understood. This study explored how writing a gratitude journal can help patients with breast cancer feel more grateful, resilient, and satisfied with life. Sixty patients from a university hospital in Jeollanam-do were randomly assigned to either a gratitude journaling group or a control group. The journaling group received guidance and wrote at least ten journal entries over three weeks, with weekly phone check-ins. The control group received no intervention. Before and after the program, the participants completed surveys. The results showed that those who kept gratitude journals had higher levels of gratitude, resilience, and quality of life than those who did not. These findings suggest that gratitude journaling can be a valuable and easy-to-use nursing strategy to support the emotional health of breast cancer patients.
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(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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Continuity of Cancer Care: Female Participants’ Report of Healthcare Experiences After Conclusion of Primary Treatment
by
Mirna Becevic, Garren Powell, Allison B. Anbari and Jane A. McElroy
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070399 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: Understanding patient perceptions of cancer care is crucial for improving treatment experiences and health outcomes. This study explores female patient-reported experiences with cancer care. Our aim was to identify areas for improvement and enhance patient-centered approaches in specialty and primary care settings.
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Background: Understanding patient perceptions of cancer care is crucial for improving treatment experiences and health outcomes. This study explores female patient-reported experiences with cancer care. Our aim was to identify areas for improvement and enhance patient-centered approaches in specialty and primary care settings. Methods: This was a prospective observational study using ResearchMatch. Our eligibility criteria were 40 years or older adult cancer diagnosis, female, and treated for cancer in the United States. Results: Among the eligible participants (n = 1224), 64 responded to the invitation and 57 completed the survey (89% participation proportion). The majority of the respondents were not receiving treatment during the study period (68%). Of those, 89% completed the recommended treatment, and 10% stopped the treatment before completion. Nearly 80% of respondents saw the same oncologist during the treatment at every appointment, and only 8% reported changing clinicians during their primary cancer treatment. Over 63% of respondents were not seeing the same primary care clinician as they did when they were first diagnosed. Respondents reported facing challenges with employment and ability to return to work (26%), being able to afford medication (21%), and paying medical bills (15%). Discussion: This study, albeit for a small number of participants (n = 57) identified strengths and challenges in cancer care. Consistent oncologist involvement and proximity to care centers was consistently reported during active treatment. Discontinuity with primary care, however, may warrant further inquiry. Reported financial, employment and access issues support previous studies that identified these as major challenges during and after active cancer treatment. Our study underscored the need to enhance patient-centered coordination and support to improve cancer and survivorship care outcomes.
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(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)
Open AccessConference Report
Report from the 26th Annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference on Hepatocellular and Biliary Tract Cancer, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 17–18 October 2024
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Deepti Ravi, Shahid Ahmed, Blaire Anderson, Brady Anderson, Bryan Brunet, Haji Chalchal, Arun Elangovan, Georgia Geller, Vallerie Gordon, Branawan Gowrishankar, Edward Hardy, Mussawar Iqbal, Duc Le, Richard Lee-Ying, Shazia Mahmood, Karen Mulder, Maged Nashed, Killian Newman, Maurice Ogaick, Vibhay Pareek, Jennifer Rauw, Ralph Wong and Adnan Zaidiadd
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Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070398 - 10 Jul 2025
Abstract
The 26th annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference (WCGCCC) was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, on 17–18 October 2024. The WCGCCC is an interactive multidisciplinary conference that was attended by healthcare professionals from across Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) who
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The 26th annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference (WCGCCC) was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, on 17–18 October 2024. The WCGCCC is an interactive multidisciplinary conference that was attended by healthcare professionals from across Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) who are involved in the care of patients with hepatocellular and biliary tract cancers. Specialists from the fields of medical and radiation oncology, interventional radiology, pathology and laboratory medicine, and general and hepatobiliary surgery participated in presentations and discussions for the purpose of developing the recommendations presented here. This consensus statement addresses current issues in the management of hepatocellular and biliary tract cancers.
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(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
Open AccessReview
Perioperative Chemo/Immunotherapies in Lung Cancer: A Critical Review on the Value of Perioperative Sequences
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Thoma’ Dario Clementi, Francesca Colonese, Stefania Canova, Maria Ida Abbate, Luca Sala, Francesco Petrella, Gabriele Giuseppe Pagliari and Diego Luigi Cortinovis
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070397 - 10 Jul 2025
Abstract
Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to pose significant challenges with high recurrence and mortality rates, despite traditional platinum-based chemotherapy yielding only an approximate 5% improvement in 5-year overall survival when administered preoperatively or postoperatively. In recent years, the integration of immune
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Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to pose significant challenges with high recurrence and mortality rates, despite traditional platinum-based chemotherapy yielding only an approximate 5% improvement in 5-year overall survival when administered preoperatively or postoperatively. In recent years, the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as nivolumab, durvalumab and pembrolizumab, with platinum-based regimens in the perioperative setting has emerged as a transformative strategy. Our comprehensive review, based on a systematic bibliographic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, targeting pivotal clinical trials from the past two decades, examines the impact of these neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy approaches on major pathological response rates and overall survival in early-stage NSCLC. Although these perioperative strategies represent a paradigm shift in treatment, promising durable responses are offset by persistent recurrence, emphasizing the necessity for optimized treatment sequencing, duration, and the identification of predictive biomarkers. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical role of the perioperative schema, particularly the neoadjuvant component, which enables the evaluation of novel biomarkers as surrogates for overall survival, in improving patient outcomes and delineating future research directions aimed at reducing mortality and enhancing the quality of life for patients with resectable NSCLC.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Current Status of Lung Cancer Surgery)
Open AccessConference Report
Prioritizing the Timely Detection and Diagnosis of Early-Age Onset Cancer to Enable Optimal Disease Management and Outcomes
by
Michael J. Raphael, Petra Wildgoose, Darren Brenner, Christine Brezden-Masley, Ronald Burkes, Robert C. Grant, Alexandra Pettit, Cassandra Macaulay, Monika Slovinec D’Angelo and Filomena Servidio-Italiano
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070396 - 10 Jul 2025
Abstract
In November 2024, the fourth annual Symposium focusing on early-age onset cancer (EAOC) was hosted by the Colorectal Cancer Resource & Action Network (CCRAN), assembling clinicians, researchers, and patients virtually to discuss challenges in early detection and diagnosis of individuals afflicted with EAOC
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In November 2024, the fourth annual Symposium focusing on early-age onset cancer (EAOC) was hosted by the Colorectal Cancer Resource & Action Network (CCRAN), assembling clinicians, researchers, and patients virtually to discuss challenges in early detection and diagnosis of individuals afflicted with EAOC across tumour types. The meeting addressed the rising rates of EAOC and identified strategies to overcome barriers to timely detection and diagnosis by closing gaps in public and healthcare provider knowledge on symptoms of cancer in younger adults and reducing inequities in standard screening for younger age groups. Discussions also encompassed the various factors that serve as impediments to accessing diagnostic testing and obtaining results, as well as the critical need for access to diagnostics such as comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), the results of which could be imperative in helping to guide clinical decisions regarding effective and well-tolerated targeted therapies. The Symposium generated key calls to action regarding increasing EAOC education and awareness among primary care providers and the public, re-evaluation of cancer screening programs’ eligibility criteria to include younger populations, and mechanisms to reduce waiting times for diagnostic testing by addressing technologist shortages and improving access to CGP through national collaborative strategies and increased funding.
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Pre-Implementation Assessment of a Sexual Health eClinic in Canadian Oncology Care
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Taylor Incze, Dalia Peres, Steven Guirguis, Sarah E. Neil-Sztramko, Jackie Bender, Dean Elterman, Shabbir M. H. Alibhai, Antonio Finelli, Phil Vu Bach, Emily Belita, Gerald Brock, Julia Brown, Jeffrey Campbell, Trustin Domes, Andrew Feifer, Ryan Flannigan, Celestia Higano, Jesse Ory, Premal Patel, Monita Sundar, Luke Witherspoon and Andrew Matthewadd
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Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070395 - 10 Jul 2025
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent and often under-addressed concern among prostate cancer survivors, significantly affecting quality of life for patients and their partners. The True North Sexual Health and Rehabilitation eClinic (SHAReClinic) is a virtual, biopsychosocial intervention developed to improve access to sexual
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Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent and often under-addressed concern among prostate cancer survivors, significantly affecting quality of life for patients and their partners. The True North Sexual Health and Rehabilitation eClinic (SHAReClinic) is a virtual, biopsychosocial intervention developed to improve access to sexual health support for prostate cancer survivors and their partners. This study used a qualitative descriptive design to examine barriers and facilitators influencing the integration of SHAReClinic into oncology care across nine Canadian health care centres. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 knowledge users, including health care providers and institutional leaders. Data were analyzed using a hybrid deductive–inductive thematic approach guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0. Participants described SHAReClinic as a much-needed resource, particularly in the absence of standardized sexual health pathways in oncology care. The virtual format was seen as accessible and well suited to addressing sensitive topics. However, limited funding, lack of institutional support, and workflow integration challenges emerged as primary barriers to implementation. Findings offer practical, theory-informed guidance for integrating SHAReClinic into oncology care and highlight key considerations for developing sustainable and scalable survivorship care models.
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(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
Open AccessArticle
Survival Outcomes in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
by
Alper Coskun, Ahmet Bilgehan Sahin, Selva Kabul, Muhammed Abdurrahman Celik, Mursel Sali, Ender Eren Ozcelik, Adem Deligonul, Erdem Cubukcu, Meral Kurt, Gursel Savci, Turkkan Evrensel and Ismet YavascaoÄŸlu
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070394 - 10 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), a rare histological variant, accounts for approximately 2–5% of all BC cases. Compared to urothelial carcinoma, the predominant subtype, research on SqCC remains limited and shows
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Background and Objective: Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), a rare histological variant, accounts for approximately 2–5% of all BC cases. Compared to urothelial carcinoma, the predominant subtype, research on SqCC remains limited and shows inconsistent findings regarding prognosis. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes between patients with SqCC and those with pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC). Methods: This retrospective, observational study analyzed pathology reports from 2549 transurethral resections of bladder tumors and 632 cystectomies performed at our institution between 1 December 2010 and 31 December 2023. Following pathological re-evaluation, 33 patients with SqCC and 132 with PUC were identified. After 1:3 propensity score matching, 20 patients with SqCC and 58 with PUC were included in the final analysis. Demographic, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes were compared between groups. Results: The median follow-up was 2.31 years (range: 0.17–13.50). No significant differences in baseline demographic or clinical characteristics were observed, except for the type of surgery. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated no significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.961) or overall survival (OS; p = 0.847) between SqCC and PUC groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified T stage, nodal involvement, and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) as independent predictors of DFS, while sex and metastasis at diagnosis were significant predictors of OS. Conclusion: Survival outcomes (DFS and OS) did not significantly differ between patients with SqCC and patients with PUC. Prognosis was more closely associated with disease stage at diagnosis, sex, and adjuvant CT. Further large-scale studies are warranted.
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(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
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The Effect of Prophylactic Hepatoprotective Therapy on Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on Propensity Score Matching
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Zhe Liu, Dongliang Yuan, Jun Chang, Lei Shi, Jingmeng Li, Mei Zhao and Qi Yang
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070393 - 9 Jul 2025
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic hepatoprotective therapy in decreasing the incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) among patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The analysis was performed on patients with cervical cancer who received chemotherapy at a tertiary
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This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic hepatoprotective therapy in decreasing the incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) among patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The analysis was performed on patients with cervical cancer who received chemotherapy at a tertiary hospital between September 2019 and August 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to equilibrate baseline characteristics between the treatment group, which received prophylactic hepatoprotective drugs, and the control group, which did not receive prophylaxis. The incidence and severity of liver injury were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Out of the 609 patients initially screened, 299 were included following PSM, with 105 in the treatment group and 194 in the control group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of liver injury (21.90% vs. 18.04%, p = 0.420) or its severity (p = 0.348) observed between the groups. Furthermore, none of the subgroups exhibited a significant reduction in DILI risk with prophylaxis. However, the number of patients experiencing an increase in their grade of liver injury was significantly higher in the treatment group (18.10% vs. 13.40%, p = 0.002), with these patients also exhibiting increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) post-chemotherapy (p < 0.05). Hepatoprotective drugs are not associated with a reduced risk of DILI and may in fact increase risk.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases: Novel Strategies of Diagnosis and Treatments)
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Open AccessPerspective
Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Nursing in Patient Education, Assessment, Monitoring, and Support
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Parmis Mirzadeh, Edith Pituskin, Ivan Au, Sheri Sneath and Catriona J. Buick
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070392 - 9 Jul 2025
Abstract
The prevalence of cancer is rising both in Canada and across the world, with approximately 35 million new cases predicted by 2050. Cancer immunotherapy is a form of treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells, increasing life expectancy beyond
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The prevalence of cancer is rising both in Canada and across the world, with approximately 35 million new cases predicted by 2050. Cancer immunotherapy is a form of treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells, increasing life expectancy beyond what traditional treatments offer. Immunotherapy may cause immune-related adverse events that differ from the toxicities of traditional treatments. While these events can be detrimental to health, it is critical that they are caught early. This perspective paper examines the evolving role of oncology nurses within the cancer care continuum in caring for patients receiving cancer immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncology nurses provide care in many areas, specifically in educating patients on the early detection of side effects to prevent negative outcomes, assessing and monitoring patient symptoms through a variety of means, including nurse-led clinics, and providing support to patients undergoing therapy. This work helps identify gaps in the literature. Future research is required for advancing cancer immunotherapies and better detecting early signs of side effects for nurses practicing in different settings, ensuring timely care.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")
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Open AccessArticle
Treatment-Induced Gene Expression Changes in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights from a Syngeneic Mouse Model
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Ko Okabe, Toshiaki Tanaka, Tetsuya Shindo, Yuki Kyoda, Sachiyo Nishida, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi and Naoya Masumori
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070391 - 8 Jul 2025
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the alterations in gene expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) during disease progression and in response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors using a syngeneic mouse mRCC model. RENCA cells were orthotopically implanted in BALB/c mice. Mice
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This study aimed to clarify the alterations in gene expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) during disease progression and in response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors using a syngeneic mouse mRCC model. RENCA cells were orthotopically implanted in BALB/c mice. Mice received first-line treatment with cabozantinib, anti-PD-1 antibody, or a combination. Tumor progression was monitored using serial micro-computed tomography. Lung metastasis samples were collected, and RNA sequencing was performed. Mice with apparent disease progression received second-line treatment with axitinib, everolimus, or lenvatinib after combination therapy. The median overall survival was 28, 34, 34, and 49 days in untreated mice and those treated with cabozantinib, anti-PD-1, or their combination, respectively (p < 0.05). RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of the fibroblast growth factor pathway in lung metastases after monotherapy, whereas mTOR pathway activation was observed only after combination therapy. Treatment-specific gene expression changes occur in mRCC, suggesting that the optimal target for sequential therapy in mRCC varies depending on prior treatment.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistance to Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Cancer: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Identifying the Best Approaches to Overcome This Challenge)
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Open AccessArticle
Trajectories of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) Within 3 and 6 Months After the Initiation of Chemotherapy Treatment for Advanced Ovarian Cancer and Clinical Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of Data from a Phase III Clinical Trial
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Chang Yin, Josee-Lyne Ethier, Mark S. Carey, Dongsheng Tu and Xueying Zheng
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070390 - 7 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: A single measurement or a summary of a limited number of measurements of CA125 was considered in the prediction of clinical outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. We aimed to identify the classes of patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on their
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Background: A single measurement or a summary of a limited number of measurements of CA125 was considered in the prediction of clinical outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. We aimed to identify the classes of patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on their CA125 trajectory and to investigate the heterogeneity of clinical outcomes among the patients in the different classes. Methods: CA125 trajectory classes were identified by latent-class mixed models based on values collected within 3 and 6 months post-treatment for 819 women with advanced ovarian cancer enrolled in a randomized trial. Results: Based on their CA125 values during the first 6 months of treatment, the patients with low CA125 levels at baseline that remained low during treatment had the best clinical outcome (a median survival of 83 months and a progression-free survival of 34 months). In contrast, the patients with high CA125 values at baseline with a modest decrease during treatment had the highest risk of death and progression (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 4.83 [3.56, 6.54] for overall survival and 5.15 [3.87, 6.87] for progression-free survival). Conclusions: Longitudinal trajectories of CA125 may provide more direct information for the prognoses of patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment.
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(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
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Open AccessCase Report
HIV Integration into the PTEN Gene and Its Tumor Microenvironment Implications for Lung Cancer
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Davey M. Smith, Elizabeth F. Rowland, Sara Gianella, Sandip Pravin Patel, Stephanie Solso, Cheryl Dullano, Robert Deiss, Daria Wells, Caroline Ignacio, Gemma Caballero, Magali Porrachia, Collin Kieffer and Antoine Chaillon
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070389 - 4 Jul 2025
Abstract
Health outcomes for people with HIV (PWH) have improved significantly with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet the risk of lung cancer remains elevated. While a single case cannot establish causality, we describe here an investigation of a 74-year-old male PWH with de novo
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Health outcomes for people with HIV (PWH) have improved significantly with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet the risk of lung cancer remains elevated. While a single case cannot establish causality, we describe here an investigation of a 74-year-old male PWH with de novo high-grade neuroendocrine small cell lung carcinoma. To investigate the potential contribution of HIV to cancer development, we performed HIV integration site sequencing on blood, tumor, and non-tumor tissue samples from the patient. We analyzed integration site distribution, clonal expansion, and associated gene disruption. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence and microscopy. A total of 174 unique HIV integration sites were identified, with 29.9% (52/174) located in clonally expanded cells. The most frequent integration site in clonally expanded cells was within the PTEN gene, representing 4.2% to 16.7% of all HIV-infected cells across samples. PTEN expression was markedly reduced in tumor regions relative to non-tumor tissue. Areas positive for HIV p24 antigen showed minimal PTEN expression. These findings suggest that HIV integration into the PTEN gene, coupled with clonal expansion of HIV-infected cells, may impair anti-tumor immune responses and promote cancer progression in PWH.
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(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
Associations Between Symptom Complexity and Acute Care Utilization Among Adult Advanced Cancer Patients Followed by a Palliative Care Service
by
Philip Pranajaya, Vincent Ho, Mengzhu Jiang, Vance Tran and Aynharan Sinnarajah
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070388 - 4 Jul 2025
Abstract
Among adult advanced cancer patients already accessing palliative care, symptoms can contribute to unplanned acute care utilizations, which can disrupt care and worsen patient outcomes. We examined how a novel symptom complexity algorithm, using patients’ ratings of the nine Edmonton Symptom Assessment System—Revised
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Among adult advanced cancer patients already accessing palliative care, symptoms can contribute to unplanned acute care utilizations, which can disrupt care and worsen patient outcomes. We examined how a novel symptom complexity algorithm, using patients’ ratings of the nine Edmonton Symptom Assessment System—Revised (ESAS-r) symptoms to assign “low”, “medium”, or “high” complexity, predicts acute care utilizations. This retrospective observational cohort study used electronic medical record data from the Durham Regional Cancer Centre in Ontario, Canada, comprising adult advanced cancer patients who completed at least one ESAS-r report between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2023. We applied chi-squared tests, Kruskal–Wallis H tests, and multivariable binary logistic regressions to evaluate factors associated with higher odds of acute care utilization within seven and fourteen days of patients’ first ESAS-r reports after their first palliative care interaction. Of 559 included patients, 125 (22.4%) exhibited low complexity, 180 (32.2%) exhibited medium complexity, and 254 (45.4%) exhibited high complexity on their first ESAS-r report. In total, 61 (10.9%) patients accessed acute care within seven days and 108 (19.3%) patients accessed acute care within fourteen days of their first ESAS-r report. Controlling for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, compared to low-complexity patients, high-complexity patients had higher odds of acute care utilization within seven days (aOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.18–6.77), but not within fourteen days (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.97–3.28). Accordingly, as a clinical decision-making tool, ESAS-r symptom complexity may help identify patients who would benefit from more intensive follow-up and potentially reduce unnecessary acute care utilizations.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Palliative Care and Supportive Medicine in Cancer)
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Predictive Factors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients (TNBC)
by
Khashayar Yazdanpanah Ardakani, Francesca Fulvia Pepe, Serena Capici, Thoma Dario Clementi and Marina Elena Cazzaniga
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070387 - 4 Jul 2025
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous group of breast tumors. This type of breast tumor is relatively difficult to manage, due to the lack of expression of Hormone Receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). Efforts have been made to
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous group of breast tumors. This type of breast tumor is relatively difficult to manage, due to the lack of expression of Hormone Receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). Efforts have been made to understand the factors involved in determining how a triple-negative breast tumor responds to therapy. The standard of treatment in most cases today is a combined modality of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy with agents such as anti-mitotic (taxanes) or DNA-damaging agents (alkylating agents, cyclophosphamides, platin salts). In this study, we investigated the predictive and prognostic factors for TNBC, in the neoadjuvant setting; understanding each patient’s response before treatment initiation is crucial to guiding the subsequent approach and finally improving patient outcomes. We focused on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at the site of the primary tumor (TILs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), the mutational status of protein 53 (p53), and Ki-67, investigating the potential roles of these factors in predicting responses to anti-cancer agents.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer)
Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Niscola et al. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Older Patients: From New Biological Insights to Targeted Therapies. Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 6632–6658
by
Pasquale Niscola, Valentina Gianfelici, Gianfranco Catalano, Marco Giovannini, Carla Mazzone, Nelida Ines Noguera and Paolo de Fabritiis
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070386 - 4 Jul 2025
Abstract
In the original publication [...]
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Patients with a Short Distance Between the Prostate and the Rectum Are Appropriate Candidates for Hydrogel Spacer Placement to Prevent Short-Term Rectal Hemorrhage After External-Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
by
Shunsuke Owa, Takeshi Sasaki, Akito Taniguchi, Kazuki Omori, Taketomo Nishikawa, Momoko Kato, Shinichiro Higashi, Yusuke Sugino, Yutaka Toyomasu, Akinori Takada, Kouhei Nishikawa, Yoshihito Nomoto and Takahiro Inoue
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070385 - 3 Jul 2025
Abstract
Radiation therapy, including external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy, is curative for localized prostate cancer. Hydrogel spacer (HS) placement between the rectum and prostate is popular for reducing radiation-related complications. Criteria to identify patients who benefit from HS placement would be clinically valuable.
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Radiation therapy, including external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy, is curative for localized prostate cancer. Hydrogel spacer (HS) placement between the rectum and prostate is popular for reducing radiation-related complications. Criteria to identify patients who benefit from HS placement would be clinically valuable. In a retrospective analysis of 430 patients with localized prostate cancer treated between November 2010 and March 2023 with ≥2 years of follow-up, we evaluated the incidence of rectal hemorrhage and its association with the median distance at the midpoint between the prostate and the rectum (mDPR) on pretreatment MRI. Rectal hemorrhage occurred in 6% of HS cases and 18% of non-HS cases (p < 0.001). Among 268 patients who received EBRT (±brachytherapy), the incidence was 9% with HS and 30% without HS (p < 0.001). In non-HS cases, the rate in patients with mDPR ≤ 1.62 mm was higher than in those with mDPR > 1.62 mm (24% vs. 12%, respectively; p = 0.04). In patients with EBRT and mDPR ≤ 1.62 mm, HS significantly reduced hemorrhage (9% vs. 39%, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified mDPR and HS as independent predictors of rectal hemorrhage (both p = 0.02). Thus, HS placement may be safely omitted in non-EBRT cases with mDPR ≥ 1.62 mm.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
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