Vaccines, Volume 13, Issue 3

Introduction: In 2023, India’s National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) recommended the inclusion of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). However, introducing TCV, an additional injecta...

Background: Pre-existing adenovirus immunity restricts the utilization of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. The current study aims to conduct a pooled analysis of eight clinical trials to evaluate the influence of pre-existing Ad5 neutralizing antibodies...

Objective: This study systematically reviews health economic evaluations of influenza vaccines in China and synthesizes the evidence on different vaccine categories. Methods: We searched databases, including the China Hospital Knowledge Database, Wan...

Background: Annual influenza epidemics pose a significant burden on the global healthcare system. The currently available vaccines mainly induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which are prone to ant...

CD169 is a sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-1, sialoadhesin) that is expressed by subsets of tissue-resident macrophages and circulating monocytes. This receptor interacts with α2,3-linked Neu5Ac on glycoproteins as well a...

Background/Objectives: Understanding the factors influencing breakthrough infections following COVID-19 vaccination is critical for disease prevention, especially in households where transmission risks are high. Factors such as age, symptoms, living...

Background/Objectives: Individuals with immunocompromising conditions are at high risk of developing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness. This phase 3, single-arm study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent RSV prefusion...

Background/Objectives: An overwhelming burden to clinics, herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is a painful disease that occurs frequently among aged individuals with a varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection history. The cause of shingles is the reactiva...

Background/Objectives: Potency is a critical quality attribute for vaccine development as well as clinical drug product (DP) lot release and stability testing. Animal studies have the potential to offer conclusive insights about the potency of vaccin...

Background/Objectives: In 2022, the full-scale invasion in Ukraine forced over 6 million Ukrainians, primarily mothers and children, to seek safety outside of the country. This massive influx has posed a significant challenge to the Polish healthcare...

Background: Personalized cancer vaccines based on tumor neoantigens show great potential in cancer immunotherapy due to their high safety and specificity. However, it is inherently difficult to realize the efficiently targeted delivery of personalize...

Background: The prevalence of chronic conditions that increase the risk of influenza complications is high among individuals aged ≥50 years, and evidence suggests age-related changes in immune responses to vaccines begin to decline at this age. Pe...

Background and Objectives: Romania has the highest rate of cervical cancer in Europe. The aim of this study is to measure the level of sexual health knowledge among participants and determine the extent to which factors such as age, gender, education...

Background: Residual blood specimens offer a cost- and time-efficient alternative for conducting serological surveys. However, their use is often criticized due to potential issues with the representativeness of the target population and/or limited a...

Background/Objectives: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackieviruses A16 (CA16), A10 (CA10), and A6 (CA6) are the primary pathogens that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Currently, many manufacturers are developing bivalent, trivalent, and te...

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of a novel subunit-targeted vaccine against BVDV in six dairy farms in Argentina. Methods: Reproductive, health, and production parameters—including conception and abortion rates, open days, calves bor...

The first cases of COVID-19 were reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China [...]

Background: A key component in modern vaccine development is the adjuvant, which enhances and/or modulates the antigen-specific immune response. In recent years, nanoparticle (NP)-based adjuvants have attracted much research attention owing to their...

Background/Objectives: Following previous successful Phase I clinical trials conducted in men and women in a non-endemic area for schistosomiasis in Brazil, the Sm14 vaccine was evaluated in an endemic region in Senegal. We report successful clinical...

Background/Objectives: As with many viral fusion proteins, the native conformation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is metastable. Most COVID-19 vaccines utilize a stabilized Spike (Spike-2P) containing two proline substitutions, and subsequently, a further stabi...

Background/Objectives: Immunotherapy has shown promising results in some cancers, but its efficacy remains limited in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Vaccines in nanoparticle form (nanovaccines) can incorporate immunostimulating components t...

Background/Objectives: Acute otitis media is a common pediatric infection caused primarily by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. With rising antibiotic resistance, vaccines are essential for combating this public health issue. Although the PD-1/PD-L...

Background/Objectives: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has largely concluded, the varied trajectories it has followed in different regions of the world remain incompletely understood. Intensive research is needed to fully grasp its course and the impl...

Background/Objectives: Commercial poultry flocks undergo Salmonella vaccinations to manage salmonellosis outbreaks. Due to reports of severe injection site reactions to Salmonella bacterins, assessment of local inflammatory responses is necessary. Th...

Background/Objectives: Long-term studies on the immune response following multiple doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines remain limited. Methods: Secondary analyses of data from a cohort of non-immunocompromised subjects who received two doses of BNT162b...

Vaccination strategies play a pivotal role in achieving broad and robust immune protection. With the advent of new technologies and challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, evaluating the efficacy of homologous (matching t...

Background: Several influenza vaccine formulations are available, including adjuvanted, high-dose, trivalent, and quadrivalent vaccines, and direct, comparative evidence on the relative effectiveness is limited. Real-life data on the potential impact...

Mpox, an emerging zoonotic infectious disease, presents a significant public health threat, especially among high-risk groups like female sex workers and men who have sex with men. This commentary reviews and summarizes Rwanda’s response to mpo...

Background: Vaccination constitutes a low-cost, safe, and efficient public health measure that can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases and benefit the community. The fact that vaccination effectiveness varies among populations, and that th...

Background/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (M. tuberculosis), primarily affects the lungs. The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only available TB vaccine. Guinea pigs serve as a...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a significant global health threat, especially to infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. This review comprehensively explores the progress in RSV vaccine development, the immune evaluation m...

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae infections pose a great burden worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality, which are worsened by the increase in multidrug-resistant strains. New therapeutic/prophylactic strategies are urgently needed to overco...

Background: This paper investigates the long-term effects of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine on healthcare, education, and economic outcomes using a novel dataset from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register. Methods: To address p...

Background: Since 1974, Essential Programme on Immunisation managers from ten Central African countries meet yearly with partners to review progress made and share experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of immunization programmes. Th...

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a predominant cause of cervical cancer globally in women. HPV-related cancers in men are also on the rise. Immunization against HPV infection is a highly effective preventative against these cancer...

Background/Objectives. Bovine botulism, although relatively rare, presents significant economic losses due to high mortality rates and restrictions on livestock product trade. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for preventing botulism-re...

Background: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major pathogen of the bovine respiratory disease complex and causes regular severe winter outbreaks of respiratory disease in cattle. It is therefore responsible for important economic losses...

In August 2020, the World Health Assembly approved the global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer, envisioning a world where it seizes to be a public health problem. The cervical cancer elimination initiative reinforces the commitment to fulfilling...

Background: The therapeutic blockade of the PD1/PD-L1 axis with monoclonal antibodies has led to a breakthrough in cancer treatment, as it plays a key role in the immune evasion of tumors. Nevertheless, treating patients with cancer with vaccines tha...

Background: Various factors influence the immunologic responses to HBV vaccines in adults, including unchangeable individual characteristics. Personalized vaccination regimens accounting for host factors can enhance immune efficiency, particularly fo...

Background/Objectives: Targeted delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) is an effective strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy. Methods: In this study, dual-targeting fusion proteins (GRFT-VHH54 and GRFT-VHH74) were constructed by fusing Griff...

Background. The pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which are responsible for the MERS outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively, continue to infect humans, with significant adverse outcomes. There is a continuing need to...

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), members of the lipid kinase family, play a significant role in modulating immune cell functions, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Recent studies have identified the PI3K signaling pathway a...

Background/Objectives: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging, widely distributed zoonotic tick-borne pathogen. The virus causes severe disease in humans, and numerous wild and domestic animals act as reservoirs of it. Unf...

Background/Objectives: Equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) enters through the upper respiratory tract (URT) and causes respiratory disease, abortions, and myeloencephalopathy in equids. Pre-existing immunity at the viral entry site, especially mucosal...

Background: Few reports exist regarding the incidence and factors associated with allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines during post-marketing surveillance, especially for inactivated whole virus or viral vector vaccines. We aimed to determine the i...

Background/Objectives: The current national vaccination program does not completely control the transmission of Bordetella pertussis in Croatia. This cross-sectional seroprevalence study aimed to measure the prevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis...

Background: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) can lead to severe and fatal outcomes. Vaccines against meningococcus (serogroups B, MenB; or ACWY, MenACWY) are recommended for patients at high risk of developing IMD. Our aim was to identify high-ri...

Background: This study aims to analyze the vaccination status and factors influencing delayed vaccination among toddlers born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers. Methods: Data of HBsAg-positive mothers between 1 January 2021 and...

Cell-derived, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising tools in diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine applications. Their unique properties including the capability to encapsulate diverse molecular cargo as well as the versatil...