2026 May - 112 articles
Background/Objectives: Continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion (CSFLI) improves motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), but some patients continue to experience residual motor and non-motor fluctuations despit...
Background: Workplace victimization is a form of repeated and systematic psychological violence that can severely affect both mental and physical health. From a psychological perspective, it impacts mood states, defense mechanisms, and personality fu...
Primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a major clinical challenge worldwide due to their high morbidity, aggressive biological behavior, and limited therapeutic options [...]
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent environmental contaminant primarily ingested through seafood consumption. Gestational exposure induces profound neurological and developmental deficits in the fetus that often persist throughout childhood. This develo...
Background/Objectives: The main aim of this article is to introduce a novel tool that allows the automatic scoring of many of the subtests from the conventional subpart of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT) and its German adaptation, the Neglect...
Background/Objectives: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, here on termed autistic children) exhibit motor difficulties in social and non-social contexts. Although previous studies have reported behavioral and neural characteristics, their r...
Objective: Recent research has expanded the understanding of the potential role of sympathetic nervous system activation in the implications of sleep-related movement disorders, particularly in the mechanisms of dopaminergic dysfunction and iron defi...
Traditional surgical decision-making in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has relied on static intracranial pressure (ICP) thresholds and fixed volumetric criteria, an approach that inadequately reflects the dynamic physiological nature of secondary brain...
Background: Treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous and clinically challenging condition. Growing evidence suggests alterations in glutamatergic signaling within cortico–striatal–thalamo–cort...
Background/Objectives: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in young individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and are associated with increased psychopathology and poorer clinical outcomes. However, sleep alterations in ED populations are heterogen...
Background: Neural stability, defined as trial-by-trial fluctuations in neural responses to the repetitive sensory input, is an indicator of neural processing stability. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) can provide an electrophysiological measur...
Background: Anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas (ACF DAVFs) usually receive ethmoidal dural supply. Pial arterial supply has been described in intracranial DAVFs, including ACF DAVFs, but a dominant orbitofrontal pial feeder can creat...
Background: Reaction time (RT) is a fundamental measure of information processing speed in cognitive neuroscience and is influenced by both structural and functional brain properties. While prior studies have independently linked white matter microst...
Background/Objectives: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a non-invasive, implant-compatible imaging modality capable of capturing cortical hemodynamics during ecologically valid auditory and linguistic tasks. Its silent ope...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most aggressive and therapeutically intractable primary brain tumor, with many patients experiencing rapid relapse despite maximal surgical resection followed by standard chemoradiation. This persistent failu...
Background: Proficient second language (L2) reading relies on complex neurocognitive processes. Neuroimaging studies have identified key brain regions recruited during L2 reading, including the left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL) and the calcarine c...
Background: The past decade has seen a reversal in the U.S long-term decline in age-adjusted mortality rate from stroke. Timely stroke detection can boost the patient’s chances for recovery by enabling life-saving treatment and informing the pa...
Background/Objectives: External ventricular drains (EVDs) are widely used in the management of intracranial hemorrhage and hydrocephalus; however, they carry a significant risk of device-related central nervous system infections, including ventriculi...
Background/Objectives: The growing aging population is susceptible to cognitive and memory impairment, most commonly due to Alzheimer’s disease, with no cures currently available. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques may serve to imp...
Background and Aims: Patients with malignancy are frequently excluded from randomized thrombectomy trials, and evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in this population remains incompletely defined. We aimed to com...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of Lewy bodies. Over recent decades, various cellular mechanisms un...
Background: Spasticity is a frequent and disabling complication in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC), yet its prevalence, distribution, evolution, and relationship with recovery of consciousness remain poorly characterized. Th...
Severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), are leading causes of global disability, yet current treatments remain largely symptomatic and fail to alter disease trajectories. Con...
Daylight Saving Time (DST) creates abrupt, externally imposed circadian disruptions that can impair sleep regulation, hormonal balance, cognitive performance, and emotional stability. Although these effects are known in the general population, indivi...
Background/Objectives: Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE) often remit in childhood, yet a subset of adults remain pharmacoresistant with substantial morbidity. The genetic basis of adult pharmacoresistant GGE is poorly defined. This descriptive stu...
Background/Objectives: Sleep problems, cognitive deficits, and mood disorders are prevalent in justice-involved populations, especially among individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), though the association between these variables r...
Background/Objectives: The human performance envelope (HPE) is a multidimensional model that represents the range in which an individual operator’s performance is acceptable or begins to become dangerous. Although several alternative models hav...
Background/Objectives: Suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescence remain difficult to assess due to their multifactorial and fluctuating nature. Performance-based measures may provide additional information on psychological correlates associated w...
The journal retracts and removes the article, “Normative Data for the D-KEFS Tower Test in Greek Adult Population Between 20 and 85 Years Old” [...]
Background/Objectives: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is an increasingly prevalent neurosurgical condition in the aging population. Burr hole craniotomy (BHC) with irrigation and postoperative drainage represents the evidence-based standard of care...
Background/Objectives: Fatigue is a common symptom in adults with cerebral palsy (CP), characterized by fluctuations across the day. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA...
Purpose: This study investigated whether an acute bout of submaximal unilateral arm cycling elicits sustained changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the homologous muscles of the non-exercise...
The brain is an extremely complex organ whose function depends on the precise coordination of molecular, cellular, and network processes [...]
The scientific pursuit of understanding human “emotion” has historically been plagued by a fundamental lack of conceptual consensus. Researchers, clinicians, and the lay public frequently utilize terms such as “emotion,” &ldqu...
Background/Objectives: Visuospatial impairments are among the earliest cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), yet standard assessments often lack ecological validity and focus on isolated domains. This stud...
Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the experience or belief that one’s own actions directly lead to a particular event in the body or external world. SoA does not arise from a single mechanism; rather, evidence suggests the integration of predicti...
The nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfav-PPA) and primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) are neurodegenerative syndromes that raise diagnostic challenges related to several issues. First, there are two divergent co...
Background/Objectives: Mental fatigue during driving can arise under different task conditions and typically progresses from mild to severe states. Active fatigue is usually linked to cognitively demanding driving, whereas passive fatigue is associat...
Background/Objectives: Adversarial domain adaptation methods are widely used in EEG-based emotion recognition to reduce the influence of individual differences and the non-stationary characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Most existin...
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in neurocritical care. Vitamin D plays a role in immune modulation, endothelial function, and neuroprotection; however, its impact on outcomes...
Background/Objectives: Upper-limb motor dysfunction is common after stroke, and patients often have limited recovery during rehabilitation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between contralesional neurophysiological parameters a...
Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder involving motor and non-motor features. Voluntary movement abnormalities, including movement slowness (bradykinesia), have been frequently described in ET. Among non-motor sympt...
Background/Objectives: Mindfulness has been identified as a protective factor in promoting adaptive psychological outcomes among cancer patients, yet the mechanisms linking mindfulness to fundamental existential beliefs, such as basic hope, remain un...
Cognition in older adults may be influenced by environmental factors; however, the pathways linking environmental exposures and cognition remain unclear. The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize evidence on the association between the enviro...
Background/Objectives: Preservation of critical white matter (WM) pathways is essential for maximizing surgical safety in neuro-oncology and functional neurosurgery. Constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) offers superior modeling of complex fiber...
Background/Objectives: High-altitude exposure represents a complex psychophysiological stressor involving hypoxia, physical effort, sleep disruption and psychological strain. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a key role in stress regulation, yet...
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling is a central regulator of corticogenesis, governing haveneural stem cell behavior, fate transitions, neuronal migration, and circuit assembly. Beyond its canonical role as a second messenger, Ca2+ shapes cytoske...
This review explores the hypothesis that schizophrenic symptoms may be understood not as isolated deficits, but as interconnected manifestations of a structural reorganization of consciousness. The premises of this work are grounded in a comparative...
Intracranial aneurysms are common vascular lesions with a highly variable natural history. While most unruptured intracranial aneurysms remain stable throughout life, a biologically aggressive subset progresses to growth and rupture, resulting in ane...
Behavioral parent training (BPT) is a front-line psychosocial treatment for childhood ADHD, yet its real-world effectiveness is often constrained by parents’ ability to consistently implement learned strategies. Parental ADHD is a prevalent and...
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