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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Eye-Tracking Monitoring of Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions Across Life Span
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Eye-Tracking Monitoring of Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions Across Life Span

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Behavioral Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 2306

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Cavallo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy
Interests: clinical neuropsychology; behavioral neuroscience; eye tracking; neurodegenerative disorders; neuropsychological rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Juan Esteban Kamienkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Computer Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
Interests: cognitive neuroscience; eye-tracking; computational models; electroencephalography; executive functions disorders; executive functions development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eye tracking has emerged as a pivotal tool in the study of neurological and psychiatric conditions across a person’s life span. This methodology has evolved to provide precise insights into cognitive processes, allowing us to enhance our understanding of various conditions, from developmental disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder) to cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment or dementias.

The aim of this Special Issue is to explore the application of eye-tracking technologies in the monitoring and assessment of neurological and psychiatric conditions throughout the human life span. We are interested in fostering knowledge about the complex relationship between eye movements and cognitive–emotional processing by investigating how these dynamics change in response to various neurological and psychiatric conditions.

We invite the submissions of empirical studies, theoretical reviews, and methodological advancements. Papers may address diverse topics such as the use of eye tracking in diagnosing and monitoring neurological and/or psychiatric conditions, identifying digital biomarkers relevant to specific disorders, exploring the developmental trajectory of eye movement patterns, or implementing therapeutic interventions driven by eye-tracking data.

This Special Issue aims to foster a deeper understanding of how eye tracking can contribute to both basic and clinical neuroscience, ultimately paving the way for innovative strategies in diagnosis and treatment.

We encourage researchers from diverse disciplines to contribute their findings and insights, promoting a comprehensive dialogue on this burgeoning field.

Dr. Marco Cavallo
Dr. Juan Esteban Kamienkowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gaze patterns
  • eye tracking
  • mild cognitive impairment
  • multiple sclerosis
  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • saccades

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 781 KiB  
Review
Eye-Tracking Metrics as a Digital Biomarker for Neurocognitive Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review
by Sonja Cecchetti, Andrew T. Duchowski and Marco Cavallo
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020149 - 31 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease classified as neurodegenerative because it can be associated with the more or less progressive development of neurological symptoms and cognitive deficits. In recent years, various studies have started to investigate eye movements in relation to cognitive [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease classified as neurodegenerative because it can be associated with the more or less progressive development of neurological symptoms and cognitive deficits. In recent years, various studies have started to investigate eye movements in relation to cognitive impairment in persons with MS by means of eye-tracking equipment. However, the high heterogeneity of the paradigms used in different studies, as well as the different methodologies included, makes it difficult to provide a complete and precise picture of this important research and clinical issue. The purpose of the present in-depth scoping review was to map the existing literature in this field to determine which metrics may be relevant when dealing with the neurocognitive profile of people with MS. From the analyses of the included studies, the anti-saccade latency and errors were the most frequently proposed metrics. Correlation analyses between these metrics and cognitive measures showed significant associations between them, calling for a deeper investigation of this promising research and clinical field. The results of the present scoping review strongly suggest that eye tracking may play a crucial role in clinical practice during the early detection of neurocognitive disorders. There is a great need for primary research that addresses the full complexity of MS in its different phenotypes and the disease-related variables from a multidisciplinary perspective. Future research should clarify whether oculomotor dysfunction in MS follows or precedes cognitive deficits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye-Tracking Monitoring of Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions Across Life Span)
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17 pages, 3590 KiB  
Protocol
Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Cerebral Hemodynamic Monitoring in Infants: A Guide for Pediatric Outpatient Follow-Up
by Valéria Azevedo de Almeida, Maria Clara Lima da Cruz, Nicole Rodrigues Morais, Italo Vinicius Tavares Rodrigues, Cintia Ricaele Ferreira da Silva, Edgard Morya and Silvana Alves Pereira
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(5), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050469 - 28 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Simultaneous eye tracking and cerebral hemodynamic monitoring contribute to the understanding of neural responses to stimuli in infants. However, exploring the impact of complex socioeconomic and environmental adversities on neurodevelopment requires transitioning this tool from research laboratories into clinical practice to evaluate its [...] Read more.
Simultaneous eye tracking and cerebral hemodynamic monitoring contribute to the understanding of neural responses to stimuli in infants. However, exploring the impact of complex socioeconomic and environmental adversities on neurodevelopment requires transitioning this tool from research laboratories into clinical practice to evaluate its feasibility in outpatient contexts. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to present a protocol for simultaneously integrating functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with eye tracking (ET) in infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in a clinical setting with limited resources, during a cognitive task. Methods:The protocol was applied to infants in their first 12 months of life. The infants were exposed to tasks involving the processing of social and non-social stimuli, while their brain signals were monitored using fNIRS and their eyes were tracked with ET. The protocol included three main stages: (1) pre-collection, involving the preparation and habituation of the infants and equipment setup (fNIRS and ET); (2) cognitive function monitoring, using social and non-social stimuli to assess preferential processing via fNIRS and ET; and (3) post-collection, with guidelines for data pre-processing and analysis. Results: The application of the protocol allowed for the identification of technical challenges and the adaptation of procedures for clinical use. The main methodological challenges were difficulty using the conventional cap, excessive movement, synchronization issues between fNIRS and ET, and difficulties calibrating both devices across different age groups. Conclusions: The standardization proposed in this protocol enables healthcare professionals to explore different neurocognitive aspects in pediatric clinical settings and expands the scope of neurodevelopmental assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye-Tracking Monitoring of Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions Across Life Span)
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