- Article
Overcoming Obstacles: Perspective on How Mediterranean Oaks Defend Their Acorns from Insect Seed Predators
- David A. Oropesa-Olmedo,
- Enrique Andivia,
- Michał Reut,
- Pablo Cisneros and
- Raúl Bonal
Insect pre-dispersal seed predators attack a large proportion of the acorn crops in oak forests worldwide. Oaks (Quercus spp.) have evolved several strategies, including physical barriers, chemical defenses (e.g., tannins), and/or phenological predat...

