2026 October-1 - 192 articles
Background/Objectives: Multiple imaging modalities are available for non-invasive hepatic fat quantification. We performed a hypothesis-generating methods-comparison study to compare liver fat fraction (FF) measurements obtained using magnetic resona...
Background: Panoramic dental radiographs frequently contain multiple coexisting pathological, anatomical, and treatment-related findings that vary in scale, contrast, and boundary definition. Although recent one-stage detectors provide strong perform...
Background/Objectives: Pulmonary artery (PA) dilatation and slow-flow are imaging features of pulmonary hypertension (PH), but their quantitative assessment on routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) remains limited. This study aimed to devel...
Background/Objectives: Risk stratification of thyroid nodules classified as categories III–IV in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) remains challenging. This study evaluated the incremental diagnostic value of cell...
Background/Objectives: In this paper, we propose ultrasound normalized weighted cumulative residual entropy (NWCRE) imaging, a novel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique derived from the information-theoretic weighted cumulative residual entropy (...
Although evaluating coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) via stress echocardiography (SE) has been available for over three decades, its integration into routine clinical practice remains underutilized globally despite substantial technical and conc...
Artificial intelligence (AI) for thyroid nodules should be evaluated against the decisions it changes, not diagnostic accuracy alone. This critical narrative review examines ultrasound, cytology, histology, and molecular models and distinguishes moda...
Background/Objectives: Chronic critical illness (CCI) is increasingly recognized as a major challenge in intensive care, yet its definition remains heterogeneous. The triad of inflammation, catabolism, and immunosuppression (ICS) is central to propos...
A chronic abdominal wall sinus tract caused by heterotopic cutaneous adnexa arising from the colonic serosa is extremely rare and readily misdiagnosed. We report a 39-year-old woman with congenital scoliosis and a 30-year history of intermittent, odo...
Background: Centrifugation-based hematocrit (Hct) testing remains widely used in decentralized primary care settings where access to automated hematology analyzers may be limited. Appropriate proficiency testing (PT) performance assessment therefore...
Influenza in pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of severe respiratory disease and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, particularly later in gestation. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on epidemiology, pathophysiology, placental...
Background: Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis (scrofula) is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, although its coexistence with massive pleural effusion is uncommon and may delay diagnosis because of its nonspecific clinical presentat...
Right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) is a difficult clinical problem, particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID), in whom large tricuspid vegetations may be complicated by severe regurgitation and septic pulmonary embolization. We describ...
Background/Objectives: Quantitative MRI data describing the infraclavicular brachial plexus cords together with both axillary vessels remain limited. This study characterized artery-centered cord topography and neurovascular morphometry on 0.55 T MRI...
Background/Objectives: Diagnostic delay remains a major challenge in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), yet factors associated with delay in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Gulf remain poorly characterized. We examined clinical factors associated with dia...
Background/Objectives: The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio has been proposed as an integrated marker of atherogenic and anti-atherogenic lipoprotein balance. This study assessed its association with the presence and angiographic...
Background/Objectives: Monitoring and evaluating respiratory rate (RR) plays a critical role during emergency transport. Conventional RR measurement methods have primarily relied on electrocardiogram-based approaches, which are susceptible to large e...
Background/Objectives: Patients with community-acquired pneumonia at risk of multidrug-resistant pathogens (CAP-MDR) represent a high-risk population in which empiric therapy is frequently inadequate. Evidence on the impact of multiplex syndromic pan...
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common and biologically heterogeneous subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. While immunochemotherapy has improved outcomes, survival remains variable due to substantial molecular diversity. In people livin...
Background/Objectives: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as decision-support tools in radiology, yet their influence on clinical decision-making remains a significant concern. This study evaluates how artificial intelligence (AI)-gen...
Background: Early neurological decompensation is a clinically relevant concern following intracranial surgery, but factors associated with this early outcome remain incompletely characterized. This study evaluated factors associated with neurological...
Background/Objectives: The Elecsys HCV Duo immunoassay simultaneously detects HCV core antigen (HCV Ag) and anti-HCV antibodies in a single sample. We evaluated its clinical performance against a standard-of-care reference algorithm of anti-HCV antib...
Background/Objectives: Patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) complements traditional internal quality control. This study validates a ratio-based PBRTQC integrating department clustering with inter-instrument ratio monitoring. Methods: Cre...
Background: In patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, newly identified visceral or pulmonary lesions may represent progression of the known malignancy or, less commonly, a distinct second primary tumor. Histopathological and immunohistochemical e...
Background: Nuclear atypia is associated with an increased risk of malignancy in Bethesda III thyroid nodules; however, reactive nuclear changes related to Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) may complicate its interpretation. We investigated whether HT modif...
Background: Transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of rectal diameter is increasingly used as a non-invasive adjunct for assessing rectal distension and fecal loading in children. However, interpretation is limited by the lack of age-stratified...
Background/Objectives: Dedicated coronary CT angiography (CCTA) without physical electrocardiographic gating may simplify acquisition, but segment-level interpretability may vary across the coronary tree. We evaluated coronary segment evaluability an...
Background: Intraplacental hematomas are uncommon placental lesions with potentially significant clinical implications, and their antenatal diagnosis remains challenging. This case report aims to present a rare case of a rapidly enlarging intraplacen...
Background/Objectives: Routinely collected biomarker data are generated through selective testing. We examined associations of observed clinical and operational factors with biomarker availability and explored the incremental discrimination provided...
Background/Objectives: In clinical circumstances with more than one headache disorder, misrecognition can occur if each headache disorder is not separately and individually evaluated. For example, consider the case of a patient with baseline tension-...
Background/Objectives: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increasingly reports Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) in patients without classical Whipple disease, but the significance of these detections...
Background: The prognostic significance of p53 immunohistochemical expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains controversial, particularly following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The relationship between p53 immunohistochemical expre...
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises multiple histopathological subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and clinical behavior. Despite advances in conventional imaging, the detection of small RCC lesions or distant metastases re...
Background/Objectives: Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted helminth that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. In non-endemic clinical settings, recommended diagnostic strategies rely on serology alone or in comb...
Background/Objective: Spleen volume can vary depending on physiological conditions, systemic diseases, and various clinical factors. However, the relationship between the anatomical changes resulting from the surgical removal of an organ adjacent to...
The accuracy reported for detecting apical periodontitis using artificial intelligence (AI) is generally interpreted as accuracy against the disease; however, this is usually not the case. Compared with histopathology, single-view periapical radiogra...
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is performed primarily for cardiac indications, but the acoustic window frequently includes portions of the lung, particularly once normal aeration is lost. We present the intraoperative TEE findings in a 56-yea...
Background/Objectives: Bowel resection is often required for complete cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer, and some units perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy beforehand. We compared the endoscopic biopsy findings with the hi...
Background and Clinical Significance: The current WHO classification recognizes gonadoblastoma and mixed germ cell–sex cord-stromal tumor, unclassified, as distinct ovarian germ cell–sex cord-stromal tumors. Their heterogeneous components...
Background: Mixed epithelial stromal tumour (MEST) is a rare biphasic neoplasm, most commonly arising in the kidney. Seminal vesicle involvement is exceedingly uncommon, and its clinical and imaging characteristics remain poorly defined. We present a...
Background/Objectives: Cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the main prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and guides the extent of neck treatment. This retrospective pilot study aimed to develop MRI-based radiomics machine lear...
Background/Objectives: Haemogram-derived inflammatory indices are proposed as inexpensive markers of endometrial neoplasia, but almost all supporting evidence is prognostic, from women already known to have carcinoma. We compared six indices head-to-...
Background/Objectives: This study assessed diagnostic performance, explored diagnostic barriers, and developed an assessment tool for case-based diagnostic performance and associated challenges specific to pediatric OFCs. Methods: An exploratory sequ...
Background: Thromboelastography (TEG) assesses global coagulation, but its sensitivity for factor deficiencies is reportedly low and may depend on the contact activator. However, the differential TEG sensitivity of contact activators for individual f...
Background/Objectives: We evaluated a hypothetical oracle strategy that assumes BRAFV600E status is known before fine-needle aspiration (FNA), although testing usually requires FNA-derived material. Methods: This retrospective simulation included 494...
Background: Handheld ultrasound (HHUS) is increasingly used in point-of-care imaging because of its portability, accessibility, versatility, and comparatively low cost. Methods: This structured narrative technical review evaluated current HHUS techno...
Background/Objectives: HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) share major transmission routes and may coexist in the same individual, making coordinated molecular assessment clinically important. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal laboratory-based stu...
Background/Objectives: Skene’s gland malignancies are extremely rare tumors of the female paraurethral region, known almost exclusively from case reports and small case series. Their diagnosis is often delayed because symptoms are nonspecific a...
Objective: Carotid endarterectomy carries the risk of cerebral ischemia during carotid clamping. Traditional risk stratification relies on anatomic factors such as contralateral stenosis, yet these predictors demonstrate limited sensitivity for intra...
An accurate diagnosis does not ensure that a patient understands its implications or receives appropriate care. This critical narrative review draws on purposively selected literature studies on diagnostic labels, explanations of test results, nocebo...
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