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Diagnostics
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Diagnostic Progress in Gynecologic Oncology
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Diagnostic Progress in Gynecologic Oncology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 3271

Editor

Prof. Dr. Antoni Llueca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Multidisciplinary Unit of Abdominopelvic Oncological Surgery (MUAPOS), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, 12004 Castellón, Spain
2. Oncological Surgery Research Group (OSRG), Department of Medicine, University Jaume I (UJI), 12004 Castellón, Spain
Interests: laparoscopic surgery; surgical oncology; gynecologic oncology; ovarian cancer; endometrial cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynecologic oncology is undergoing a remarkable transformation, fueled by advances in diagnostic imaging, molecular biology, and biomarker research. Early and accurate diagnosis remains fundamental to improving outcomes in patients with malignancies of the female reproductive tract, including cervical, endometrial, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancers.

Despite recent progress, significant challenges remain—such as differentiating benign from malignant lesions, refining staging procedures, and incorporating molecular diagnostics into routine clinical practice.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances and future perspectives in the diagnostic landscape of gynecologic cancers. We welcome submissions that focus on both established and emerging diagnostic tools—such as advanced imaging, novel pathology techniques, genomic and epigenomic profiling, and AI-assisted diagnostics—and how they contribute to earlier detection, more accurate staging, and personalized therapeutic decision-making.

We invite original research articles, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews that investigate diagnostic innovations across the spectrum of gynecologic malignancies. Our goal is to foster a multidisciplinary dialogue that promotes more efficient, accurate, and individualized approaches in gynecologic cancer diagnosis.

Prof. Dr. Antoni Llueca
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gynecologic oncology
  • early diagnosis
  • molecular diagnostics
  • imaging techniques
  • artificial intelligence
  • biomarkers
  • cervical cancer
  • endometrial cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • personalized medicine

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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14 pages, 459 KB  
Article
Additional Diagnostic Yield of Endocervical Curettage in Type 3 Transformation Zone for High-Grade Cervical Lesions: A Retrospective Analysis by Human Papillomavirus Genotype
by Elena Lavinia Rusu, Victor Bogdan Buciu, Lavinia Balan, Denis Mihai Serban, Jasmina Chiriac and Veronica Daniela Chiriac
Diagnostics 2026, 16(8), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16081220 - 19 Apr 2026
Viewed by 514
Abstract
Background/Objectives: When the squamocolumnar junction is not fully visible (type 3 transformation zone), colposcopy-directed biopsy may under-sample endocervical disease. Endocervical curettage (ECC) is recommended in selected settings, but its incremental diagnostic yield in this setting, and whether this yield is concentrated in women [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: When the squamocolumnar junction is not fully visible (type 3 transformation zone), colposcopy-directed biopsy may under-sample endocervical disease. Endocervical curettage (ECC) is recommended in selected settings, but its incremental diagnostic yield in this setting, and whether this yield is concentrated in women with HPV16/18, remains clinically debated. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of women referred to colposcopy because of HPV16/18 positivity regardless of cytology, persistent non-16/18 high-risk HPV positivity, and non-16/18 high-risk HPV positivity with abnormal cytology. Persistent non-16/18 high-risk HPV positivity was defined as repeated positivity on two tests performed at least 6 months apart. Eligible women had type 3 transformation zone documented and underwent paired ectocervical biopsy plus ECC at the same visit; biopsy was obtained in all women, including targeted sampling of the most abnormal ectocervical area when no discrete lesion was evident. Women were stratified by HPV genotype into HPV16/18 and non-16/18 high-risk HPV groups. The primary outcome was index high-grade cervical lesion, defined histologically as CIN2, CIN3, or carcinoma in situ; invasive cervical cancer was excluded. The added diagnostic yield of ECC was defined as ECC-only CIN2+, that is, CIN2+ detected on ECC when biopsy was <CIN2. Results: The cohort included 690 women (HPV16/18: 310; non-16/18 high-risk HPV: 380). Baseline cytology was negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy in 116 individuals (16.8%), ASC-US in 155 (22.5%), LSIL in 205 (29.7%), and ASC-H/HSIL in 214 (31.0%). On index composite histology, 122/690 (17.7%) had CIN2, 198/690 (28.7%) had CIN3, and 11/690 (1.6%) had carcinoma in situ. ECC identified CIN2+ not detected by biopsy in 19/690 (2.8%) cases, representing 19/331 (5.7%) of all CIN2+ diagnoses. ECC-only CIN2+ was more frequent in HPV16/18 than non-16/18 high-risk HPV (4.5% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.017). In multivariable analysis, HPV16/18 was associated with increased odds of ECC-only CIN2+ (aOR 3.22, 95% CI 1.10–9.44). No invasive cervical cancers were included in the analytic cohort. Conclusions: In type 3 transformation zone colposcopy, ECC adds a modest incremental yield for CIN2+ detection, with higher yield in HPV16/18-positive women. These findings support a risk-weighted approach to ECC rather than universal routine sampling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Progress in Gynecologic Oncology)
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12 pages, 486 KB  
Article
Recurrence Rate and Associated Factors of Mucinous Borderline Ovarian Tumors and Mucinous Ovarian Carcinomas: A Retrospective Study in the South of Vietnam
by Tuan M. Vo, Ha Le, Uyen Huynh, Thuy L. Tran, Nhinh V. Chau and Nam H. Nguyen
Diagnostics 2026, 16(4), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040562 - 13 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Introduction: Mucinous ovarian tumors are the second most common type of epithelial ovarian tumors. This study aimed to determine the recurrence rates and risk factors for mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (MBOTs) and mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOCs). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted [...] Read more.
Introduction: Mucinous ovarian tumors are the second most common type of epithelial ovarian tumors. This study aimed to determine the recurrence rates and risk factors for mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (MBOTs) and mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOCs). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 188 patients at Tu Du Hospital, Vietnam, from May 2019 to March 2023, with follow-ups until August 2024. The recurrence rates were calculated using life tables, while associated factors were analyzed through the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The median time to recurrence was 13 months (range: 9–19 months), with twelve patients experiencing a recurrence. Overall cumulative recurrence rates (both MBOT and MOC) were 2.66% at 12 months, 5.32% at 24 months, and 6.45% at 36, 48, and 60 months. In the MBOT group, the recurrence rate was 5.80% at 60 months, while in the MOC group, it was 7.65% at 60 months. A significant relationship was found between higher recurrence rates and larger tumor size (1 cm increase resulted in a 10% risk reduction, HR = 0.90, p < 0.05), advanced FIGO stages (Stage III compared to Stage I, HR = 16.07, p < 0.05), and capsule rupture (HR = 6.79, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The total recurrence rate of MBOT and MOC after 60 months in Southern Vietnam was 6.45%. It is crucial to adopt follow-up strategies for high-risk patients to ensure early detection and treatment of recurrences. Additional studies with longer follow-up are necessary to identify late recurrences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Progress in Gynecologic Oncology)
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13 pages, 766 KB  
Article
Development of a Prognostic Nomogram in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Based on KELIM: A Retrospective Study at TuDu Hospital, Vietnam
by Hoang T. Pham, Tuan M. Vo, Le N. N. Phan and Hien T. Nguyen
Diagnostics 2026, 16(1), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16010151 - 2 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1042
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes the predominant form of ovarian malignancies. The primary goal of this study was to determine predictors of patient survival and construct a nomogram for survival prediction in individuals diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes the predominant form of ovarian malignancies. The primary goal of this study was to determine predictors of patient survival and construct a nomogram for survival prediction in individuals diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed, including 418 patients who received treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer at Tu Du Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. The median follow-up time was 77.1 months (range: 5.7–121.6 months). Survival analyses were conducted using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. A nomogram was developed, incorporating KELIM and other statistically significant variables. Results: The median follow-up time was 77.1 months. The observed cumulative mortality rates were 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7–3.2), 10.4% (95% CI: 7.8–13.8), and 16.5% (95% CI: 13.2–20.6) at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Factors demonstrating a significant correlation with survival included KELIM < 1 (HR = 1.78 [95% CI: 1.16–2.72]), pre-treatment CA-125 levels ≥ 35 U/mL (HR = 2.47 [95% CI: 1.10–5.55]), FIGO stages III-IV (HR = 2.40 [95% CI: 1.36–4.21]), and the presence of residual tumor tissue following surgical intervention (HR = 3.14 [95% CI: 1.75–5.65]). Conclusions: Prognosis is significantly influenced by KELIM, pre-treatment CA-125, tumor stage, and residual tumor post-surgery. The nomogram developed here offers a tool to assist in personalized prognostic assessments of Vietnamese EOC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Progress in Gynecologic Oncology)
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