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Land, Volume 14, Issue 12

December 2025 - 151 articles

Cover Story: Deep learning is increasingly shaping how landscapes are observed, classified, and interpreted, yet its application in wilderness remains conceptually and methodologically underexamined. This paper provides critical insights into the practical use of deep learning for wilderness analysis using Copernicus Sentinel-2 data. Focusing on realistic computational constraints, the study evaluates widely adopted architectures, batch sizes, and spectral configurations through image classification and semantic segmentation experiments on the AnthroProtect dataset in Fennoscandia. The findings challenge common assumptions about model complexity and transfer learning in Earth observation, and highlight the need for more context-aware and efficiency-driven design choices. The work provides a grounded perspective on how deep learning can be applied more effectively in wilderness monitoring practices. View this paper
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Articles (151)

  • Article
  • Open Access
274 Views
18 Pages

18 December 2025

Recognizable and distinctive streets are essential not only for navigation but also for fostering place identity and therefore socio-environmental sustainability in cities. The recognition depends on both high-level visual features (e.g., buildings,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
285 Views
22 Pages

Integrating Microtopographic Engineering with Native Plant Functional Diversity to Support Restoration of Degraded Arid Ecosystems

  • Yassine Fendane,
  • Mohamed Djamel Miara,
  • Hassan Boukcim,
  • Sami D. Almalki,
  • Shauna K. Rees,
  • Abdalsamad Aldabaa,
  • Ayman Abdulkareem and
  • Ahmed H. Mohamed

18 December 2025

Active restoration structures such as microtopographic water-harvesting designs are widely implemented in dryland ecosystems to improve soil moisture, reduce erosion, and promote vegetation recovery. We assessed the combined effects of planted specie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
367 Views
16 Pages

18 December 2025

The 2025 large-scale forest fire in North Gyeongsang Province (Gyeongbuk) caused habitat fragmentation and disrupted ecological networks. This study quantitatively assessed both structural and functional connectivity loss and derived scientifically g...

  • Review
  • Open Access
594 Views
27 Pages

How Has South Africa’s Land Reform Policy Performed from 1994 to 2024? Insights from a Review of Literature

  • Walter Shiba,
  • Mamakie Lungwana,
  • Khaled Abutaleb,
  • Manana Mamabolo,
  • Tribute Jabulile Mboweni,
  • Siphe Zantsi,
  • Mankaba Whitney Matli,
  • Portia Mdwebi,
  • Sipho Madyo and
  • Papi Kubeka

18 December 2025

South Africa’s land reform program is a cornerstone of efforts to redress historical injustices, guided by the 1997 White Paper on Land Reform Policy and structured around restitution, redistribution, and tenure reform. Three decades into imple...

  • Article
  • Open Access
336 Views
24 Pages

17 December 2025

Many cities worldwide face decline due to mineral-resource exhaustion, with mining-induced subsidence and land degradation posing urgent land use challenges. At the same time, carbon neutrality has become a global agenda, promoting ecological restora...

  • Article
  • Open Access
234 Views
16 Pages

17 December 2025

Landscape fragmentation as a process of landscape transformation affects the structure and composition of plant communities; however, relationships between fragmentation metrics and vegetation characteristics often remain weakly expressed and difficu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
307 Views
25 Pages

17 December 2025

Against the backdrop of accelerating population aging, urban green spaces have become primary venues for elderly daily activities, with their winter thermal comfort emerging as a critical determinant of senior wellbeing. However, existing studies lac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
296 Views
23 Pages

17 December 2025

The SDG 15.3.1 framework provides a standardized approach using land use/land cover (LULC) change, land productivity, and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics to assess land degradation. However, SDG 15.3.1. faces limitations like coarse resolutions of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
303 Views
23 Pages

17 December 2025

Enhancing the carbon sequestration (CS) capacity of urban green spaces is crucial for mitigating global warming, environmental degradation, and urbanisation-induced issues. This study focuses on the urban community unit to establish a system of deter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
464 Views
19 Pages

Geomorphological Characterization of the Colombian Orinoquia

  • Larry Niño,
  • Alexis Jaramillo-Justinico,
  • Víctor Villamizar,
  • Orlando Rangel,
  • Vladimir Minorta-Cely and
  • Daniel Sánchez-Mata

17 December 2025

The Colombian Orinoquia was shaped within a tectonic and sedimentary framework linked to the uplift of the Andean cordilleras during the Oligocene–Miocene. This orogenic event generated two tectonic fronts and facilitated extensive fluvial sedi...

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Land - ISSN 2073-445X