Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Volume 47, Issue 8

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale, membrane-bound particles secreted by diverse cell types and act as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication during bone regeneration. These vesicles transport bioactive cargo including proteins, lip...

Human milk, especially colostrum, is a biologically complex fluid with potent protective properties against gastrointestinal disturbances in infants. Among intestinal protozoa transmitted via the fecal–oral route, this review focuses on Giardia...

Despite significant medical advancements, two major health challenges persist: antibiotic resistance in microbial pathogens and drug resistance in cancer cells. To address these issues, research has increasingly focused on discovering novel natural c...

Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) has been used in complementary cancer therapy for decades, but its mechanisms remained poorly understood until recently. This review synthesizes transformative advances in mistletoe cancer research from 2020 to 2025, focus...

As an interspecies hybrid inheriting genetic material from horse and donkey lineages, mules provide a unique model for studying allele-specific regulatory dynamics. Here, we isolated adult fibroblasts (AFs) and placental fibroblasts (PFs) from mule t...

This study was conducted to elucidate the mitophagy-related differentially expressed genes (MRDEGs) in corneal endothelial dysfunction (CED) and to identify key hub genes that could provide insights into the disease pathogenesis and potential targete...

In the original publication [...]

Mesocotyl elongation is the key determinant of deep-sowing tolerance in maize. Sowing at an appropriate depth allows the seedling to exploit water and nutrients stored in deeper soil layers, thereby enhancing its ability to withstand drought and othe...

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, especially gliomas and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, present high aggressiveness, low response to current treatments and limited survival. Several biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosi...

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) results from the formation of the BCR-ABL1 chimeric protein which serves as a target for clinically used tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib mesylate (IM). Although very efficient, the development of res...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with KRAS mutations present in nearly 45% of cases. Compared to KRAS wild-type (WT) CRC, KRAS-mutant CRC is associated with poorer prognosis and fewer effective treatmen...

Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological cycles that regulate essential cardiovascular functions, including blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, and metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of these rhythms due to factors such as shift work, artifi...

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide, is known to induce pulmonary toxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Astaxanthin (ASX), a xanthophyll carotenoid derived primarily from marine microalgae (Haema...

Aralia chinensis L. has shown potential in breast cancer treatment, yet its pharmacodynamically active components and mechanisms remain undefined. To systematically identify the bioactive constituents absorbed into the bloodstream and elucidate their...

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by synovial hyperplasia and joint destruction. Previous studies have demonstrated that the alkaloids of Rushanhu (ARSHs), the dried root and stem of Zanthoxylum ni...

This paper reports the first case in which a hyperlipidemic retriever (due to hypothyroidism) with a nasal tumor was successfully treated—achieving partial remission—and managed using a metronomic combination of chlorambucil (3.74 mg/m²,...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by immune dysregulation and epidermal barrier dysfunction. Advances in understanding the interplay of genetic predisposition, cytokine signaling, and environmenta...

Men have limited options for contraception, despite the widely accepted public health benefits of it, placing the contraceptive burden solely on women. The current study focuses on inhibiting the PP1γ2 enzyme, which plays a role in sperm matura...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disorder defined by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and chronic hyperglycemia. Although peripheral mechanisms have been extensively studied, increasing evidence implicates the gastroint...

The objective of this work was to analyse the genetic diversity of a population of Citrus spp. in the south of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, for pre-breeding studies. For that, a total of sixty genotypes were analysed, including ten cit...

Red blood cells (RBCs) are uniquely vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their role in O₂ transport and their high content of heme iron and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Despite lacking nuclei and organelles, RBC homeostasis relies on a finel...

Folic acid and its derivatives (e.g., folinic acid) are a group of water-soluble compounds collectively known as vitamin B9. Synthetic folic acid is a component of dietary supplements, medications and other pharmaceuticals and fortified foods. Folini...

Immune organoids have emerged as a ground-breaking platform in immunology, offering a physiologically relevant and controllable environment to model human immune responses and evaluate immunotherapeutic strategies. Derived from stem cells or primary...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly aggressive cancer, with its treatment and prognosis particularly challenging due to metastasis. The immune response is involved in the whole process of CRC development, and immunotherapy has increasingly become a p...

We found, retrospectively, that BCG therapy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) reduces the rate of Alzheimer’s disease. Blockade of the ligand PD-L1 or its checkpoint receptor PD-1 has been shown to improve cognitive function and red...

Reproductive infertility is characterized by the inability to achieve pregnancy after a year or more of unprotected sexual intercourse. This review highlights the significant impact of exposure to both types of heavy metals (essential and non-essenti...

The side effects of conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., worsen the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the possibilities of creating new drugs containing natural products with low t...

Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease. Since PSA is not cancer-specific, and due to the bone metastases seen in the advanced stage and bone deformations caused by hormone therapy, it is necessary to use new biomarkers. Formin-like-pro...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as one of the most prevalent and lethal forms of cancer worldwide with early detection playing a crucial role in improving the survival rate. Salivary biomarkers have emerged as a promising non-invasive alternative for...

Although chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for gastric cancer, the therapeutic drugs currently available have limited efficacy and severe side effects. Cancer stem cells within tumor masses have the distinctive properties of self-renewal, maint...

While omega-6 fatty acids play an important role in normal cell function, their excess in the diet is associated with an increased risk of developing diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD...

Off-white or yellowish shoots are common in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.), and such albino variations are often accompanied by metabolic reprogramming, including increased contents of amino acids and lower levels of polyphenols. Nonetheless, the...

Postpartum metritis in dairy cows compromises reproductive performance and leads to substantial economic losses. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying metritis by integrating high-throughput circulating microRNA (miRNA) profilin...

Tumor immunogenicity depends on the ability of peptides to form stable and specific interactions with both HLA molecules and T-cell receptors (TCRs). While HLA binding is essential, not all HLA-binding peptides elicit T-cell responses. This study inv...

With the growing interest in natural strategies for preventing skin aging, plant-derived compounds are being actively investigated for their potential protective effects against skin inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In this st...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), with high response rates of 80–95%. Serum immunoglobulin changes have been observed throughout conventional...

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Inula japonica leaf extract against PM₁₀-induced oxidative stress in normal human keratinocytes. Keratinocytes were pretreated with various concentrations of Inula japonica leaf extract and subse...

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a pivotal biomarker in precision oncology, driving therapeutic strategies for ovarian and breast cancers through impaired DNA double-strand break repair. This narrative review synthesizes recent advances (...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated across a spectrum of neurological diseases, yet its causal role and mechanistic specificity remain unclear. This study employed a multi-modal integrative analysis of mitochondrial gene expression in Alzheimer&r...

Obesity is a growing global health challenge, closely linked to chronic low-grade inflammation. This persistent, low-intensity immune response contributes to the development of metabolic, cardiovascular, and cancer-related diseases. A key player in t...

Dementia is a broad category of neurodegenerative pathologies characterized by a progressive decline in two or more cognitive domains, including memory, language, executive and visuospatial functions, personality, and behavior, resulting in the loss...

Cancer is a multifaceted and life-threatening disease characterized by the unregulated proliferation of malignant cells. Developing new therapies and diagnostic methods for cancer remains a critical focus of research. Proteins involved in cancer prog...

In this study, GH19 chitinase (Chi) gene family was systematically identified and characterized using genomic assemblies from four cotton species: Gossypium barbadense, G. hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii. A suite of analyses was performed, in...

The purpose of this article is to examine a previously unrecognized role for the vasopressin–oxytocin (VP-OT) system in mammalian “stress-response hormesis.” The current review adds hormesis to the long list of beneficial effects of...

With increasing interest in natural therapeutic strategies for skin aging, plant-derived compounds have gained attention for their potential to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the anti-aging and anti-...

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and steatohepatitis associated with metabolic dysfunction (MASLD) are on the rise and pose serious health challenges worldwide. In recent years, researchers have gained a better understanding of the important...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, which is also considered an aggressive disease due to its rapid growth rate, ability to metastasize early, and complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment...

The rapid expansion of peptide libraries and the increasing functional diversity of peptides have highlighted the significance of predicting the multifunctional properties of peptides in bioinformatics research. Although supervised learning methods h...

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a type of chalcone that widely exists in medicinal plants of the Leguminosae family and exhibits a remarkable anti-ischemic stroke (IS) effect. However, the anti-IS mechanisms of ISL remain to be systematically elucidated....

Beyond its crucial role as a tight barrier to protect the nervous system, the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) is increasingly being recognized for its physiological processes that affect brain function and behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, the BB...