Molecular Insights into Multifactorial Causes of Insulin Resistance in Obesity
A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 4340
Special Issue Editor
Interests: obesity; diabetes mellitus; aging; oxidative stress
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
A Western diet, high in unhealthy macronutrients, increases oxidative stress and inflammation by disturbing cellular redox balance and activating inflammatory signaling molecules, while reducing mitochondrial function. Elevated levels of glucose and free fatty acids worsen oxidative stress and inflammation through a series of molecular reactions that disrupt normal cellular metabolism, contributing to complications like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. In contrast, fiber-rich meals help to reduce inflammation, improve insulin sensitivity, possibly by modulating the expression of genes related to insulin signaling, and prevent glycemic spikes. Including fruits, vegetables, and caloric restriction in the diet significantly lowers oxidative and inflammatory stress by influencing the molecular pathways involved in stress responses. Insulin resistance often develops years before type 2 diabetes mellitus and is influenced by genetic factors, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity, and excessive adipokines, which interact with various molecular components in insulin-related signaling cascades. Initially, hyperinsulinemia compensates to maintain normal glucose levels, but prolonged insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion eventually lead to impaired glucose tolerance. Dietary strategies and bariatric surgery play vital roles in preventing insulin resistance, managing obesity, and maintaining metabolic health by acting on the molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological states.
Dr. Bogdana Virgolici
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- obesity
- inflammation
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- caloric restriction
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