Object identification, such as tree trunk detection, is fundamental for forest robotics. Intelligent vision systems are of paramount importance in order to improve robotic perception, thus enhancing the autonomy of forest robots. To that purpose, thi...
The application of LiDAR technology in extracting individual trees and stand parameters plays a crucial role in forest surveys. Accurate identification of individual tree trunks is a critical foundation for subsequent parameter extraction. For LiDAR-...
In this paper, we propose a tree trunk and obstacle detection method in a semistructured apple orchard environment based on improved YOLOv5s, with an aim to improve the real-time detection performance. The improvement includes using the K-means clust...
Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) remote sensing for individual tree-level forest inventory necessitates proper extraction of individual trees and accurate measurement of tree structural parameters. Due to the inadequate tree finding capab...
Diameter at breast height (DBH) is a critical metric for quantifying forest resources, and obtaining accurate, efficient measurements of DBH is crucial for effective forest management and inventory. A backpack LiDAR system (BLS) can provide high-reso...
Aggressive fungal and insect attacks have reached an alarming level, threatening a variety of tree species, such as ash and oak trees, in the United Kingdom and beyond. In this context, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has proven to be an effective non...
Traditional Japanese orchards control the growth height of fruit trees for the convenience of farmers, which is unfavorable to the operation of medium- and large-sized machinery. A compact, safe, and stable spraying system could offer a solution for...
This paper presents a rapid multi-return ALS-based (Airborne Laser Scanning) tree trunk detection approach. The multi-core Divide & Conquer algorithm uses a CBH (Crown Base Height) estimation and 3D-clustering approach to isolate points associate...
Individual Tree Detection and Segmentation (ITDS) is a key step in accurately extracting forest structural parameters from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. However, most ITDS algorithms face challenges with over-segmentation, under-segmentat...
The health and stability of trees are essential information for the safety of people and property in urban greenery, parks or along roads. The stability of the trees is linked to root stability but essentially also to trunk decay. Currently used inte...
It is important to grasp the number and location of trees, and measure tree structure attributes, such as tree trunk diameter and height. The accurate measurement of these parameters will lead to efficient forest resource utilization, maintenance of...
In an orchard automation process, a current challenge is to recognize natural landmarks and tree trunks to localize intelligent robots. To overcome low-light conditions and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal interruptions under a dense...
For extracting tree structural data from LiDAR point clouds, individual tree segmentation is of great significance. Most individual tree segmentation algorithms miss segmentation and misrecognition, requiring manual post-processing. This study utiliz...
LiDAR data acquired by various platforms provide unprecedented data for forest inventory and management. Among its applications, individual tree detection and segmentation are critical and prerequisite steps for deriving forest structural metrics, es...
Monitoring programs should be based on the measurement of two main pillars for evaluating the conservation status of a species: population size and geographical distribution. To date, the only way reported in the literature to obtain detailed informa...
To assess the health conditions of tree trunks, it is necessary to estimate the layers and anomalies of their internal structure. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the internal part of tree trunks considering their irregular contour....
The continuous and reliable assessment of crop water status through water indicators enables the sustainable management of water resources, especially in arid or semi-arid climate scenarios exacerbated by climate change. Therefore, the main objective...
This paper focuses on building a non-invasive, low-cost sensor that can be fitted over tree trunks growing in a semiarid land environment. It also proposes a new definition that characterizes tree trunks’ water retention capabilities mathematic...
The degree of tree curvature exerts a significant influence on the utilization of forestry resources. This study proposes an enhanced quantitative structural modeling (QSM) method, founded upon terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point cloud data, for t...
The cities of the future should not only be smart, but also smart green, for the well-being of their inhabitants, the biodiversity of their ecosystems and for greater resilience to climate change. In a smart green city, the location of urban green sp...
Individual tree detection and segmentation in broadleaf forests have always been great challenges due to the overlapping crowns, irregular crown shapes, and multiple peaks in large crowns. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne light detection and rangi...
Aiming to accurately identify apple targets and achieve segmentation and the extraction of branch and trunk areas of apple trees, providing visual guidance for a picking robot to actively adjust its posture to avoid branch trunks for obstacle avoidan...
Trunk pests have always been one of the most important species of tree pests. Trees eroded by trunk pests will be blocked in the transport of nutrients and water and will wither and die or be broken by strong winds. Most pests are social and distribu...
Although gravitropism forces trees to grow vertically, stems have shown to prefer specific orientations. Apart from wind deforming the tree shape, lateral light can result in prevailing inclination directions. In recent years a species dependent inte...
The relative position of the orchard robot to the rows of fruit trees is an important parameter for achieving autonomous navigation. The current methods for estimating the position parameters between rows of orchard robots obtain low parameter accura...
Rubber trees in southern China are often impacted by natural disturbances that can result in a tilted tree body. Accurate crown segmentation for individual rubber trees from scanned point clouds is an essential prerequisite for accurate tree paramete...
Computer vision is of wide interest to perform the phenotyping of horticultural crops such as apple trees at high throughput. In orchards specially constructed for variety testing or breeding programs, computer vision tools should be able to extract...
Endoclita signifer is a major wood-boring pest of eucalyptus trees in China, and its third instar larvae can accurately find and infest eucalyptus trees in mixed-species forests, although it can also feed on another 51 tree species in the same plante...
A reliable inspection of the tree trunk internal defects is often considered vital in the health condition assessment for the living tree. There has been a desire to reconstruct the internal structure quantitatively using a non-destructive testing te...
Trunk borers are among the most destructive forest pests. The larvae of some species living and feeding in the trunk, relying solely on the tree’s appearance to judge infestation is challenging. Currently, one of the most effective methods to d...
This paper presents a mobile robotic system designed for autonomous navigation and forest and tree trait estimation, with a focus on the location of individual trees and the diameter of the trunks. The system integrates light detection and ranging da...
Ground-based forest inventories are reliable methods for forest carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification schemes and the cornerstone of forest ecology research. Recent work using LiDAR-equipped mobile phones to automate parts of the forest inve...
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can provide accurate and detailed three-dimensional (3D) structure information of the forest understory. Segmenting individual trees from disordered, discrete, and high-density TLS point clouds is the premise for obta...
Laser scanning technology plays an important role in forest inventory, as it enables accurate 3D information capturing in a fast and environmentally-friendly manner. The goal of this study is to develop methods for detecting and discriminating indivi...
In the case of autonomous orchard navigation, researchers have developed algorithms that utilize features, such as trunks, canopies, and sky in orchards, but there are still various difficulties in recognizing free space for autonomous navigation in...
The importance of urban forests is undeniable when considering their benefits to the environment, such as improving air quality, landscapes and breaking its monotony. However, trees are subject to failures that can cause personal and economic damage....
In this study, a tree-whitening machine was designed based on the collaborative operation of multiple spray nozzles. This research utilized infrared ranging, ultrasonic detection, and spraying devices in order to realize the accurate spraying of tree...
Autonomous navigation is key to improving efficiency and addressing labor shortages in the fruit industry. Semi-structured orchards, with straight tree rows, dense weeds, thick canopies, and varying light conditions, pose challenges for tree identifi...
Tree diameter at breast height (DBH) is a fundamental metric in forest inventory and management. This paper presents a novel method for DBH estimation using the built-in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and red, green and blue (RGB) sensors of an...
Black walnut, a valuable economic and environmentally important species, is threatened by thousand cankers disease. Systemic imidacloprid and dinotefuran applications were made to mature black walnut trees to evaluate their translocation and concentr...
This work assesses damage caused by Coraebus undatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Reticulitermes grassei Clément (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in managed cork oak forests from the southern Iberian Peninsula. Lesions were diagnosed and qua...
This paper introduces a novel method for accurately calculating the upper biomass of single trees using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data. The proposed algorithm involves classifying the tree point cloud into two distinct ones: the...
Orchard machinery autonomous navigation is helpful for improving the efficiency of fruit production and reducing labor costs. Path planning is one of the core technologies of autonomous navigation for orchard machinery. As normally planted in straigh...
Orchard pesticide off-target deposition and drift cause substantial soil and water pollution, and other environmental pollution. Orchard target-oriented spraying technologies have been used to reduce the deposition and drift caused by off-target spra...
The accurate measurement of diameter at breast height (DBH) is one of the essential tasks for biomass estimation at an individual tree scale. This paper aims to explore the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based light detection and ranging...
This study presents a geometry-based post-processing framework developed to refine deep-learning detections of tornado-damaged trees. The YOLO11-based instance segmentation framework served as the baseline, but its predictions often included multiple...
Accurate vehicle localization in forest environments is still an unresolved problem. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have well known limitations in dense forest, and have to be combined with for instance laser based SLAM algorithms to prov...
Deep learning and machine learning (ML) technologies have been implemented in various applications, and various agriculture technologies are being developed based on image-based object recognition technology. We propose an orchard environment free sp...
The radial movement of minerals in tree trunks is a widely accepted function of ray parenchyma cells, but there is little experimental evidence for this. We previously obtained experimental data showing that the parenchyma cells were the site of the...
Branch identification is key to the robotic pruning system for apple trees. High identification accuracy and the positioning of junction points between branch and trunk are important prerequisites for pruning with a robotic arm. Recently, with the de...
of 4