The modular multilevel converter is capable to reach high-voltage levels with high flexibility, high reliability, and high power quality as it became the standard solution for high-power high-voltage applications that operate with fixed frequency. Ho...
A modular multilevel converter’s (MMC’s) submodule (SM)-capacitor voltage will increase under unbalanced grid conditions. Depending on the imbalance level, the voltage ripple can be considerably high, and it can exceed the pre-defined saf...
This paper reviews circuit topologies in the literature that aim to suppress submodule (SM) capacitor-voltage ripple of modular multilevel converters (MMCs), since this low-frequency ripple largely determines the required SM capacitance and thus the...
The full-bridge submodule (FBSM)-based modular multilevel converter (FBSM-MMC) offers promising performance due to its ability to output negative FBSM voltage. This paper studies this ability of the FBSM-MMC under zero-sequence voltage injection (ZSV...
Modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based power electronic transformers (PETs) present a promising solution for connecting AC/DC microgrids to facilitate renewable energy access. However, the capacitor ripple voltage in MMC-based PET submodules hinder...
For power electronic transformer (PET) based Modular Multilevel DC-Link Based T-type Converters (MMDTC) with Double Active Bridges (DABs) (namely DABs-based MMDTC-PET), the sub-module capacitor voltages exhibit relatively large ripples. To reduce the...
Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) will be widely applied in onboard integrated power systems due to their high levels of electric power output and good-quality sine waveform outputs. However, the capacitor voltage of MMCs fluctuates greatly becaus...
This paper proposes an algorithm for determining the optimal capacitance by utilizing a mathematical model of a submodule (SM) capacitor in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) specifically for medium voltage motor drives (MVDs). By approximating the...
For Modular Multilevel DC-Link T-Type Converter (MMDTC)-based STATCOMs, under identical operating conditions, the submodule (SM) capacitor voltage ripple is inversely proportional to its capacitance value. A configuration with a lower capacitance wil...
Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission require substantial submodule (SM) capacitance to limit capacitor voltage ripple, resulting in bulky and costly converter valves. The integrated gate-commutated...
In this article, a three-phase modular multilevel converter (MMC) with three-level neutral point clamped converter (NPC) sub-modules (SMs) along with the placement of transformers in place of arm inductors is proposed for PV grid integration. Compare...
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been widely used because of the advantages of easier expansion, lower harmonic distortion and higher output voltage level. If the MMC is adapted to high voltage application, more submodules need to be connec...
This paper develops a capacitor-voltage ripple-control scheme that combines negative-sequence second-harmonic capacitor-voltage feedback with third-harmonic zero-sequence voltage injection. An arm-energy model incorporates the common dc current, auxi...
Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are attractive for medium- and high-power motor drive applications; however, low-speed motor operation can cause significant submodule (SM) capacitor voltage ripple. In conventional carrier phase-shifted pulse-wid...
Due to its scalability, reliability, high power quality and flexibility, the modular multilevel converter is the standard solution for high-power high-voltage applications in which an AC–DC–AC connection is required such as high-voltage d...
A step-up DC/DC converter is required to match the fuel cell’s stack voltage with the DC-link capacitor of the propulsion system in fuel cell-based electric vehicles (FCEVs). Typically, the nominal voltage of a single fuel cell ranges from 0.5...
Grid-connected modular multilevel converters (MMCs) typically reach gigawatt-level unit capacity. During AC faults, their temporary overload operation provides emergency grid support, prevents fault escalation, and accelerates recovery. This paper pr...