This paper describes the development and evaluation of an on-body flexible antenna designed for an in-body application, as well as on-body communications at ISM and UWB frequency bands. The evaluation is performed via electromagnetic simulations usin...
The ability to measure vital signs using electromagnetic waves has been extensively investigated as a less intrusive method capable of assessing different biosignal sources while using a single device. On-body antennas, when directly coupled to the h...
This work addresses the design and experimental characterization of on-body antennas, which play an essential role within Body Sensor Networks. Four antenna designs were selected from a set of eighteen antenna choices and finally implemented for both...
This paper presents a low-profile ultrawideband antenna for on-body wearable applications. The proposed antenna is based on highly conductive flexible graphite films (FGF) and polyimide (PI) substrate, which exhibits good benefits such as flexibility...
In this paper, a switchable textile communication system working at 2.45 GHz ISM band is presented and studied for different locations within a realistic on-body environment. A 3D laser scanner is used to generate a numerical phantom of the measured...
The article presents a Co-planar Waveguide (CPW) fed antenna of a low-profile, simple geometry, and compact size operating at the dual band for ISM and WLAN applications for 5G communication devices. The antenna has a small size of 30 mm × 18 m...
A button sensor antenna for on-body monitoring in wireless body area network (WBAN) systems is presented. Due to the close coupling between the sensor antenna and the human body, it is highly challenging to design sensor antenna devices. In this pape...
Previous works have shown that wearable antennas can operate ideally in free space; however, degradation in performance, specifically in terms of frequency shifts and efficiency was observed when an antenna structure was in close proximity to the hum...
In this paper the influence of an example indoor environment on narrowband radio channel path loss for body area networks operating around 2.4 GHz is investigated using computer simulations and on-site measurements. In contrast to other similar stud...
The development of remote health monitoring systems has focused on enhancing healthcare services’ efficiency and quality, particularly in chronic disease management and elderly care. These systems employ a range of sensors and wearable devices...
It is reported that wearable electronic devices are to be used extensively in the next generation of sensors for sports and health monitoring. The information obtained from sensors on the human body depends on the biological parameters, the measureme...
This paper presents a compact, dual-band, dual-polarization button antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) that operates in the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands. The antenna is engineered in the lower band...
In this paper a dual band, a dual band Planar Inverted F antenna (PIFA) is designed for wireless communication intended to be used in wireless body sensor networks. The designed PIFA operates at two different frequency bands, 2.45 GHz Industrial, Sci...
The miniaturization of electronic devices is leading to the creation of body-centric wireless communications (BCWCs), in which wireless devices are attached to the human body. In particular, personal healthcare is considered as the biggest potential...
The last few years have seen a rapid increase in body-worn devices because these devices cover a broad spectrum of potential uses. Moreover, body-worn devices still require improvements in their flexibility, size, and weight that necessitate the deve...
A dual-band, dual-mode button antenna is proposed for emerging fifth-generation (5G) networks and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) communication systems, as it operates at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. At the lower band, a monopole-like...
For the future application of wireless power transfer on the human body, a wearable directional button antenna, composed of 2×3 artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) cells, is proposed, where the kinetic energy antenna is put on the elbow, which...
In this paper, a compact multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for an off/on-body wireless body area network (WBAN) is presented. The proposed antenna comprises eight elements arranged in a side-by-side, orthogonal, and across configuration o...
A novel dual-band multi-linear polarization reconfigurable (MLPR) antenna for body-centric wireless communication systems (BWCS) is presented in this paper. The design comprises five symmetrically arranged multi-branch radiating units, each integrati...
A compact end-fire wearable Yagi-Uda antenna covering the entire 57–64 GHz frequency band is characterized in free space, in the presence of a skin-equivalent phantom and under bending conditions. The results demonstrate that, when placed on the body...
Breast cancer detection through non-invasive and accurate techniques remains a critical challenge in medical diagnostics. This study introduces a deep learning-based framework that leverages a microwave radar system equipped with an arc-shaped array...
Body Sensor Networks (BSN) have emerged as a particularization of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the context of body monitoring environments, closely linked to healthcare applications. These networks are made up of smart biomedical sensors that al...
This paper reviews non-invasive blood glucose measurements via dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies presented in the literature. The intent is to clarify the key challenges that must be overcome if this approach is to work, to suggest som...
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless body area networks (WBAN) have been thriving. This paper presents a triband patch antenna with multiple slots for conformal and wearable applic...
This paper describes, for the first time, the procedure for the full design, calibration, uncertainty analysis, and practical application of a personal, distributed exposimeter (PDE) for the detection of personal exposure in the Global System for Mob...
In this paper, a dual band planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) has been investigated for cooperative on- and off-body communications. Free space and on-body performance parameters like return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern and efficiency of this ant...
The increasing usage of wireless technology has prompted the development of a new generation antenna compatible with the latest devices, with on-body antennas (wearable antennas) being one of the revolutionary applications. This modern design is rele...
In this paper, subject-specific narrowband (2.45 GHz) and ultra-wideband (3–10.6 GHz) on-body radio propagation studies in wireless body area networks (WBANs) were performed by characterizing the path loss for eight different human subjects of diffe...
A novel dual-band dual-mode wearable button antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is proposed in this paper. The antenna ingeniously integrates a monopole structure and an optimized planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) configuration...
A novel wearable button antenna sensor is proposed for the concept of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). This integrates two working modes for the transfer of power and information, respectively, and optimizes transfer effi...
This paper presents a novel design of a compact dual-band dual-mode wearable antenna. The antenna is fed through a single coaxial feed probe, which excites TM01 and TM11 modes at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. These modes exhibit distinct radiat...
Internet of Things (IoT) technology is rapidly emerging in medical applications as it offers the possibility of lower-cost personalized healthcare monitoring. At the present time, the 2.45 GHz band is in widespread use for these applications but in t...
The wearable textile antenna plays a decisive role in the currently increasingly wireless communication network area. To realize the miniaturization and electromagnetic reliability, a slotted full-textile microstrip antenna was designed and fabricate...
A wideband low-profile radiating G-shaped strip on a flexible substrate is proposed to operate as biomedical antenna for off-body communication. The antenna is designed to produce circular polarization over the frequency range 5–6 GHz to commun...
In this article, a graphene-assembled film (GAF)-based compact and low-profile ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) antenna is presented and tested for wearable applications. The highly conductive GAFs (~106 S/m) together with the flexible ceramic substrate en...
A 2 × 2 ultra-wideband MIMO flexible antenna with a low profile and good isolation was designed for Internet of Things (IoT) realms and wearable devices. The antenna elements were placed on a novel flexible substrate of liquid crystal polymer (...
This work presents the design and optimization of an antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to enhance bandwidth. This DGS is integrated with a rectangular patch with circular meandered rings (RPCMR) in...
A novel, fully-autonomous, wearable, wireless sensor network is presented, where each flexible textile node performs cooperative synchronous acquisition and distributed event detection. Computationally efficient situational-awareness algorithms are i...
This paper represents a miniaturized, dual-polarized, multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) wearable antenna. A vertically polarized, leaf-shaped antenna and a horizontally polarized, tree-shaped antenna are designed, and the performance of each ante...
One of the major challenges in the development of wearable antennas is to design an antenna that can at the same time satisfy technical requirements, be aesthetically acceptable, and be suitable for wearable applications. In this paper, a novel weara...
In this study, a millimeter-wave (mmWave) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with an omnidirectional pattern is presented for the first time. A key feature of the proposed design is the utilization of a planar feed network to achieve omnidirectional...
A multi-band Body-Worn Distributed exposure Meter (BWDM) calibrated for simultaneous measurement of the incident power density in 11 telecommunication frequency bands, is proposed. The BDWM consists of 22 textile antennas integrated in a garment and...
This paper presents a novel dual-band flexible antenna, uniquely designed and extended to array as well as MIMO configurations for the Sub-6 GHz band. The single-element monopole antenna features a modified rectangular radiator with two L-strips and...
A rigorous full-wave solution, via the Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) method, is performed in an attempt to obtain realistic communication channel models for on-body wireless transmission in Body-Area-Networks (BANs), which are local data netwo...
The role of antennas in wireless communication is critical for enabling efficient signal transmission and reception across various frequency bands, including those associated with IoT (Internet of Things), X-band, S-band, and RFID (radio-frequency id...
The continuing trend for miniaturization of electronic devices necessitates size reduction of the comprising components and circuitry. Specifically, integrated circuit-antenna modules therein require compact radiators in applications such as 5G commu...
A wristwatch-based wireless sensor platform for IoT wearable health monitoring applications is presented. The paper describes the platform in detail, with a particular focus given to the design of a novel and compact wireless sub-system for 868 MHz w...
In the paper, we present a novel approach to the optimum design of wearable antenna arrays intended for off-body links of wireless body area networks. Specifically, we investigate a four-element array that has a switchable radiation pattern able to d...
In recent years, skin-mounted devices have gained prominence in personal wellness and remote patient care. However, the rigid components of many wearables often cause discomfort due to their mechanical mismatch with the skin. To address this, we exte...
Wirelessly powered, very compact sensors are highly attractive for many emerging Internet-of-things (IoT) applications; they eliminate the need for on-board short-life and bulky batteries. In this study, two electrically small rectenna-based wireless...
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