This paper deals with analysis of behavioural patterns in human–computer interaction. In the study, keystroke dynamics were analysed while participants were writing positive and negative opinions. A semi-experiment with 50 participants was performed....
Continuous authentication (CA) is the process to verify the user’s identity regularly without their active participation. CA is becoming increasingly important in the mobile environment in which traditional one-time authentication methods are suscept...
In an era marked by escalating concerns about digital security, biometric identification methods have gained paramount importance. Despite the increasing adoption of biometric techniques, keystroke dynamics analysis remains a less explored yet promis...
Keystroke dynamics is a biometric method that uses a subject’s typing patterns for authentication or identification. In this paper we investigate typing language as a factor influencing an individual’s keystroke dynamics. Specifically, we...
Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) and unlock patterns are two of the most often used smartphone authentication mechanisms. Because PINs have just four or six characters, they are subject to shoulder-surfing attacks and are not as secure as other...
Keystroke authentication is a well-established biometric technique that has gained significant attention due to its non-intrusive and continuous characteristics. The method analyzes the unique typing patterns of individuals to verify their identity w...
Background: Keystroke dynamics authentication is a behavioral biometric method that verifies user identity by analyzing typing patterns. While traditional machine learning methods (e.g., decision trees, SVM) have shown potential in this field, their...
This study aims to observe which thumb, the left or right, is used for keystrokes and examine the patterns during two-thumb key entry on a smartphone QWERTY soft keyboard. A total of 36 college students, including 18 left-handed and 18 right-handed,...
As artificial intelligence has evolved, deep learning models have become important in extracting and interpreting complex patterns from raw multidimensional data. These models produce multidimensional embeddings that, while containing a lot of inform...
The paper addresses issues concerning secure authentication in computer systems. We focus on multi-factor authentication methods using two or more independent mechanisms to identify a user. User-specific behavioral biometrics is widely used to increa...
Traditional user authentication mechanisms in information systems, such as passwords and biometrics, remain vulnerable to forgery, theft, and privacy breaches. To address these limitations, this study proposes a two-factor authentication framework th...
Traditional authentication systems rely mainly on static login checkpoints such as passwords or one-time verification. However, the expansion of cloud services, mobile devices, and distributed digital platforms has exposed significant limitations in...
A keylogger is a type of spyware that records keystrokes from the user’s keyboard to steal confidential information. The problems with most keylogger methods are the lack of simulated keylogger patterns, the failure to maintain a database of cu...
The safeguarding of online services and prevention of unauthorized access by hackers rely heavily on user authentication, which is considered a crucial aspect of security. Currently, multi-factor authentication is used by enterprises to enhance secur...
Sleep-deprived fatigued person is likely to commit more errors that may even prove to be fatal. Thus, it is necessary to recognize this fatigue. The novelty of the proposed research work for the detection of this fatigue is that it is nonintrusive an...
Cyber coercion, where legitimate users are forced to perform actions under duress, poses a serious insider threat to modern organizations, especially to critical infrastructure. Traditional security controls and monitoring tools struggle to distingui...
The rapid expansion of digital and technology-enhanced assessments has enabled the capture of far more than final responses or total scores. As learners navigate traditional formats, such as multiple-choice, short-answer, and performance tasks, digit...
This study conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of 33 empirical studies examining learner interactions with AI-mediated feedback in L2 writing between 2010 and 2025. Evidence was synthesized from process-tracing methods, including keystroke lo...
Authentication methods using personal identification number (PIN) and unlock patterns are widely used in smartphone user authentication. However, these authentication methods are vulnerable to shoulder-surfing attacks, and PIN authentication, in part...
This study highlights the necessity for efficient database management in continuous authentication systems, which rely on large-scale behavioral biometric data such as keystroke patterns. A benchmarking framework was developed to evaluate the Postgre...
This research article delves into the development of a reinforcement learning (RL)-based continuous authentication system utilizing behavioral biometrics for user identification on computing devices. Keystroke dynamics are employed to capture unique...
Static, one-time authentication mechanisms such as passwords and PINs are increasingly inadequate for protecting mobile devices throughout an active session. Behavioral biometric continuous authentication (BBCA) addresses this gap by passively monito...
The current surge in the deployment of web applications underscores the need to consider users’ individual preferences in order to enhance their experience. In response to this, an innovative approach is emerging that focuses on the detailed an...