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23 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access

A Review of Digital Twin and High-Fidelity Simulation in Hydro–Wind–Solar Integrated Control Systems

  • Yongjun Liu,
  • Jingwei Cao,
  • Yuejiao Ma,
  • Liwei Deng,
  • Feng Hu,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Yan Ren and
  • Junxiao Yang
Energies2026, 19(3), 653;https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030653 
(registering DOI)

27 January 2026

Hydro–wind–solar integrated control systems face significant challenges related to multi-source heterogeneity, power fluctuations, and cross-timescale scheduling. Traditional management and control models struggle to meet the demands of c...

  • Review
  • Open Access
205 Views
37 Pages

A Review on Simulation Application Function Development for Computer Monitoring Systems in Hydro–Wind–Solar Integrated Control Centers

  • Jingwei Cao,
  • Yuejiao Ma,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Feng Hu,
  • Liwei Deng,
  • Chuan Chen,
  • Yan Ren,
  • Wenhang Zou and
  • Feng Zhang

10 January 2026

This paper explores simulation application functions for the computer monitoring system of a hydro–wind–solar integrated control center, focusing on five core areas: platform management, operational training, performance optimization, exc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,527 Views
21 Pages

A Feasibility Analysis of Controlling a Hybrid Power System over Short Time Intervals

  • Tianyao Zhang,
  • Diyi Chen,
  • Jing Liu,
  • Beibei Xu and
  • Venkateshkumar M

30 October 2020

Literature about the importance of renewable energy resources, including wind and solar energy, is becoming increasingly important; however, these energy sources are unstable and volatile in nature, and are usually integrated with conventional energy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
672 Views
24 Pages

Multi-Scenario Optimization of PID Controllers for Hydro-Wind-Solar Complementary Systems Based on the DEAGNG Algorithm

  • Jun Yan,
  • Zhi Wang,
  • Yuye Li,
  • An Yan,
  • Shaoyong Liu,
  • Jinwen Luo,
  • Chu Zhang and
  • Chaoshun Li

12 September 2025

This paper focuses on the hydro–solar–wind complementary system, targeting two typical scenarios (both include PV output fluctuations driven by solar radiation intensity: wind power not participating in frequency regulation and wind power participati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,378 Views
19 Pages

Multi-Objective Optimized Fuzzy Fractional-Order PID Control for Frequency Regulation in Hydro–Wind–Solar–Storage Systems

  • Yuye Li,
  • Chenghao Sun,
  • Jun Yan,
  • An Yan,
  • Shaoyong Liu,
  • Jinwen Luo,
  • Zhi Wang,
  • Chu Zhang and
  • Chaoshun Li

28 August 2025

In the integrated hydro–wind–solar–storage system, the strong output fluctuations of wind and solar power, along with prominent system nonlinearity and time-varying characteristics, make it difficult for traditional PID controllers...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,538 Views
24 Pages

30 October 2022

In this article, a dual-stage proportional integral–proportional derivative with filter (PI–PDF) controller has been proposed for a hybrid two-area power system model having thermal-, hydro-, gas-, wind-, and solar-based power generating...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,869 Views
9 Pages

Simulation of Polygeneration Systems

  • Francesco Calise and
  • Massimo Dentice D’Accadia

8 November 2016

This Special Issue aims at collecting the recent studies dealing with polygeneration systems, with a special focus on the possible integration of different technologies into a single system, able to convert one or multiple energy sources into energy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
506 Views
38 Pages

Robust THRO-Optimized PIDD2-TD Controller for Hybrid Power System Frequency Regulation

  • Mohammed Hamdan Alshehri,
  • Ashraf Ibrahim Megahed,
  • Ahmed Hossam-Eldin,
  • Moustafa Ahmed Ibrahim and
  • Kareem M. AboRas

3 November 2025

The large-scale adoption of renewable energy sources, while environmentally beneficial, introduces significant frequency fluctuations due to the inherent variability of wind and solar output. Electric vehicle (EV) integration with substantial battery...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,097 Views
19 Pages

Modern power systems are confronted with widespread concern on the frequency stability issue due to the widespread integration of randomly fluctuating renewable resources. To address the above concern, this work introduces a load-frequency-control (L...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,867 Views
11 Pages

12 December 2023

Presently, there has been a huge rise in the demand for power owing to increases in population and commercial organizations. Traditional power plants are not able to keep up with the increasing needs of customers. Finding a different way to meet cons...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
490 Views
25 Pages

Intelligent Frequency Control for Hybrid Multi-Source Power Systems: A Stepwise Expert-Teaching PPO Approach

  • Jianhong Jiang,
  • Shishu Zhang,
  • Jie Wang,
  • Wenting Shen,
  • Changkui Xue,
  • Qiang Ye,
  • Zhaoyang Lv,
  • Minxing Xu and
  • Shihong Miao

23 October 2025

This paper proposes a stepwise expert-teaching reinforcement learning framework for intelligent frequency control in hydro–thermal–wind–solar–compressed air energy storage (CAES) integrated systems under high renewable energy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,514 Views
25 Pages

Hybrid Wind–PV Frequency Control Strategy under Variable Weather Conditions in Isolated Power Systems

  • Ana Fernández-Guillamón,
  • Guillermo Martínez-Lucas,
  • Ángel Molina-García and
  • Jose-Ignacio Sarasua

19 September 2020

Over the last two decades, variable renewable energy technologies (i.e., variable-speed wind turbines (VSWTs) and photovoltaic (PV) power plants) have gradually replaced conventional generation units. However, these renewable generators are connected...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,934 Views
19 Pages

Complementarity between Combined Heat and Power Systems, Solar PV and Hydropower at a District Level: Sensitivity to Climate Characteristics along an Alpine Transect

  • Handriyanti Diah Puspitarini,
  • Baptiste François,
  • Marco Baratieri,
  • Casey Brown,
  • Mattia Zaramella and
  • Marco Borga

11 August 2020

Combined heat and power systems (CHP) produce heat and electricity simultaneously. Their resulting high efficiency makes them more attractive from the energy managers’ perspective than other conventional thermal systems. Although heat is a by-p...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
58 Citations
5,909 Views
22 Pages

6 June 2022

Energy security is one of the main factors in the development and diffusion of microgrid applications. In networks operating without storage, the operation of their systems is greatly affected by sudden load demand and intermittent generation fluctua...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,687 Views
23 Pages

21 June 2023

Load frequency control (LFC) serves as a crucial component of automatic generation control in renewable energy power systems. Its primary objective is to maintain a balance between the output power of generators and the load demand, thereby ensuring...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,542 Views
24 Pages

Strategic Resource Planning for Sustainable Biogas Integration in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

  • Pooriya Motevakel,
  • Carlos Roldán-Blay,
  • Carlos Roldán-Porta,
  • Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá and
  • Daniel Dasí-Crespo

10 January 2025

In response to the growing demand for sustainable energy and the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, renewable sources like biomass have become crucial, especially in regions rich in agricultural and animal waste. This study focuses on a real-life...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,591 Views
25 Pages

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Non-Interconnected Systems under High-RES Penetration: The Madeira Island Case

  • Stefanos Ntomalis,
  • Petros Iliadis,
  • Konstantinos Atsonios,
  • Athanasios Nesiadis,
  • Nikos Nikolopoulos and
  • Panagiotis Grammelis

5 November 2020

The defossilization of power generation is a prerequisite goal in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transit for a sustainable economy. Achieving this goal requires increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
921 Views
32 Pages

The maritime industry is under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially in countries such as Saudi Arabia that are actively working to transition to cleaner energy. In this paper, a new hybrid shipboard power system, which i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
67 Citations
4,579 Views
22 Pages

In this article, a fractional-order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) controller and its modified structure, called a MFOPID controller, are presented. To guarantee optimal system performance, the gains of the proposed FOPID and MFOPID contr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
3,400 Views
38 Pages

8 March 2022

This study proposes a new optimization technique, known as the eagle strategy arithmetic optimization algorithm (ESAOA), to address the limitations of the original algorithm called arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA). ESAOA is suggested to enhanc...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
713 Views
31 Pages

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Hybrid Renewable Energy in Small Communities: Key Performance Indicators and Sensitivity Analysis

  • Helena M. Ramos,
  • Praful Borkar,
  • Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández,
  • Francisco Javier Sánchez-Romero and
  • Modesto Pérez-Sánchez

28 October 2025

The increasing decentralization of energy systems calls for robust frameworks to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid renewable configurations at the community scale. This study presents an integrated methodology that combines Ke...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,009 Views
27 Pages

Load Frequency Control and Automatic Voltage Regulation in Four-Area Interconnected Power Systems Using a Gradient-Based Optimizer

  • Tayyab Ali,
  • Suheel Abdullah Malik,
  • Amil Daraz,
  • Muhammad Adeel,
  • Sheraz Aslam and
  • Herodotos Herodotou

21 February 2023

Existing interconnected power systems (IPSs) are being overloaded by the expansion of the industrial and residential sectors together with the incorporation of renewable energy sources, which cause serious fluctuations in frequency, voltage, and tie-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,966 Views
20 Pages

Ensemble Learning Framework for DDoS Detection in SDN-Based SCADA Systems

  • Saadin Oyucu,
  • Onur Polat,
  • Muammer Türkoğlu,
  • Hüseyin Polat,
  • Ahmet Aksöz and
  • Mehmet Tevfik Ağdaş

27 December 2023

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems play a crucial role in overseeing and controlling renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal resources. Nevertheless, with the expansion of conventional SCADA network infr...