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230 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
11,467 Views
36 Pages

Regenerating Sponge City to Sponge Watershed through an Innovative Framework for Urban Water Resilience

  • Jian Wang,
  • Fei Xue,
  • Ruiying Jing,
  • Qiaohui Lu,
  • Yilong Huang,
  • Xiang Sun and
  • Wenbo Zhu

11 May 2021

In recent years, cities universal are advocating ‘resilience’ in terms of water-related challenges. Accompanied by the development of sponge city construction, several emerging stormwater management practices are prevailing worldwide. This paper prop...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,643 Views
18 Pages

27 December 2022

Urban waterlogging and urban water environment problems in Changde city caused by extreme weather have seriously hindered the sustainable development of cities. A sponge city not only involves the inheritance and development of foreign technology but...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,609 Views
30 Pages

As sponge city construction is gradually promoted globally, it is very important to construct a scientific and reasonable performance evaluation framework. This paper establishes an indicator system with 5 primary indicators and 15 secondary indicato...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
63 Citations
25,098 Views
23 Pages

Sponge City Practices in China: From Pilot Exploration to Systemic Demonstration

  • Dingkun Yin,
  • Changqing Xu,
  • Haifeng Jia,
  • Ye Yang,
  • Chen Sun,
  • Qi Wang and
  • Sitong Liu

10 May 2022

In recent years, China has been committed to strengthening environmental governance and trying to build a sustainable society in which humans and nature develop in harmony. As a new urban construction concept, sponge city uses natural and ecological...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,178 Views
11 Pages

Effective Evaluation of Infiltration and Storage Measures in Sponge City Construction: A Case Study of Fenghuang City

  • Jinjun Zhou,
  • Jiahong Liu,
  • Weiwei Shao,
  • Yingdong Yu,
  • Kun Zhang,
  • Ying Wang and
  • Chao Mei

14 July 2018

In recent years, urban waterlogging problems have become more and more serious, which has led to flood disasters in some cities. The Chinese government launched the sponge city pilot construction in 2015 to mitigate the risk of urban flooding and con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,081 Views
16 Pages

22 March 2022

This study aims is to verify the effects of sponge city projects focusing on the aspect of water pollutant control and urban flood control, applying the geodesign framework as an integrated planning method that can evaluate alternatives against the i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,993 Views
12 Pages

25 September 2019

Rapid urbanization, inappropriate urban planning and the changing climate in many countries have resulted in flooding, water shortage and water pollution around the world. Although the sponge city concept has been applied in both macro-scales and mic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
5,481 Views
17 Pages

Comparative Assessment of Sponge City Constructing in Public Awareness, Xi’an, China

  • Pingping Luo,
  • Yue Zheng,
  • Yiyi Wang,
  • Shipeng Zhang,
  • Wangqi Yu,
  • Xi Zhu,
  • Aidi Huo,
  • Zhenhong Wang,
  • Bin He and
  • Daniel Nover

16 September 2022

Climate change and urbanization are causing increasingly frequent urban flooding in countries around the world. Various innovative approaches have emerged to address this challenge. In China, the Sponge City was first proposed in 2012 to achieve an u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,479 Views
18 Pages

4 April 2022

Sponge city planning aims to manage urban development land to prevent flooding and to support the achievement of water resource protection objectives. In this study, from the perspective of rainfall management demand and ability, we present an improv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
9,625 Views
14 Pages

Objectives and Indexes for Implementation of Sponge Cities—A Case Study of Changzhou City, China

  • Zhengzhao Li,
  • Mingjing Dong,
  • Tony Wong,
  • Jianbin Wang,
  • Alagarasan Jagadeesh Kumar and
  • Rajendra Prasad Singh

10 May 2018

This paper presents a framework of objectives and indexes for sponge cities implementation in China. The proposed objectives and indexes aims to reflect whether the city is in accord with the sponge city. Different cities have different objectives an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,164 Views
22 Pages

Carbon Emission Accounting and Reduction Evaluation in Sponge City Residential Areas

  • Yingqiang Ma,
  • Xuefeng Liu,
  • Jianlin Liu,
  • Chengyin Du,
  • Mei Liang,
  • Wei Li,
  • Lianbao Cao,
  • Deqi Wang,
  • Hao Wang and
  • Bigui Wei
  • + 1 author

7 September 2024

This paper aims to establish a more standardized and regulated carbon emission accounting model for sponge cities by unifying the accounting content for carbon emissions and clarifying the relationships between carbon reduction benefits, carbon reduc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
8,017 Views
17 Pages

6 February 2019

Waterlogging is becoming a severe and universal phenomenon in China, so the construction of sponge cities is proposed to address urban water problems abiding by the overall principles of ecological priority and low-impact development. The ecological...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,149 Views
26 Pages

Sponge City Drainage System Prediction Based on Artificial Neural Networks: Taking SCRC System as Example

  • Yazheng Ren,
  • Huiying Zhang,
  • Yongwan Gu,
  • Shaohua Ju,
  • Miao Zhang,
  • Xinhua Wang,
  • Chaozhong Hu,
  • Cang Dan,
  • Yang Cheng and
  • Xuelong Li
  • + 1 author

12 September 2024

The concept of sponge cities is widely recognized, but there is still no research on what a new drainage system for sponge cities should look like. This study proposes a new drainage system for sponge cities, a sponge-type comprehensive pipe corridor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
13,620 Views
11 Pages

Storm Water Management and Flood Control in Sponge City Construction of Beijing

  • Shuhan Zhang,
  • Yongkun Li,
  • Meihong Ma,
  • Ting Song and
  • Ruining Song

6 August 2018

To solve the problems of increasing local flooding, water shortage, and water pollution caused by the traditional model of urban development, the Chinese government proposed a new model of urban development—the Sponge City. In Beijing, the capi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,059 Views
17 Pages

The Party’s 14th Five-Year-Plan and the 2035 Visionary Goals point out that green and sustainable development is the direction of China’s road in the present age, and provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of ecological civil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,071 Views
21 Pages

14 March 2019

Sponge city is a new urban stormwater management strategy proposed in China, which enables the city to absorb and save stormwater like a sponge, then release stormwater to solve the problems of urban waterlogging and water shortage. However, at prese...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,050 Views
17 Pages

Research on Sustainable Evaluation Model of Sponge City Based on Emergy Analysis

  • Ning Wang,
  • Huiping Li,
  • Jianlin Zhang,
  • Jianxun Deng and
  • Lin She

22 December 2022

Sponge city is a method of managing rain floods, proposed by China to deal with urban waterlogging and the overflow pollution of drainage pipe networks, which indicates a more effective strategy to promote urban sustainable development. Due to the di...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,499 Views
25 Pages

The Demographic Implication for Promoting Sponge City Initiatives in the Chinese Megacities: A Case of Wuhan

  • Shan Zheng,
  • Yuting Tang,
  • Faith Ka Shun Chan,
  • Liyong Cao and
  • Ruixiang Song

11 March 2022

Urbanisation and ever-intensified rainstorms exacerbated urban waterlogging in some Chinese cities. In 2013, the Chinese government proposed a nationwide initiative, Sponge City, for managing the flood risk using the nature-based solution (NBS) appro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,917 Views
17 Pages

The Effectiveness of Exfiltration Technology to Support Sponge City Objectives

  • Edward McBean,
  • Gordon Huang,
  • Aili Yang,
  • Huiyan Cheng,
  • Yicheng Wu,
  • Zheng Liu,
  • Zhineng Dai,
  • Haiyan Fu and
  • Munir Bhatti

7 April 2019

Urban stormwater management is essential to improve the management of floodwaters in municipalities in urban areas. However, relying on sponge city options for site planning in an attempt to decrease the impacts of flooding is challenging due to the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,352 Views
15 Pages

Ecological water resources occupy a vital position in the national economy; without sufficient ecological water resources, the construction and economic development of sponge cities would be seriously restricted. Appropriately, the Chinese government...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
11,795 Views
19 Pages

Promoting Sponge City Construction through Rainwater Trading: An Evolutionary Game Theory-Based Analysis

  • Chunyan Shi,
  • Xinyue Miao,
  • Tongyu Xu,
  • Weijun Gao,
  • Gen Liu,
  • Siwen Li,
  • Yingzi Lin,
  • Xindong Wei and
  • Hui Liu

15 February 2023

Sponge city construction strategies (SCCSs) have gradually attracted increased attention because of the strong shocks to society and economies caused by extreme weather and global climate change. The development of sponge cities is consistent with th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,459 Views
14 Pages

15 February 2022

In the context of global climate change, many countries have taken corresponding measures to cope with the stormwater problems in urbanization. The Chinese government introduced the concept of Sponge City to improve the urban water ecological securit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,278 Views
16 Pages

4 January 2022

Sponge City is an integrated urban stormwater management approach and practice to tackle waterlogging, flooding, water scarcity, and their related problems. Despite many positive effects of Sponge City on flood control that have been investigated and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
7,444 Views
12 Pages

1 March 2018

To improve Chinese cities’ resilience to climate change, the Sponge City Program, which was designed to tackle water pollution, storm water management, and flooding, was initiated in 2014. Being a major policy initiative, the Sponge City Program rais...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,209 Views
17 Pages

8 March 2025

Water resources in the European Union are diverse. For example, Croatia has almost 18 times the water resources that Poland has. Although the key factor causing water shortages is population growth, in Poland this crisis is primarily determined by dy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,450 Views
21 Pages

3 July 2024

With high-speed urbanization, ecological space is seriously shrinking, and lagging drainage facilities contradict the ecological needs of citizens. In particular, water-scarce cities are faced with frequent stormwater disasters, such as excessive acc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,831 Views
22 Pages

26 January 2025

The implementation of sponge cities in China modifies the hydrological conditions of the underlying surface, effectively alleviating the urban heat island effect. However, in planning and construction, heat island mitigation targets are difficult to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,590 Views
21 Pages

19 September 2022

Despite the growing interest in implementing sponge cities (SPC), their potential is not yet being tapped in many fast-growing Sub-Saharan African cities. This is remarkable because SPC interventions can contribute considerably to increasing water sa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,754 Views
20 Pages

Quantitative Analysis of Sponge City Construction and Function in the Main Urban Area of Chengdu

  • Yue Tian,
  • Yuelin Wang,
  • Wende Chen,
  • Ruojing Chen and
  • Zhengxuan Wei

22 March 2025

This study utilizes ArcGIS, the InVEST model, and the SCS model to analyze remote sensing data from the central urban areas of Chengdu. The analysis simulates water yield and runoff within the study area while calculating the water conservation capac...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,741 Views
23 Pages

3 June 2025

Urbanization has significantly transformed ecological landscapes and created challenges in sustaining both environmental functionality and cultural values. In response, China’s Sponge City Infrastructure (SPI) aims to enhance urban water resili...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,758 Views
17 Pages

11 December 2020

Coordinating the “green” and “gray” infrastructure construction and the socioeconomic development is essential to sponge city construction. Most previous research has investigated the structural and non-structural approach for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
7,932 Views
16 Pages

Prediction of Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Sponge City Projects: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

  • Xiaohu Lin,
  • Jie Ren,
  • Jingcheng Xu,
  • Tao Zheng,
  • Wei Cheng,
  • Junlian Qiao,
  • Juwen Huang and
  • Guangming Li

31 October 2018

In recent years, China has been vigorously carrying out the planning and implementation of Sponge City. Since the implementation of Sponge City projects involves substantial materials and energy consumption, it is significant to account corresponding...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
3,949 Views
13 Pages

16 January 2023

With the gradual advancement of urbanization, urban hardened roofs and pavements are increasing, and the rainwater cycle is being seriously damaged; sponge city construction has become an inevitable trend to address this problem. The analysis of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
5,078 Views
14 Pages

3 January 2023

Permeable concrete is a new type of pavement material, which can effectively improve the urban flood discharge system, and is of great significance to the construction of sponge city. In order to optimize the use effect of permeable concrete and impr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,118 Views
16 Pages

1 June 2022

Source facilities can manage stormwater runoff pollutants while also limiting runoff volume in China’s sponge city construction. However, there is no apparent link between source volume control and runoff pollution reduction. This research uses...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,132 Views
10 Pages

18 November 2022

Urbanization increases the impervious surface of land and disrupts the hydrological cycle of urban water resources. Optimum landscape design based on climatic and geographical factors can reduce the destructive effects of urban development on surface...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,782 Views
11 Pages

The recent increase in rainstorm waterlogging disasters has acutely threatened sustainable urban development in China. Traditional strategy to solve this problem is drainage capacity enhancing projects, which aims at enlarging the discharge of water....

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,365 Views
18 Pages

11 April 2020

In the early stage of sponge city promotion, both developers and consumers lack initiative, and the governments can take incentive measures to encourage both groups to actively participate in the construction of sponge city. This paper makes a compar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,819 Views
20 Pages

Sponge City Program (SCP) and Urban Flood Management (UFM)—The Case of Guiyang, SW China

  • Yunfei Qi,
  • Faith Ka Shun Chan,
  • James Griffiths,
  • Meili Feng,
  • Yanfang Sang,
  • Emily O’Donnell,
  • Michael Hutchins,
  • Dimple R. Thadani,
  • Gang Li and
  • Ming Zhong
  • + 6 authors

8 October 2021

Flood management is a complex issue in Chinese cities that exhibit high populations and have undergone rapid urbanization. Urban flood management (UFM) approaches can be used to mitigate urban flood risk. To address urban issues of poor water quality...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,184 Views
20 Pages

7 October 2019

Climate change along with industrialization or urbanization, which uses materials with low water permeability and is accompanied by change in urban land use, are major reasons for frequent urban floods in many Chinese cities. Moreover, upgrading the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,787 Views
24 Pages

Keyword Analysis and Systematic Review of China’s Sponge City Policy and Flood Management Research

  • Yichen Lu,
  • Muge Huang,
  • Haixin Xiao,
  • Zekun Lu,
  • Mingjing Xie and
  • Kaida Chen

16 September 2025

With the acceleration of climate change and urbanisation, Chinese cities are facing increasingly severe flood risks. To address this challenge, China began implementing its sponge city policy in 2013, leveraging low-impact development, green infrastr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
11,220 Views
30 Pages

A Systematic Review Comparing Urban Flood Management Practices in India to China’s Sponge City Program

  • Nawnit Kumar,
  • Xiaoli Liu,
  • Sanjena Narayanasamydamodaran and
  • Kamlesh Kumar Pandey

3 June 2021

India and China are among the two most populous countries in the world that concomitantly incur substantial flood-related losses, and both countries are also experiencing rapid urbanization. This study was conducted to trace the major urban flooding...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,623 Views
15 Pages

24 August 2018

As a new development mode for solving urban water control problems, a sponge city has been widely concerned and steadily promoted in China. The source engineering in the non-public land is called a low-impact development system. Although it is an imp...

  • Essay
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,877 Views
21 Pages

11 April 2025

With the acceleration in urbanization, surface hardening has increased, urban flooding and soil erosion problems are frequent, and urban water resource management faces great challenges. Sponge city construction can effectively alleviate these proble...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,638 Views
19 Pages

28 September 2022

Residential areas are important for the underlying surface of a city, and the sponge construction of a residential area is a key topic in sponge city construction. Taking the Zi-Jing community as the research case, the SWMM model was established for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,445 Views
14 Pages

6 February 2021

As a result of high-density urbanization and climate change, both the frequency and intensity of extreme urban rainfall are increasing. Drainage systems are not designed to cope with this increase, and as a result, floods are becoming more common in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
6,149 Views
16 Pages

18 April 2020

Low-impact development (LID) has been widely used at both site-specific and local scales to try and mitigate the impact of urban stormwater runoff caused by increasing impervious urban areas. Recently, the concept of a “sponge city” was proposed by t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,714 Views
14 Pages

25 February 2023

Owing to widespread urbanization, previously elastic and permeable ecological foundations are being continuously hardened, sealed, and channelized, leading to problems such as intensified urban convergence, water pollution, seasonal rain, and flood d...

  • Hypothesis
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,303 Views
22 Pages

Water Oriented City—A ‘5 Scales’ System of Blue and Green Infrastructure in Sponge Cities Supporting the Retention of the Urban Fabric

  • Anna Zaręba,
  • Alicja Krzemińska,
  • Mariusz Adynkiewicz-Piragas,
  • Krzysztof Widawski,
  • Dan van der Horst,
  • Francisco Grijalva and
  • Rogelio Monreal

13 December 2022

The article presented methods of urban development in terms of the application of the ‘sponge city’ concept, as well as the possibility of introducing different hydro-engineering solutions into the urban fabric that allow infiltration and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,666 Views
15 Pages

22 May 2021

Estimating accurately evapotranspiration (ET) in urban ecosystems is difficult due to the complex surface conditions and a lack of fine measurement of vegetation dynamics. To overcome such difficulties using recent developments of remote sensing tech...

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