Background: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an immune response where antibodies bind to target cells and activate effector cells through Fcγ receptors, ultimately leading to the destruction of the target cells. Methods: This...
Natural Killer (NK) cells have the potential to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK cell activation is tightly regulated by the engagement of its inhibitory and activating receptors. The activating re...
A cure for HIV-1 (HIV) remains unrealized due to a reservoir of latently infected cells that persist during antiretroviral therapy (ART), with reservoir size associated with adverse health outcomes and inversely with time to viral rebound upon ART ce...
Influenza causes millions of cases of hospitalizations annually and remains a public health concern on a global scale. Vaccines are developed and have proven to be the most effective countermeasures against influenza infection. Their efficacy has bee...
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted infection affecting 491 million individuals globally. Consequently, there is a great need for both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Unfortunately, several vaccine clinical trials, primari...
This paper proposes a novel active disturbance compensation framework for exactly positioning control of electro-hydraulic systems (EHSs) subject to parameter deviations, unknown dynamics, and uncertain external load without velocity measurement mech...
COVID-19 and influenza both cause enormous disease burdens, and vaccines are the primary measures for their control. Since these viral diseases are transmitted through the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract, developing an effective and convenie...
Background/Objectives: FLU-v is a peptide-based broad-spectrum influenza vaccine proven to induce humoral and cellular immune responses in humans. In this study, FLU-v-specific IgG1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies, induced by adjuvanted or non-adjuvante...
Natural killer (NK) cells can evoke potent anti-tumour activity. This function is largely mediated through a battery of specialised cell-surface receptors which probe the tissue microenvironment for changes in surface and secretory phenotypes that ma...
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to tumor malignancy via gene amplification and protein overexpression. Previously, we developed an anti-human EGFR (hEGFR) monoclonal antibody, namely EMab-134, which detects hEGFR and dog EGFR...
The mechanisms of mAb-induced ADCC have been well established. However, the ADCC bioassays used to quantify mAb-induced ADCC require continued development/refinement to properly assess and compare the potency of newly developed therapeutic mAbs and b...
Fc-dependent effector functions are an important determinant of the in vivo potency of therapeutic antibodies. Effector function is determined by the combination of FcRs bound by the antibody and the cell expressing the relevant FcRs, leading to anti...
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer promising opportunities for preventing HIV-1 infection. The protection mechanisms of bNAbs involve the Fc domain, as well as their Fab counterpart. Here, different bNAb isotypes including IgG1, IgA1, IgA2...
Tumor cells are known to upregulate major histocompatibility complex-class I chain related proteins A and B (MICA/B) expression under stress conditions or due to radiation exposure. However, it is not clear whether there are specific stages of cellul...
SLAMF7, also known as CD319, a SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) family receptor, is relatively weakly expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. This study evaluated the ability of elotuzumab (E), an anti-SLAMF7/CD319 an...
Background/Objectives: High-risk neuroblastoma patients are treated with approved anti-ganglioside GD2 antibodies of moderate (dinutuximab beta; DB) and higher binding affinity (naxitamab; NAXI). We evaluated the functional potency of DB compared to...
Objectives: Identifying immune-protective biomarkers is crucial for the effective management and mitigation of current and future COVID-19 outbreaks, particularly in preventing or counteracting the immune evasion exhibited by the Omicron variants. Th...
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs), such as the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants, have arisen and spread worldwide. Today, the predominant circulating subvariants are sublineages of the Om...
Background: Native cluster of differentiation (CD) 19 targeting antibodies are poorly effective in triggering antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are crucial effector functions of th...
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever (ASF), a highly lethal disease in pigs. Vietnam has approved two ASF live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs), but their efficacy and safety remain controversial, and no reliable, highly effective co...
The resistance of breast cancer cells to therapeutic antibodies such as anti-HER2 trastuzumab can be overcome by engaging natural killer (NK) cells for killing antibody-binding tumor cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we...
Cancer-specific monoclonal antibodies (CasMabs) that recognize cancer-specific antigens with in vivo antitumor efficacy are innovative therapeutic strategies for minimizing adverse effects. We previously established a cancer-specific anti-human epide...
Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a non-canonical Notch ligand, is highly expressed in various malignant tumors, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CBA-1205 is an afucosylated humanized antibody against DLK1 with enhanced antibody-dependent cel...
Galectin recognizes β-galactosides through its carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). This study aimed to determine the biological features of a novel Trichinella spiralis galectin (galactoside-binding lectin family protein, TsGLFP) and its ro...
CD19 and CXCR4 are pivotal regulators of B-cell activation and migration, respectively. Specifically, CXCR4 signaling critically influences the dissemination of various malignant B cells through constitutive activation and aberrant expression. This s...
We investigated the role of antibodies against the mature portion of glycoprotein G (mgG-2) of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) in protective immunity after vaccination. Mice were immunized intramuscularly with mgG-2 and oligodeoxynucleotides containin...
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have a promising outlook within the pharmaceutical industry having made positive strides in both research and development as well as commercialisation, however this development has been hampered by manufacturing...
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK cells is a key mechanism in anti-cancer therapies with monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab (EGFR-targeting) and avelumab (PDL1-targeting). Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) polym...
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are significant global health problems associated with mucosal and neurologic disease. Prior experimental vaccines primarily elicited neutralizing antibodies targeting glycoprotein D (gD), but those that advanced to clini...
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes capable of killing transformed cells without prior sensitization through direct cytolytic activity and, in an antigen-specific manner, by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Human NK cells...
Background: Current influenza A vaccines primarily induce neutralizing antibodies targeting the variable hemagglutinin (HA) head domain, limiting their effectiveness against diverse or emerging influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes. The conserved HA stem...
Immunotherapies against high-risk neuroblastoma (NB), using the anti-GD2 antibody (Ab) dinutuximab beta (DB), significantly improved patient survival. Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the main mechanisms of action and it is primari...
The ability of the HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu to decrease CD4 levels contributes to the protection of infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by preventing the exposure of Env vulnerable epitopes. Small-molecule...
At the heart of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccine’s efficacy in the absence of neutralizing antibodies is a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that effectively decreases the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition in macaques....
A cancer-specific anti-PDPN mAb, LpMab-23 (mouse IgG1, kappa), was established in our previous study. We herein produced a humanized IgG1 version (humLpMab-23) and defucosylated form (humLpMab-23-f) of an anti-PDPN mAb to increase ADCC activity. humL...
Mogamulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) present on certain T cells in lymphomas and leukemias. This antibody-based therapy has demonstrated efficacy in treating various cutaneous T cell lymphomas...
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is characterized by an accumulation of malignant precursor cells. Treatment consists of multiagent chemotherapy followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in high-risk patients. In addition, patients...
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a major mechanism by which antitumor antibodies mediate therapeutic efficacy. At present, we evaluate an Fc-optimized (amino acid substitutions S239D/I332E) FLT3 antibody termed 4G8-SDIEM (FLYSYN) in...
We previously reported the structure, affinity, and anticancer activity of a bivalent bispecific natural killer cell engager (BiKE) composed of one anti-CD16a VHH and one anti-HER2 VHH fused via a linker. In this study, we explored the engineering of...
GD2-directed immunotherapies improve survival of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients (pts). Treatment with chimeric anti-GD2 antibodies (Ab), such as ch14.18, can induce development of human anti-chimeric Ab (HACA). Here, we report HACA effects on...
We have previously shown that antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) cooperates with immunotoxin (IT)-mediated killing of human leukaemia cells in an severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leuk...
A promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy is to restore or enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells, among others, by activating the mechanism of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor antigens, such as...
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the surveillance of viral infections and cancer. NK cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct cytotoxicity are mediated by the recognition of antibody-coated target cells throu...
Unconjugated anti-cancer IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) activate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages, and these activities are thought to b...
AMHRII, the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, is selectively expressed in normal sexual organs but is also re-expressed in gynecologic cancers. Hence, we developed murlentamab, a humanized glyco-engineered anti-AMHRII monoclonal antibody currently in...
N-glycosylation has been shown to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of several classes of biologics, including monoclonal antibodies, blood factors, and lysosomal enzymes. In the last two decades, N-glycan engineering has been employed to achieve...
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has been considered an IC exclusively expressed on T cells, where it counteracts the co-stimulatory CD28 receptor, by competing for its binding to CD-80 and CD-86. We recently found that it is expressed a...
Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients with the anti-GD2 antibody (Ab) dinutuximab beta (DB) improves survival by 15%. Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is the major mechanism of action and is primarily mediated by NK cells. Since...
23 September 2023
The clinically approved human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), trastuzumab, and pertuzumab, target domains IV and II, respectively. Trastuzumab is now the standard treatment for HER2-overexpressed brea...
CD44 variants (CD44v) play essential roles in the promotion of tumor metastasis, maintenance of cancer stem cell properties, and resistance to treatments. Therefore, the development of anti-CD44v mAbs is essential for targeting CD44v-positive tumor c...
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