Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.3	2011	18.4 Days	CHF 2400
Designs designs	-	3.9	2017	21.7 Days	CHF 1600
Electricity electricity	-	4.8	2020	27.9 Days	CHF 1000
Electronics electronics	2.6	5.3	2012	16.4 Days	CHF 2400
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	16.8 Days	CHF 2600

12 pages, 971 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Session Initiation Protocol Proxy in a Role of a Quality of Service Control Application in Software-Defined Networks

by Dalibor Zeman, Filip Rezac, Miroslav Voznak and Jan Rozhon

Designs 2022, 6(6), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6060123 - 4 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1758

This article deals with quality of service (QoS) in internet protocol (IP) telephony by applying software-defined networking (SDN) tools. The authors develop a new design that deterministically classifies real-time protocol (RTP) streams based on data found in session initiation protocol (SIP) using SIP [...] Read more.

This article deals with quality of service (QoS) in internet protocol (IP) telephony by applying software-defined networking (SDN) tools. The authors develop a new design that deterministically classifies real-time protocol (RTP) streams based on data found in session initiation protocol (SIP) using SIP proxy as a mediator, and the concept making this possible is called SDN. Compared to traditional networks, SDN allows us to approach network configuration differently. SDN networks are programmable through software applications running on top of the SDN controller. One of the technologies that might benefit from this concept is IP telephony, which often needs an additional priority management configuration to ensure consistent quality of its real-time media exchange. Typically, a session protocol for real-time communications is SIP, and as such, its infrastructure may be used to classify the traffic in question and take advantage of the centralized approach of SDN networks to distribute the class information across the switching devices. Different approaches and possible applications are discussed in the conclusion. The contribution of this paper lies in the proposal of SDN-based QoS mechanisms. The entire design of the concept was implemented and validated in a laboratory environment. The results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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16 pages, 9962 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Active Filtering of Inverter Output Waveforms Based on Orthogonal Space Vector Theory

by Adam Muc and Jan Iwaszkiewicz

Energies 2022, 15(21), 7861; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217861 - 23 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1652

Abstract

This paper presents a DC/AC converter consisting of two two-level inverters. The complex converter is built using two standard three-phase inverters: the main inverter (MI) and the auxiliary one (AI). The MI is controlled in a simple way to generate the stepped output [...] Read more.

This paper presents a DC/AC converter consisting of two two-level inverters. The complex converter is built using two standard three-phase inverters: the main inverter (MI) and the auxiliary one (AI). The MI is controlled in a simple way to generate the stepped output voltage and the AI works as an active filter limiting the higher harmonics in the MI output voltage. The filtering process is based on the orthogonal space vector theory. A development and modification of the basic solution are presented here. The output voltage of the MI takes the shape of a stepped voltage comparable to the voltage generated by multilevel inverters. The AI operates as a very effective active power filter (APF) of the MI output voltage. The AI power is significantly lower in comparison to the MI power. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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22 pages, 8546 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Scale Topology Optimization with Isotropic and Orthotropic Microstructures

by Sina Rastegarzadeh, Jun Wang and Jida Huang

Designs 2022, 6(5), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6050073 - 27 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3827

Abstract

Advances in additive manufacturing enable the fabrication of complex structures with intricate geometric details, which bring opportunities for high-resolution structure design and transform the potential of functional product development. However, the increasingly delicate designs bring computational challenges for structural optimization paradigms, such as [...] Read more.

Advances in additive manufacturing enable the fabrication of complex structures with intricate geometric details, which bring opportunities for high-resolution structure design and transform the potential of functional product development. However, the increasingly delicate designs bring computational challenges for structural optimization paradigms, such as topology optimization (TO), since the design dimensionality increases with the resolutions. Two-scale TO paves an avenue for high-resolution structural design to alleviate this challenge. This paper investigates the efficacy of introducing function-based microstructures into the two-scale TO. Both isotropic and orthotropic microstructure are considered to develop this TO framework. Implicit functions are exploited to model the two classes of cellular materials, including triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) and Fourier series-based functions (FSF). The elasticity tensor of microstructures is computed with numerical homogenization. Then, a two-scale TO paradigm is formulated, and a gradient-based algorithm is proposed to simultaneously optimize the micro-scale structures and macro-scale material properties. Several engineering benchmark cases are tested with the proposed method, and experimental results reveal that using proposed microstructures leads to, at most, a

36 %

decrease in the compliance of optimal structures. The proposed framework provides achievable directionality and broader design flexibility for high-resolution product development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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27 pages, 1923 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Models for Nonlinear Control Design

by Hedi Basbas, Yong-Chao Liu, Salah Laghrouche, Mickaël Hilairet and Franck Plestan

Energies 2022, 15(15), 5477; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155477 - 28 Jul 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3307

Abstract

This article proposes a review of the modeling approaches for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) for nonlinear control design. The aerodynamic, hydrodynamic and mooring line dynamic modules for the FOWT have been reviewed to provide an overview of several modeling approaches with their [...] Read more.

This article proposes a review of the modeling approaches for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) for nonlinear control design. The aerodynamic, hydrodynamic and mooring line dynamic modules for the FOWT have been reviewed to provide an overview of several modeling approaches with their respective features. Next, three control-oriented models from the literature are revisited by presenting their methodological approaches to modeling and identification. These three models cover the three most popular types of FOWTs. Then, the performances of these models are validated with the open fatigue, aerodynamics, structures, and turbulence (OpenFAST) code, and their performances are evaluated according to several criteria. Finally, one of the three models is used to illustrate a nonlinear second-order sliding mode control based on the twisting algorithm to optimize the performance of the FOWT in terms of energy extraction and reduction in the platform pitch oscillation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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24 pages, 1764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Trajectory Adjustment Mechanism-Based Prescribed Performance Tracking Control for Electro-Hydraulic Systems Subject to Disturbances and Modeling Uncertainties

by Manh Hung Nguyen and Kyoung Kwan Ahn

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 6034; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12126034 - 14 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1941

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel active disturbance compensation framework for exactly positioning control of electro-hydraulic systems (EHSs) subject to parameter deviations, unknown dynamics, and uncertain external load without velocity measurement mechanism. In order to accurately estimate and then actively compensate for the effects [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a novel active disturbance compensation framework for exactly positioning control of electro-hydraulic systems (EHSs) subject to parameter deviations, unknown dynamics, and uncertain external load without velocity measurement mechanism. In order to accurately estimate and then actively compensate for the effects of these uncertainties and disturbances on the system dynamics, a combination between an extended sliding mode observer (ESMO) and a linear extended state observer (LESO) is firstly established for position control of EHSs. In addition, an inherited nonlinear filter-based trajectory planner with minor modifications is utilized to overcome the barriers of inappropriate desired trajectories which do not consider the system kinematic and dynamic constraints. Furthermore, for the first time, the command filtered (CF) approach and prescribed performance control (PPC) are successfully coordinated together and dexterously integrated into the backstepping framework to not only mitigate the computational cost significantly and avoid the “explosion of complexity” of the traditional backstepping design but also satisfy the predetermined transient tracking performance indexes including convergence rate, overshoot, and steady-state error. The stabilities of the observers and overall closed-loop system are rigorously proven by using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, comparative numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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11 pages, 2836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improvement in Trapezoidal Pulse Shaping Pile-Up in Nuclear Signal Processing

by Junlong Wu and Xianguo Tuo

Electronics 2022, 11(11), 1745; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111745 - 31 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2585

Abstract

In digital nuclear spectroscopy, trapezoidal shaping is widely used. Compared with traditional CR-RC4 semi-Gaussian shaping, it has a better energy resolution and higher counting rates, but does not void the pulse pile-up in the case of extreme counting rates. In this paper, a [...] Read more.

In digital nuclear spectroscopy, trapezoidal shaping is widely used. Compared with traditional CR-RC4 semi-Gaussian shaping, it has a better energy resolution and higher counting rates, but does not void the pulse pile-up in the case of extreme counting rates. In this paper, a new recursive algorithm is proposed that can improve the anti-pile-up ability, and is easy to implement in any DSP-based processor that is used in any digital pulse shaping filter section. The complete deduction and simulation are presented in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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21 pages, 3738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Path Planning Strategy of Wearable Manipulators with Target Pointing End Effectors

by Kaifan Zou, Xiaorong Guan, Zhong Li, Huibin Li, Xin’an Gao, Meng Zhu, Wei Tong and Xinrui Wang

Electronics 2022, 11(10), 1615; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101615 - 19 May 2022

Viewed by 2063

Abstract

End effectors like firearms, cameras and fire water guns can be classified as pointing end effectors. When installed on wearable manipulators, a new function can be given to the wearer. Different from gripper end effectors (GEEs), target pointing end effectors (TPEEs) have different [...] Read more.

End effectors like firearms, cameras and fire water guns can be classified as pointing end effectors. When installed on wearable manipulators, a new function can be given to the wearer. Different from gripper end effectors (GEEs), target pointing end effectors (TPEEs) have different working tasks, and the requirements for path planning are also different. There is very limited research on wearable manipulators with TPEEs. Meanwhile, manipulator with GEE path planning tends to be mature, but with a relatively low efficiency concerning its algorithm in solving high-dimensional problems. In this paper, a degree of freedom (DOF) allocation scheme and a path planning strategy (unlike manipulator with gripper end effector) were proposed for manipulators with a target pointing end effector in order to reduce the difficulty of path planning. Besides, this paper describes a new algorithm-dimension rapid-exploration random tree (dimension-RRT) to divide the manipulator DOFs into groups and unify DOFs groups by adding a fake time. The dimension-RRT was compared with the rapid-exploration random tree star algorithm (RRT*) in the same simulation environment; when there are 500 random points, the dimension-RRT time consumption is 0.556 of RRT* and the path length is 0.5 of RRT *. To quickly obtain a path that can avoid the human body, dynamic movement primitives (DMPs) were used to simulate typical spatial motion path and obstacle avoidance path efficiently. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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12 pages, 400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Memristor-Based High-Resolution A/D Converter

by Le Yang and Zhixia Ding

Electronics 2022, 11(9), 1470; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091470 - 3 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2269

Abstract

Based on the voltage threshold adaptive memristor (VTEAM) model, this paper proposes a circuit design of a memristor-based A/D converter, which can achieve high-resolution conversion by simple configuration. For this A/D converter, there are the input voltage stage and the reference voltage stage [...] Read more.

Based on the voltage threshold adaptive memristor (VTEAM) model, this paper proposes a circuit design of a memristor-based A/D converter, which can achieve high-resolution conversion by simple configuration. For this A/D converter, there are the input voltage stage and the reference voltage stage in one conversion. According to the memristance change in the two stages, the input analog voltage is converted as the corresponding digital value. In the input voltage stage, the memristance increases from the initial memristance. Meanwhile, the counter rises its value from zero to the maximum. Next, the memristance returns to the initial memristance in the reference voltage stage. At the same time, the counting value starts to increase from zero again. Then, the input analog voltage is mapped to the eventual counting value of the reference voltage stage. The simulations of the memristor-based A/D converter demonstrate that it has good conversion performance. The proposed memristor-based A/D converter not only has more brilliant performance than the CMOS A/D converter, but also has the advantages over existing memristor-based A/D converters of anti-interference ability and high resolution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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15 pages, 2415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real-Time Adaptive Selective Harmonic Elimination for Cascaded Full-Bridge Multilevel Inverter

by Miguel Vivert, Rafael Diez, Marc Cousineau, Diego Bernal Cobaleda, Diego Patino and Philippe Ladoux

Energies 2022, 15(9), 2995; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15092995 - 20 Apr 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2156

Abstract

Selective Harmonics Elimination is a high-efficiency modulation method for multilevel inverters that allows handling very high voltage applications. It eliminates the most significant harmonics and fixes the desired fundamental component. The main issue of these techniques is the complex process to obtain the [...] Read more.

Selective Harmonics Elimination is a high-efficiency modulation method for multilevel inverters that allows handling very high voltage applications. It eliminates the most significant harmonics and fixes the desired fundamental component. The main issue of these techniques is the complex process to obtain the appropriate switching-angles, being necessary to calculate them offline, meaning that if some disturbances occur, the system will not be compensated. This article proposes a real-time selective harmonic elimination for a single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter. The control strategy maintains constant the fundamental component of the output voltage while removing its third, fifth, and seventh order harmonics. The switching-angles are dynamically adapted to compensate for variations in the input voltage and the load. This is done by obtaining a virtual dynamic system using Groebner basis, an adaptation of the Newton-Raphson method, and implementing a digital PI controller into the virtual dynamical model. This adaptive modulation technique is validated experimentally in a 200 W, 9-levels Cascaded Full Bridge Inverter, canceling the harmonics and regulating the fundamental components in all the tests. The developed theory can be adapted or extended for any multilevel inverter modulated by selective harmonic elimination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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20 pages, 10579 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Rational Quadratic Trigonometric Spline (RQTS) as a Superior Surrogate to Rational Cubic Spline (RCS) with the Purpose of Designing

by Shamaila Samreen, Muhammad Sarfraz, Nabila Jabeen, Saad Althobaiti and Abdullah Mohamed

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3992; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12083992 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2137

Abstract

A key technique for modeling 2D objects is built using a Bézier-like rational quadratic trigonometric function with two form parameters. Since they are generated employing weights, the suggested rational quadratic trigonometric spline curve schemes are helpful for shape modeling. The established method yields [...] Read more.

A key technique for modeling 2D objects is built using a Bézier-like rational quadratic trigonometric function with two form parameters. Since they are generated employing weights, the suggested rational quadratic trigonometric spline curve schemes are helpful for shape modeling. The established method yields a curve with the best geometric properties, such as convex hull, partition of unity, affine invariance, and diminishing variation. The parameters in the suggested method’s construction are helpful for several critical shape features such as local, global, and biased tension qualities, which give good control over the curve and allow for shape modification as desired. In addition, the recommended approach is

C^{2}

. Furthermore, the comparative study of both splines is discussed which revealed the proposed method as a superior alternative to rational cubic spline. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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13 pages, 1538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nebula: A Scalable and Flexible Accelerator for DNN Multi-Branch Blocks on Embedded Systems

by Dawei Yang, Xinlei Li, Lizhe Qi, Wenqiang Zhang and Zhe Jiang

Electronics 2022, 11(4), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040505 - 9 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2316

Abstract

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in many artificial intelligence applications; many specialized DNN-inference accelerators have been proposed. However, existing DNN accelerators rely heavily on certain types of DNN operations (such as Conv, FC, and ReLU, etc.), which are either less used [...] Read more.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in many artificial intelligence applications; many specialized DNN-inference accelerators have been proposed. However, existing DNN accelerators rely heavily on certain types of DNN operations (such as Conv, FC, and ReLU, etc.), which are either less used or likely to become out of date in future, posing challenges of flexibility and compatibility to existing work. This paper designs a flexible DNN accelerator from a more generic perspective rather than speeding up certain types of DNN operations. Our proposed Nebula exploits the width property of DNNs and gains a significant improvement in system throughput and energy efficiency over multi-branch architectures. Nebula is a first-of-its-kind framework for multi-branch DNNs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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19 pages, 73867 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sticky Sampling and Markov State Transition Matrix Based Driving Cycle Construction Method for EV

by Li Zhao, Kun Li, Wu Zhao, Han-Chen Ke and Zhen Wang

Energies 2022, 15(3), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031057 - 31 Jan 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2771

Abstract

Driving cycle (DC) plays an important role in designing and evaluating EVs, and many Markov chain-based DC construction methods describe driving profiles of unfixed-line vehicles with Markov state transition probability. However, for fixed-line electric vehicles, the time-sequence of microtrips brings huge influences on [...] Read more.

Driving cycle (DC) plays an important role in designing and evaluating EVs, and many Markov chain-based DC construction methods describe driving profiles of unfixed-line vehicles with Markov state transition probability. However, for fixed-line electric vehicles, the time-sequence of microtrips brings huge influences on their brake, drive, and battery management systems. Simply describing topography, traffic, location, driving features, and environment in a stochastic manner cannot reflect the continuity characteristics hidden in a fixed route. Thus, in this paper, we propose a sticky sampling and Markov state transition matrix based DC construction algorithm to describe both randomness and continuity hidden in a fixed route, in which a data structure named “driving pulse chain” was constructed to describe the sequence of the driving scenarios and several Markov state transition matrices were constructed to describe the random distribution of velocity and acceleration in same driving scenarios. Simulation and experimental analysis show that with sliding window and driving pulse chain, the proposed algorithm can describe and reflect the continuity characteristics of topography, traffic, and location. At the same time, the stochastic nature of the driving cycle can be preserved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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15 pages, 6838 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Steering Vibration Analysis of Wheel Loader and Cushion Valve Design

by Tongjian Wang, Yichuan Wang, Lihui Zhu, Zhenling Zhi, Zongjian Liu and Rencheng Li

Energies 2022, 15(3), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030805 - 22 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3524

Abstract

At present, the wheel loaders on the market have steering vibration problems, which can be summarized as follows: the front frame and the cab vibrate violently at the beginning and at the end of steering. This paper analyzed the steering vibration mechanism by [...] Read more.

At present, the wheel loaders on the market have steering vibration problems, which can be summarized as follows: the front frame and the cab vibrate violently at the beginning and at the end of steering. This paper analyzed the steering vibration mechanism by collecting the pressure at different positions of the hydraulic steering system and AMESim simulation. A cushion valve was designed to solve the problem of steering vibration. Finally, the prototype test was carried out and it was concluded that the cushion valve reduced the steering pressure starting shock by 50%, the stop vibration was reduced by 75%, and the suction problem no longer occurred. Further, the analysis provides theoretical and experimental basis for research on the steering system of loaders, and also provides new ideas for the design and optimization of vehicle steering systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Design, Applications, and Control Algorithms of Emerging Topologies)

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