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  • Article
  • Open Access

10 February 2026

This research aims to develop a chitosan-coated, TH-loaded nanobilosomal gel (CH-TH-BG) to magnify the transdermal delivery and anti-inflammatory efficacy of thymol (TH) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Initially, chitosan-coated, TH-...

  • Article
  • Open Access

Enhancing Restoration of Arid Mining Area Using Lignite-Based Superabsorbent Gel

  • Zhaojun Yang,
  • Naeem Akram,
  • Lei Zhou,
  • Saman Khawaja,
  • Yi Zhang and
  • Jia Guo

9 February 2026

This research designed a high-performance superabsorbent gel aligned on the integration of lignite humic residue (LHR) with a polymeric organic network in order to address ecological restoration challenges in the arid mining area in Xinjiang. This wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access

9 February 2026

The valorization of wine by-products aligns with circular bioeconomy principles. This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds and cell wall polysaccharides from Syrah grape stems (Vitis vinifera L.)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
110 Views
14 Pages

Magnetic-Graphene-Oxide-Incorporated Alginate Hydrogel Beads as a Potential Controlled Drug Delivery System

  • Somayeh Sadighian,
  • Tabassom Mahmoudie,
  • Abolfazl Kordloo,
  • Mohammad Reza Heydari,
  • Akram Khanmohammadi,
  • Zahra Kaboli and
  • Narges Forouzideh

8 February 2026

The aim of this study was to synthesize alginate hydrogel beads using ionotropic gelation containing pH-sensitive magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MGO). MGO was prepared using a hydrothermal method and surrounded by alginate beads. FTIR, XRD, FESEM,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
174 Views
46 Pages

Toward Skin-like Sensors: Stretchable Conductive Gels for Triboelectric Applications

  • Zejun Shen,
  • Na Li,
  • Jianjing Yi,
  • Xiuru Xu,
  • Xiaoxiao Mo and
  • Ruopeng Wang

8 February 2026

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and wearable electronics, there is an increasing demand for skin-like, flexible, and self-powered sensors capable of continuously perceiving mechanical stimuli and human motions. Triboelectric nan...

  • Review
  • Open Access
100 Views
25 Pages

3D Printing with Tragacanth-Gum-Based Bioinks: A New Frontier in Bioprinting Materials

  • Shivani Dogra,
  • Bhupendra Koul,
  • Ananta Prasad Arukha and
  • Muhammad Fazle Rabbee

7 February 2026

Extrusion-based bioprinting is widely used for fabricating cell-laden constructs; however, its success is highly dependent on the rheological and biological performance of the bioink. Natural polysaccharide gums have emerged as promising bioink compo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Views
12 Pages

Time-Dependent Network-Forming Dispersion Behavior of Barium Titanate Slurries and Their Impact on Green Sheet Properties

  • Haejin Park,
  • Seongho Lee,
  • Yunbi Lee,
  • Seohyeon Lee,
  • Yewon Lee,
  • Yujeong Ahn,
  • Hyunchul Ahn and
  • Junheon Lee

7 February 2026

In the fabrication of ultrathin multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), the long-term stability of ceramic slurries is a critical yet often overlooked factor that can significantly influence coating uniformity, interfacial adhesion, and process reprod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
130 Views
22 Pages

Mechanistic Investigation of Microdroplet Formation in High-Viscosity Shear-Thinning Hydrogel Bioinks

  • Qiang Gao,
  • Yanling Mi,
  • Kaicheng Yu,
  • Youyun Shang,
  • Lihua Lu,
  • Yongqiang Gao and
  • Peng Zhang

6 February 2026

High-resolution biofabrication requires precise microscale deposition, yet drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet bioprinting is constrained by a narrow printable viscosity window. Many biocompatible hydrogel precursors display high zero-shear viscosity and str...

  • Review
  • Open Access
309 Views
20 Pages

A Comprehensive Review on Innovative Food Gelling Strategies for Sustainable Production of Meat Analogs and Restructured Meat

  • AMM Nurul Alam,
  • Abdul Samad,
  • Ayesha Muazzam,
  • So-Hee Kim,
  • Chan-Jin Kim,
  • Young-Hwa Hwang and
  • Seon-Tea Joo

5 February 2026

The growing need for ecologically sound and ethical protein sources has contributed to the development of meat analogs (MAs) and restructured meat products (RMPs). Next generation MA and RMP production requires sustainable structuring techniques to i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
135 Views
19 Pages

5 February 2026

To address the limitations of conventional superabsorbent polymers in complex aqueous environments, a novel ternary composite gel (BT-SAP) based on xanthan gum, poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), and bentonite was synthesized via a facile one-pot poly...

  • Review
  • Open Access
101 Views
25 Pages

Nanostructured Hydrogels: A Method to Prevent Biofilms on Implantable Medical Devices

  • Hasani G. Jayasinghe,
  • Ujith S. K. Madduma-Bandarage and
  • Sundar V. Madihally

5 February 2026

Microbial biofilms pose significant health risks by causing infections associated with prosthetic and indwelling medical devices. Factors such as the high tolerance levels of biofilm microorganisms to antibiotics and the inability of antimicrobial ag...

  • Article
  • Open Access
164 Views
21 Pages

Gelatin–Chitosan–PVA Hydrogels Incorporating Trichoderma and Their Application in the Control of Phytopathogens

  • Lizbeth de Jesús Martínez-Vela,
  • Mayra Itzcalotzin Montero-Cortés,
  • Joaquín Alejandro Qui-Zapata,
  • Vania Sbeyde Farias-Cervantes,
  • Julio César López-Velázquez,
  • Arturo Moisés Chávez-Rodríguez,
  • Jonathan M. Barba-Godínez and
  • Zaira Yunuen García-Carvajal

4 February 2026

The utilization of microorganisms as biocontrol agents represents a sustainable alternative to agrochemicals. Trichoderma spp. has been identified as a fungus that promotes plant growth and suppresses phytopathogens. Nonetheless, conventional commerc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
152 Views
19 Pages

Design and Biological Evaluation of a Gelatin/Recombinant Type III Collagen/CMC Composite Hydrogel for Wound Healing

  • Ruixue Wu,
  • Yunjie Shi,
  • Yusi Hu,
  • Jielei Han,
  • Zhenyu Wang,
  • Zhouguang Wang and
  • Qian Xu

3 February 2026

Effective chronic skin wound healing remains challenging due to excessive inflammation, insufficient vascular support, and impaired extracellular matrix remodeling. By rationally designing and integrating complementary biomaterials, it is possible to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
169 Views
26 Pages

From Surface Energetics to Environmental Functionality: Mechanistic Insights into Hg(II) Removal by L-Cysteine-Modified Silica Gel

  • Rene G. Moran-Salazar,
  • Ricardo Manríquez-González,
  • Alejandro A. Peregrina-Lucano,
  • José A. Gutierréz-Ortega,
  • Agustín Lara,
  • Eulogio Orozco-Guareño,
  • Adriana M. Macias-Lamas,
  • Jessica Badillo-Camacho,
  • Ilya G. Shenderovich and
  • Sergio Gómez-Salazar
  • + 1 author

3 February 2026

The development of oxidation-resistant and regenerable materials remains a major challenge for mercury removal from contaminated waters and industrial effluents. In this study, a zwitterionic mesoporous silica gel functionalized with L-cysteine (SG-3...

  • Article
  • Open Access
122 Views
16 Pages

3 February 2026

This study presents a simple method for producing chemically crosslinked porous materials from lignocellulosic fibers with different particle sizes and lignin contents. Porous materials were prepared from organosolv pulp (OP), kneaded organosolv pulp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
273 Views
18 Pages

Gum Arabic Modulates Redox–Ionic Microenvironments via Rheology and Kinetics to Induce Selective Cytotoxicity in Colorectal Cancer Cells

  • Emre Cebeci,
  • Büşra Yüksel,
  • Reyhan Aliusta,
  • Şahin Yılmaz,
  • Ertuğrul Osman Bursalıoğlu,
  • Mustafa Eray Bozyel,
  • Halise Betül Gökçe,
  • Şaban Kalay,
  • Şükran Özdatlı Kurtuluş and
  • Ismail Aslan
  • + 2 authors

3 February 2026

Background: Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural polysaccharide widely recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its functional behavior as a biopolymeric gel and the mechanisms underlying its selective effects on cancer-relat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
267 Views
48 Pages

2 February 2026

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are an emerging class of smart materials with immense potential across biomedical engineering, soft robotics, environmental systems, and advanced manufacturing. In this review, we present an in-depth exploration of their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
228 Views
21 Pages

Comprehensive Characterisation of Photocurable PEGDA/Gelatine Hydrogels for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing

  • Corona Morató-Cecchini,
  • David Rodríguez-González,
  • Lucía Celada,
  • Lucía Sánchez-Suárez,
  • Manuel Alejandro Fernández,
  • Enrique Aguilar and
  • Helena Herrada-Manchón

2 February 2026

The development of photocurable hydrogel biomaterial inks with suitable rheology, low cytotoxicity, and tuneable mechanical properties is essential for reliable biofabrication. This study aimed to formulate PEGDA–gelatine–collagen inks us...

  • Article
  • Open Access
152 Views
14 Pages

Imbibition and Oil Drainage Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Compound Polymer Fracturing Fluids

  • Herui Fan,
  • Tianyu Jiang,
  • Ruoxia Li,
  • Yu Si,
  • Yunbo Dong,
  • Mingwei Zhao,
  • Zhongzheng Xu and
  • Lin Li

2 February 2026

Unconventional low-permeability reservoirs present significant production challenges due to the poor imbibition and displacement efficiency of conventional polymer fracturing fluids. The injection of nanoparticle (NP) compounds into polymer fracturin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
129 Views
15 Pages

Eco-Friendly In Situ Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Chitosan Nanogels for Antibacterial Applications

  • Tianji Li,
  • Minghui Zhao,
  • Luohui Wang,
  • Delong Dai,
  • Youming Dong,
  • Fei Xiao,
  • Cheng Li,
  • Xiuhong Zhu and
  • Jianwei Zhang

2 February 2026

Eco-friendly chitosan nanogels (CSNG) with an average diameter of 48.5 nm were synthesized via alkali/urea dissolution and employed as templates for in situ silver nanoparticle fabrication. Silver nanoparticle size was controlled by adjusting CSNG to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
198 Views
16 Pages

Performance and Numerical Simulation of Gel–Foam Systems for Profile Control and Flooding in Fractured Reservoirs

  • Junhui Bai,
  • Yingwei He,
  • Jiawei Li,
  • Yue Lang,
  • Zhengxiao Xu,
  • Tongtong Zhang,
  • Qiao Sun,
  • Xun Wei and
  • Fengrui Yang

2 February 2026

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in fractured reservoirs presents significant challenges due to fluid channeling and poor sweep efficiency. In this study, a synergistic EOR system was developed with polymer-based weak gel as the primary component and foam...

  • Article
  • Open Access
151 Views
20 Pages

2 February 2026

Cellulose nanofibers/metal-organic framework (CNFs/MOF) composites hold promise for energy storage thanks to high porosity, large specific surface area, and inherent flexibility, but their poor conductivity limits applications to environmental remedi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
153 Views
24 Pages

2 February 2026

Wound-related inflammatory pain is a major contributor to wound healing success and requires wound-specific therapeutic platforms with minimal systemic adverse effects. This study builds a dual-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/carboxymethyl cellu...

  • Review
  • Open Access
268 Views
34 Pages

2 February 2026

The regeneration of bone and the repair of large segmental bone defects represent critical challenges in regenerative medicine. Natural bone tissue is an anisotropic material characterized by an intricate gradient distribution in structure, mechanica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
176 Views
13 Pages

Chemical Properties of Mucilage Extracts from Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller for Gel Formulation: Comparative Study with Pectin

  • Federica Torregrossa,
  • Luciano Cinquanta,
  • Francesca Mazza,
  • Francesca Malvano,
  • Natale Badalamenti,
  • Maurizio Bruno and
  • Matteo Pollon

2 February 2026

Mucilage extracted from cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. has attracted growing interest as a natural food additive due to its gelling and nutritional properties. In this study, the chemical characteristics of Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage...

  • Article
  • Open Access
296 Views
33 Pages

Fermented Plant Extract-Loaded Collagen Scaffolds: Bioactive Hydrogels for Enhanced Wound Repair and Immune Modulation

  • Lesly Katleya Usme-Duque,
  • Miguel A. Medina-Morales,
  • María I. León-Campos,
  • Marisol Cruz-Requena,
  • Leopoldo J. Ríos-González,
  • Rebeca Betancourt-Galindo and
  • Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo

1 February 2026

Fermented extracts of Flourensia cernua (F. cernua), enriched with bioactive polyphenols such as caffeic acid, apigenin, myricetin, and quercetin, exhibit strong potential to promote tissue regeneration. However, controlled delivery systems are requi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
199 Views
18 Pages

Tailoring Electronic Structures via Ce/C Co-Doping and Oxygen Vacancy in TiO2 Aerogels for Enhanced Solar Fuel Production

  • Jiahan Guan,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Xiaodong Wu,
  • Yu Xia,
  • Bingyan Shi,
  • Shibei Liu,
  • Lijie Xu,
  • Ruiyang Zhang,
  • Yunlong Sun and
  • Yuqian Lin

1 February 2026

A targeted modification approach involving the synthesis of Ce/C co-doped TiO2 aerogels (CeCTi) via a sol–gel method combined with supercritical CO2 drying and subsequent heat treatment is employed to enhance the photocatalytic CO2 reduction pe...

  • Review
  • Open Access
536 Views
46 Pages

Versatility of Click Chemistry in Hydrogel Synthesis: From Molecular Strategies to Applications in Regenerative Medicine

  • Domingo Cesar Carrascal-Hernández,
  • Carlos David Grande-Tovar,
  • Daniel Insuasty,
  • Edgar Márquez and
  • Maximiliano Mendez-Lopez

1 February 2026

Click chemistry is highly valued in the design of polymeric biomaterials due to its ability to generate complex structures and localized surface modifications. However, prominent mechanisms in click chemistry, such as copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
144 Views
30 Pages

High-Temperature Induced Sintering Strengthening of Mechanical Properties of Porous Silica: A Molecular Dynamics Study

  • Ruoyu Bao,
  • Yiming Song,
  • Jiejie Shi,
  • Yuanfu Zhang,
  • Renhui Cheng,
  • Mingyang Yang and
  • Mu Du

1 February 2026

Silica aerogels are critical for thermal protection in extreme environments; however, their mechanical response mechanisms under high temperatures remain elusive. This study employs large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
131 Views
18 Pages

Preparation and Thermal Safety of Ammonium Polyphosphate Doping Silica Aerogels: Effects of Content and Polymerization

  • Zhiyu Huo,
  • Yumin Duan,
  • Shaoqian Zhang,
  • Yikai Zhu,
  • Qiao Wang,
  • Zhi Li and
  • Xiaoxu Wu

1 February 2026

Hydrophobic silica aerogels (SAs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent thermal insulation performance and have potential applications in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the organic groups on its surface are fl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
219 Views
31 Pages

1 February 2026

Metallogels constitute a rapidly expanding class of hybrid soft materials in which metal ions, metal complexes, or metal-containing nanoparticles play a decisive structural and functional role within a three-dimensional gel network. Their unique comb...

  • Article
  • Open Access
229 Views
17 Pages

29 January 2026

Additive manufacturing of hydrogel-based scaffolds requires concurrent control of material rheology and extrusion dynamics, especially in multi-material architectures. In this work, we develop a modular multi-material extrusion-based 3D-printing plat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
181 Views
17 Pages

29 January 2026

This study presents the development and characterization of chia mucilage–montmorillonite (MMT) films enriched with Lactobacillus sakei postbiotics. The films were evaluated mainly for their antimicrobial properties and practical applicability...

  • Article
  • Open Access
266 Views
16 Pages

29 January 2026

The stability of the electrolyte is very important for the development of high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries. To improve the stability of electrolyte performance, it is essential to first understand the causes of its deterioration. Ph...

  • Review
  • Open Access
222 Views
29 Pages

Smart Composite Hydrogels for Monitoring and Managing Chronic Wounds

  • Jun Zhu,
  • Yibin Huang,
  • Junbo Tong,
  • Antong Li and
  • Bin Chu

29 January 2026

The precise management of chronic wounds poses a global medical challenge, owing to their complex and dynamically shifting pathological microenvironment, coupled with their inherent difficulty in healing. Traditional dressings, which lack capabilitie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
197 Views
14 Pages

Intrinsically Thermoresponsive Hydrogels from Molecularly Engineered Chitosan

  • Xiaohan Zha,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Zhuoying Meng,
  • Yiwen Ye,
  • Hui Sun,
  • Chengyu Tan and
  • Ye Tian

28 January 2026

Thermoresponsive chitosan hydrogels hold significant promise for advancing biomedical technologies, yet their frequent reliance on petroleum-based polymers raises biosafety and environmental concerns. The present study utilized a molecular functional...

  • Article
  • Open Access
248 Views
17 Pages

Decellularized Extracellular Matrix/Gellan Gum Hydrogels Enriched with Spermine for Cardiac Models

  • Luca Di Nunno,
  • Marcin Wekwejt,
  • Francesco Copes,
  • Francesca Boccafoschi and
  • Diego Mantovani

28 January 2026

The physiological relevance of in vitro models is limited because conventional two-dimensional cell culture systems are unable to replicate the structural and functional complexity of native tissues. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic hydrogels have...

  • Article
  • Open Access
128 Views
19 Pages

Investigation of Toughening Mechanism of Virgin Asphalt by Blending with Waste Battery Powder

  • Chenze Fang,
  • Xu Guo,
  • Yuanzhao Chen,
  • Hui Li,
  • Naisheng Guo,
  • Zhenxia Li,
  • Zongyuan Wu,
  • Jingyu Yang and
  • Tengteng Guo

28 January 2026

Waste battery powder (WBP) can effectively enhance the service performance of virgin asphalt with sol–gel structures; however, its toughening mechanism for sol–gel virgin asphalt still lacks rigorous mechanical characterization. Therefore...

  • Article
  • Open Access
252 Views
18 Pages

Thermo-Oxidative Stability and Functional Properties of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Oleogels

  • Denisse Bascuñan,
  • Claudia Vergara,
  • Cristian Valdes,
  • Yaneris Mirabal,
  • Roberto Quiroz,
  • Jaime Ortiz-Viedma,
  • Vicente Barros,
  • Jaime Vargas and
  • Marcos Flores

28 January 2026

Structuring oils using oleogels (OGs) represents a promising strategy for developing semi-solid lipid matrices with applications in food and other soft systems. This study evaluated the thermal stability and physicochemical properties of an oleogel (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
388 Views
23 Pages

A New Cardiac Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (dECM)-Based Hydrogel: From Its Development with a Standardized Myocardial Decellularization Procedure to In Vitro Model Applications

  • Giacomo Bernava,
  • Martina Boaron,
  • Golnar Abdalvand,
  • Massimo Marchesan,
  • Francesco Tona,
  • Giovanni Civieri,
  • Isabella Bondani,
  • Gianluca Bacchiega and
  • Laura Iop

28 January 2026

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for reliable in vitro models that recapitulate the complexity of the native myocardium. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures lack structural a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
206 Views
17 Pages

Sol–Gel-Derived Ge-Substituted LLZO Ceramic Coatings on Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes for Improved Interfacial Stability

  • Soon Phil Jung,
  • Dae Won Oh,
  • Byeong Jin Jeong,
  • Jun Yeop Lee,
  • Du Hyun Roh,
  • Kumaran Vediappan,
  • RM. Gnanamuthu,
  • Sivagaami Sundari Gunasekaran and
  • Chang Woo Lee

28 January 2026

Gel-based routes, particularly sol–gel processes, offer a versatile pathway to generate uniform inorganic networks and gel-derived functional ceramics with controlled composition and interfacial coverage. In this study, we employ a citrate-assi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
108 Views
27 Pages

28 January 2026

Understanding how nanocomposite gels regulate pore–throat structures and flow behavior is essential for improving profile control and flow diversion in deep-water tight reservoirs. In this study, a dual-structure-regulated nanocomposite gel (DS...

  • Article
  • Open Access
228 Views
19 Pages

27 January 2026

Inorganic arsenic species, As(V) and As(III), present significant toxicity and carcinogenic risks in water, making their effective removal critical for global water safety. This study introduces Fe-Ti-Mn/chitosan composite xerogel beads (FTMO/chitosa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
257 Views
20 Pages

27 January 2026

To promote sustainable food production, the effective valorization of agricultural byproducts is essential. This study investigated the potential of underutilized chestnut inner skin (CIS) and thinned young persimmon fruit (YPF) extracts as functiona...

  • Article
  • Open Access
134 Views
32 Pages

The Effect of GBFS on the Mechanical Properties and Hydration Products of Steam-Cured Cement Mortar

  • Baoliang Li,
  • Jie Li,
  • Yue Li,
  • Hongrui Shang,
  • Haohang Yu,
  • Binbin Huo and
  • Yuyi Liu

27 January 2026

To investigate the mechanism by which ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) affects the performance of steam-cured cementitious materials, this study systematically analyzes the effect of GBFS on the mechanical strength and hydration products o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
139 Views
18 Pages

Characterization and Structural Evaluation of Niobium-Integrated Chitosan–Gelatin Hybrid Hydrogels

  • Muhammad Usman Khalid,
  • Arunas Stirke,
  • Martynas Talaikis,
  • Vidas Pakstas,
  • Tatjana Kavleiskaja,
  • Alessandro Márcio Hakme da Silva and
  • Wanessa De Melo

27 January 2026

Chitosan–gelatin (CG) hybrid hydrogels are widely recognized for their biocompatibility and suitability for soft tissue engineering, wound dressings, and biomedical coatings. Despite this promise, conventional CG systems often exhibit limited m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
166 Views
14 Pages

Highly Porous Polyimide Gel for Use as a Battery Separator with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

  • Rocco P. Viggiano,
  • James Wu,
  • Daniel A. Scheiman,
  • Brianne DeMattia,
  • Patricia Loyselle and
  • Baochau N. Nguyen

27 January 2026

Advanced aerospace vehicle concepts demand concurrent advances in energy storage technologies that improve both specific energy and safety. Commercial lithium-ion batteries commonly employ polyolefin microporous separators and carbonate-based liquid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
165 Views
20 Pages

Enhancing Solid-State Supercapacitors with Nitrogen Plasma-Activated PVA-KOH Gel Electrolyte

  • Yiduo Li,
  • Gen Chen,
  • Shidong Fang,
  • Wenxue Duan,
  • Jie Shen,
  • Zou Wu,
  • Kaixin Xiang and
  • Jingwei Tao

27 January 2026

The development of high-performance solid-state energy storage devices is constrained by the limited ionic conductivity of gel electrolytes. To address this challenge, an inductively coupled nitrogen plasma (ICP) surface modification strategy was app...

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Gels - ISSN 2310-2861