Chemical Modification with Alkalinization and Acetylation of Ramie Fibers for Eco-Friendly 3D Printing Filaments: Effects on Crystallinity, Structure, and Hydrophobicity †
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Research Tools and Materials
3. Research Methods
3.1. Alkalization Treatment
3.2. Hemp Fiber Acetylation Treatment Procedure
3.3. FTIR Test
3.4. Contact Angle Testing
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Fiber Function Group
4.2. Kristalinitas Fiber
4.3. Hydrophobicity of Fiber
4.4. Fiber Morphology
4.5. Potential as 3D Printing Filament
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wavenumber (cm−1) | Wave Type | Description |
---|---|---|
3284.59 | Hydroxyl Group (-OH) | Presence of hydroxyl groups from cellulose or hemicellulose. Intensity changes after acetylation indicate hydroxyl group involvement in the reaction. |
2918.28 | Stretching C-H | Stretched C-H of methyl or methylene groups in cellulose. Confirms that the organic structure of hemp fiber is preserved even after modification. |
1732.8 | Carbonyl Band (C=O) | Formation of carbonyl from acetylation reaction. Success of the acetylation reaction is consistent with other results showing increased carbonyl presence. |
1239.28 | Estering C-O | Presence of strong ester bonds, proving that chemical modification has occurred. Indicator of new properties in ramie fiber after acetylation. |
1540.96 | Lignin Aromatic Bands | Tendency of intensity reduction due to lignin reduction. Effectiveness of delignification with NaOH in reducing lignin content. |
1636.69 | Bound Water | Presence of bound water in the fiber structure, influencing hydrophilic properties. Potentially affects fiber interaction with polymer matrix in future applications. |
1026.68 | C-O-C Stretch Cellulose | Representation of C-O-C stretching in cellulose structure. Confirms that the basic cellulose structure is retained even after modification. |
Pos. [°2Th.] | Height [cts] | FWHM Left [°2Th.] | d-Spacing [Å] | Rel. Int. [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
15.4971 | 720.79 | 0.0900 | 5.71330 | 41.23 |
22.9492 | 1748.08 | 0.8976 | 3.87214 | 100.00 |
Types of Fiber | Point | CA Left | Right | Teta E | Contact Angle | Average Contact Angle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fiber Treatment Delignification + Acetylation | 1 | 56.393 | 66.665 | 61.529 | 118.471 | 112.8488 |
2 | 65.194 | 71.857 | 68.5255 | 111.4745 | ||
3 | 74.537 | 72.224 | 73.3805 | 106.6195 | ||
4 | 65.924 | 56.5 | 61.212 | 118.788 | ||
5 | 70.891 | 66.082 | 68.4865 | 111.5135 | ||
6 | 75.2 | 64.348 | 69.774 | 110.226 | ||
Fiber Delignification Treatment | 1 | 88.124 | 86.261 | 87.1925 | 92.8075 | 87.17583 |
2 | 81.47 | 92.338 | 86.904 | 93.096 | ||
3 | 91.231 | 97.903 | 94.567 | 85.433 | ||
4 | 101.901 | 88.638 | 95.2695 | 84.7305 | ||
5 | 98.46 | 95.721 | 97.0905 | 82.9095 | ||
6 | 97.29 | 94.553 | 95.9215 | 84.0785 |
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Rozikin, M.N.; Suwarta, P.; Sutikno, S. Chemical Modification with Alkalinization and Acetylation of Ramie Fibers for Eco-Friendly 3D Printing Filaments: Effects on Crystallinity, Structure, and Hydrophobicity. Eng. Proc. 2025, 84, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084076
Rozikin MN, Suwarta P, Sutikno S. Chemical Modification with Alkalinization and Acetylation of Ramie Fibers for Eco-Friendly 3D Printing Filaments: Effects on Crystallinity, Structure, and Hydrophobicity. Engineering Proceedings. 2025; 84(1):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084076
Chicago/Turabian StyleRozikin, Muhammad Nurhidayatur, Putu Suwarta, and Sutikno Sutikno. 2025. "Chemical Modification with Alkalinization and Acetylation of Ramie Fibers for Eco-Friendly 3D Printing Filaments: Effects on Crystallinity, Structure, and Hydrophobicity" Engineering Proceedings 84, no. 1: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084076
APA StyleRozikin, M. N., Suwarta, P., & Sutikno, S. (2025). Chemical Modification with Alkalinization and Acetylation of Ramie Fibers for Eco-Friendly 3D Printing Filaments: Effects on Crystallinity, Structure, and Hydrophobicity. Engineering Proceedings, 84(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084076