Metals, Volume 9, Issue 8

This study proposes a cleaner lead-acid battery (LAB) paste and pyrite cinder (PyC) recycling method without excessive generation of SO₂. PyCs were employed as sulfur-fixing reagents to conserve sulfur as condensed sulfides, which prevented SO₂ emiss...

The surface of bainitic steel was remelted by fiber laser, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the melted layer were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a nanoindentation instrument,...

Fracture, fatigue, and other subcritical processes, such as creep crack growth or stress corrosion cracking, present numerous open issues from both scientific and industrial points of view [...]

Frequency is an important factor influencing the fatigue behavior. Regarding to the dwell fatigue, it corresponds to the effect of rise and fall time, which is also an important issue especially for the safety evaluation of structure parts under dwel...

The increasing demand for advanced materials in construction, transportation, communications, medicine, energy production, as well as in several other fields, is the driving force for investigating the processing–structure–property relati...

The 450 °C isothermal sections of the Fe-Si-Sn-Zn quaternary system with Zn composition fixed at 70 and 93 at.% were determined experimentally using optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrosc...

Alloy carbide M₂₃C₆ plays a significant role in the creep strength of reduced activation steels. Experiments have proven that a magnetic field accelerates the precipitation of M₂₃C₆ at intermediate temperature. A scheme that combines first-principle...

Vibropeening is a surface treatment process, which combines the peening effect of introducing residual stress with the polishing effect of reducing surface roughness in one single process step. Vibropeening equipment induces vibrations into the media...

In this study, the effect of heat treatment on the fracture behavior of alloy B steel with boron (B) contents as high as 130 ppm was investigated. The Alloy B are derived from Gr.92 steel with outstanding creep characteristics. The amounts of minor a...

A new plasticity and failure model is developed herein for metallic materials subjected to dynamic loadings on the basis of the analysis of some available material test data and previous work. The new model consists of two parts: a strength model and...

Due to the gradual shift to less rich iron ores, the alumina content in the raw materials used for iron-making is progressively increasing, affecting the mineralogy and the properties of iron ore sinters. In this context, the effect of Al content on...

Multivariable analytical models provide a descriptive (albeit approximate) mathematical relationship between a set of independent variables and one or more dependent variables. The current work develops an analytical model that extends a design of ex...

Tensile behavior and plastic deformation mechanisms of Fe-22.8Mn-8.48Al-0.86C low-density steel were studied in this thesis. After solution treatment 1100 °C for 1 h; the steels obtained an excellent combination in mechanical properties; with ten...

Selective/preferential milling of printed circuit board (PCB) particles followed by non-destructive characterization of the mill products was performed in order to understand the effects of different feed masses into a hammer mill and different milli...

Multi-pass welding is used in high-pressure and thick-walled pipes in natural gas and oil pipelines. When a welding layer of a welded joint is subjected to different welding thermal cycles, its microstructure and properties change, thereby affecting...

There are many types of non-metallic MgAl₂O₄ inclusions observed in Al-deoxidized steel coupling with Mg treatment, including single-particle MgAl₂O₄, agglomerated MgAl₂O₄, and MgAl₂O₄-MnS. Thermodynamic calculation shows that MgAl₂O₄ precipitates in...

The fabrication process of cellular materials, such as foaming, usually leads to cells elongated in one direction, but equiaxed in a plane normal to that direction. This study is aimed at understanding the elasto-plastic behaviour of transversely iso...

Series of super-hard ceramic layers have been successfully developed on high carbon steels, with a significant improvement of corrosion resistance and hardness, without changing the original properties, which were derived from mixtures of slag (elect...

The influence of the size and structure of nickel powder grains on the corrosion resistance of nickel coatings on an Al7075 substrate in an acidic chloride solution was investigated. The Ni coating was produced by the cold spraying (CS) method. The s...

The high-temperature flow behavior of TB8 titanium alloys with two different grain sizes was investigated in this present work. Results show that a significant characteristic of stress drop is visible at the start stage of the hot deformation process...

With the increasing demand for micro parts using metal laminates in modern production, the manufacturing processes of thin sheet parts have been elevated. However, it is difficult to predict the deformation behavior with miniaturization because of si...

In the present work, an evaluation of the volume fraction of austenite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) is presented by means of three different methods. Experimental tests were conducted on ADI samples after different austempering conditions and co...

Samples of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy were welded by bobbin tool friction stir welding at different rotational speeds. The thermal cycles, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile properties of the specimens were investigated. The results show that the...

The influence of preaging (PA) treatments on the bake hardening (BH) response of a AlZnMgCuZr aluminum alloy which served as automotive body structures were studied in this paper. A novel two-step PA treatment was particularly designed and further em...

Flexibly-reconfigurable roll forming (FRRF) is a novel sheet metal forming technology by which sheet metal is shaped into a desired curvature using reconfigurable rollers and gaps. FRRF is conducive to producing multi-curvature surfaces by controllin...

The polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) milling tool can be used in the mold industry to replace cemented carbide tools to improve machining efficiency and quality. It is necessary to study the tool wear and failure mechanism to increase machi...

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was adopted to investigate the relationship between the mixing phenomenon and the flow field of a 210 t RH degasser by a 1:4 scale water model. The results of mixing simulation experiments indicated that the mi...

The intercritical annealing and isothermal bainitic processing response was studied for three Nb and V microalloyed Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP)-assisted 980 MPa grade steels. Their mechanical and microstructural properties were compared...

Current additive manufacturing (AM) processes are mainly focused on powder bed technologies, such as electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM). However, the main disadvantages of such techniques are related to the high cost of met...

In this paper, a novel analytical modeling of the growth and dissolution of precipitates in substitutional alloys is presented. This model uses an existing solution for the shape-preserved growth of ellipsoidal precipitates in the mixed-mode regime,...

The preparation of refractory tungsten and tungsten alloys has always been challenging due to their inherent properties. Selective laser melting (SLM) offers a choice for preparing tungsten and tungsten alloys. In this work, 90W-7Ni-3Fe samples were...

The effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar S700MC/S960QC high-strength steels (HSS) using undermatched filler material was evaluated. Experiments were performed using the gas metal arc welding process to we...

Tungsten-based materials are the prime candidate plasma-facing materials for future fusion reactors, such as DEMO. Spark plasma sintering is a prospective fabrication technology with several advantageous features. The concurrent application of electr...

In this work, hot compression experiments of 300M steel were performed at 900–1150 °C and 0.01–10 s⁻¹. The relation of flow stress and microstructure evolution was analyzed. The intriguing finding was that at a lower strain rate...

The weldability of additive manufactured Alloy 718 was investigated in various heat-treated conditions. The microstructure of the base metal was examined in detail in order to understand the effect of different pre-weld heat treatments; i.e., solutio...

Mathematical models of particle size distribution (PSD) are necessary in the modelling and simulation of comminution circuits. In order to evaluate the application of the Swebrec PSD model (SWEF) in the grinding circuit at the Punta Gorda Ni-Co plant...

The effect of ultra-fast heating on the microstructures of steel has been thoroughly studied over the last year as it imposes a suitable alternative for the production of ultra high strength steel grades. Rapid reheating followed by quenching leads t...

The corrosion behaviour of new generation titanium alloys (β-type with low modulus) for medical implant applications is of paramount importance due to their possible detrimental effects in the human body such as release of toxic metal ions and c...

Laser-welded forged steel pistons can meet the needs of the new era of heavy truck engines. 42CrMo4 and 38MnVS6 are widely used as piston materials due to the good mechanical properties. This study investigates the influence of preheating on microstr...

In this study, a CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃-based continuous casting mold flux was designed using the FactSage thermodynamics software to determine the composition range of CaF₂. The viscosity characteristics of the mold flux were determined using a rotating vis...

The corrosion resistance of a SA106B carbon steel with a gradient nanostructure fabricated by rotationally accelerated shot peening (RASP) for 5, 10, 15 and 20 min was investigated. Electrochemical tests were carried out in the 0.05 M H₂SO₄ + 0.05 M...

The present study was focused on establishing guidelines for successful friction stir welding of Al alloys and Cu lap joints. Detailed investigations in respect to tool geometry, tool material, work-piece material, welding parameters, stacking sequen...

The melt-pool behaviors during selective laser melting (SLM) of Al₂O₃-reinforced and a eutectic mixture of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-reinforced AISI 304 stainless-steel composites were numerically analyzed and experimentally validated. The thermal analysis results...

In present work, the combination of spark plasma sintering (SPS) and selective laser melting (SLM) techniques was introduced to produce composite materials where silver-doped titania (TiO₂) ceramics were reinforced with ordered lattice structures of...

The Cu/Al dissimilar joint, welded by high-power ultrasonic welding technology, is still facing challenges despite the significant research attention it has attracted. In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance heat-assi...

The influence of isothermal aging at 620 °C in combination with subsequent electrochemical hydrogen charging at room-temperature was studied on quenched-and-tempered T92/TP316H martensitic/austenitic weldments in terms of their room-temperature t...

The paper characterizes a composite with dispersion phases cast via the use of stir casting method on an aluminum matrix. A mixture of aluminum with Fe_xAl_y and SiC powders was achieved in the process of mechanical alloying and self-propagating high t...

This research provides fundamental insight into the roles of MgO and Al₂O₃ on the viscous and structural behaviors of CaO−SiO₂−MgO−Al₂O₃−10 mass% TiO₂−5 mass% FeO (CaO/SiO₂ = 1.3) system primary blast furnace slag. The s...

High-entropy alloys are a new type of material developed in recent years. It breaks the traditional alloy-design conventions and has many excellent properties. High-pressure treatment is an effective means to change the structures and properties of m...

In this paper, phase coherence imaging is proposed to improve spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of near-surface defects in rails using cross-correlation of ultrasonic diffuse fields. The direct signals acquired by the phased array ar...