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Sustainable Rural Development Projects: Diversity and Opportunities from Principles of Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Urban and Rural Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 17283

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Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Agroforest Engineering, Planning and Sustainable Management of Rural-Local Development (GESPLAN), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: planning; sustainable rural development; working with people; responsible investment in agriculture and food systems

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Guest Editor
GESPLAN, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB),Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: sustainable rural development; sustainable project management; working with people; project–based learning; human development
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CSA IRA) were approved by the Food Security Council in October 2014. In October 2016, FAO (https://www.fao.org) selected the GESPLAN Research Group (https://ruraldevelopment.es) of the Polytechnic University of Madrid to promote teaching, research, and links with society in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Spain, based on these principles, knowing the PhD who graduated from this University specialized in the area of projects and planning in sustainable rural development (https://www.desarrollorural.us). After 8 years of work, a network of 45 universities and 50 agrofood-businesses (organizations, associations and cooperatives) from 12 countries belonging to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC countries) and Spain has been developed (https://www.principiosiaruniversidad.com). In this Special Issue, new paradigms and approaches are proposed to contribute to sustainability from the perspective of responsible investment in agriculture and food systems through sustainable development projects in teaching, research, and connection in civil society.

The Special Issue contributes to advancing sustainability, addressing challenges related to sustainability, and socio-economic, scientific, and integrated approaches to sustainable development and the principles for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems, known as RAI. Multi-stakeholders have collaborated and identified joint projects to promote sustainable rural development through this RAI principles at local, national, and regional levels. As the RAI principles were developed through a multi-stakeholder process, they already have a wide buy-in. We acknowledge that the starting point for defining how responsible investment in agriculture and food systems can contribute to food security and nutrition is to have recognition and respect for human rights. As an instrument of soft law and project management, these are globally applicable and include actions to address sustainable rural development from a variety of environmental, social, and economic issues.

Our objective is to analyze, quantify, and monitor sustainable rural development, learning from different multi-stakeholder experiences that include RAI principles as a tool for sustainability.

Scope of the Special Issue and Suggested Themes

This Special Issue seeks to explore the multifaceted dimensions of the transition towards sustainable rural development, focusing on the integration of CSA IRA principles in planning, project design, etc.

We invite submissions that address the following key questions:

  • How can the integration of academia, business, industry, government, and civil society contribute to more effective and holistic project management, planning, and design processes for sustainable development?
  • What new paradigms and approaches contribute to sustainability from projects that integrate the principles of responsible investment in agriculture and food systems?
  • How can the integration of teaching, research, and connection with civil society contribute to sustainable development through CSA-IRA projects?
  • What findings are generated from the WWP model (“Working with People”), in joint action “Living Labs” in the planning and management of CSA-IRA projects for sustainable development?

Research areas of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Food security and nutrition (Principle 1);
  • Sustainable and inclusive economic development and the eradication of poverty (Principle 2);
  • Fostering gender equality and women’s empowerment (Principle 3);
  • Engaging and empowering youth (Principle 4);
  • Respecting the tenure of land, fisheries, and forests, and access to water (Principle 5);
  • Conserving and sustainably managing natural resources, increasing resilience, and reducing disaster risks (Principle 6);
  • Respecting cultural heritage and traditional knowledge, and supporting diversity and innovation (Principle 7);
  • Promoting safe and healthy agriculture and food systems (Principle 8);
  • Incorporating inclusive and transparent governance structures, processes, and grievance mechanisms (Principle 9);
  • Assessing and addressing the impacts and promoting accountability (Principle 10).

Prof. Dr. Adolfo Cazorla Montero
Prof. Dr. Ignacio De los Ríos Carmenado
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • planning
  • sustainable rural development
  • working with people
  • sustainable project management
  • project-based learning
  • responsible investment in agriculture and food systems

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 632 KB  
Article
Strengthening Production Systems in Social Organizations: Application of IRA Principles and the WWP Model in the Tejemujeres Cooperative
by Mauricio Ortuño, Ricardo Grunauer, Milagros Panta and Xavier Negrillo
Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2661; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052661 - 9 Mar 2026
Viewed by 344
Abstract
The overall objective of the study was to propose the application of the IRA principles and the WWP model in the Tejemujeres Cooperative, with the aim of strengthening its production and management system without compromising its social identity. To this end, a mixed [...] Read more.
The overall objective of the study was to propose the application of the IRA principles and the WWP model in the Tejemujeres Cooperative, with the aim of strengthening its production and management system without compromising its social identity. To this end, a mixed descriptive and explanatory methodology was used. Surveys were conducted among the organization’s 110 members, and focus groups were conducted with internal and external stakeholders, in addition to a review of documents and bibliographic sources. This revealed structural limitations in the production system, such as a shortage of raw materials, low innovation, marketing difficulties, and limited technical training. However, the perception of economic sustainability remained positive, thanks to the social and cultural cohesion of the cooperative. Likewise, most of the members expressed openness to incorporating IRA principles and the WWP model, highlighting training, active participation in decision-making, strengthening internal governance, and creating commercial networks as priorities. In conclusion, it was determined that Tejemujeres’ main strength lies in its community identity and human capital, rather than in traditional economic indicators. The proposed theoretical frameworks were found to be relevant and adaptable to the context of the organization. Finally, a hybrid strategy is proposed that combines the participatory flexibility of the WWP model with the methodological rigor of the IRA principles, which will enable the cooperative to consolidate an innovative, sustainable, and culturally legitimate production system. Full article
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29 pages, 1549 KB  
Article
Connecting Sustainable Rural Development Projects and the Principles of Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems from the WWP Model: Lessons from Case Studies Across Seven Countries
by Ignacio de los Ríos-Carmenado, María Leticia Acosta Mereles and Xavier Negrillo Deza
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031402 - 30 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 663
Abstract
The international literature shows significant growth in relation to sustainable rural development in response to ongoing problems. The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI) enable projects to be aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this article, we [...] Read more.
The international literature shows significant growth in relation to sustainable rural development in response to ongoing problems. The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI) enable projects to be aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this article, we present an empirically grounded analysis of these RAI principles based on in-depth case studies in seven countries (Spain, Ecuador, Peru, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Colombia, and Mexico). This experience comes from an international project coordinated by the GESPLAN Research Group at the Polytechnic University of Madrid. The Working with People model is incorporated into the methodological process to analyze rural actors’ understanding of the CFS-RAI principles in different countries and in university–business relation contexts. The results show the effectiveness of the WWP model based on the integration of three dimensions—ethical–social, technical–business, and political–contextual—as an effective method for planning sustainable rural development projects in various contexts. The empirical evidence presented indicates that combining the WWP model with the principles of CFS-RAI in rural contexts allows progress toward sustainable development, balancing economic aspects with human, social, and environmental well-being. Full article
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23 pages, 2787 KB  
Article
Participatory Geographic Information Systems and the CFS-RAI: Experience from the FBC-UPM-FESBAL
by Mayerly Roncancio-Burgos, Irely Joelia Farías Estrada, Cristina Velilla-Lucini and Carmen Marín-Ferrer
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031232 - 26 Jan 2026
Viewed by 359
Abstract
This paper analyzes the implementation of the Geoportal SIG FESBAL–UPM, a Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) developed within the Master’s and Doctorate programs in Rural Development Project Planning and Sustainable Management at UPM. The study introduces a model integrated with Project-Based Learning (PBL), [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes the implementation of the Geoportal SIG FESBAL–UPM, a Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) developed within the Master’s and Doctorate programs in Rural Development Project Planning and Sustainable Management at UPM. The study introduces a model integrated with Project-Based Learning (PBL), the Working With People (WWP) framework, and the CFS-RAI principles to address challenges in responsible food systems. The geoportal designed to be applied at the Food Bank–UPM Chair–FESBAL, acts as an innovative instrument for participation among the different stakeholders enabling the spatialization and analysis of data across social, environmental, and governance dimensions. Functionally, it offers a robust foundation for evidence-based decision-making, systematizes geographic information, and visualizes data via the web, supporting research, training, and community engagement actions. Furthermore, this study details the specific projects and activities developed under the three involved action lines: research, training, and community engagement, identifying strengths and weaknesses in each. The findings affirm that this participatory approach ensures that the proposed solutions are aligned with local needs and priorities, increasing the sustainability and long-term success of the projects implemented through the geoportal. Full article
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29 pages, 952 KB  
Article
University–Business Link for Sustainable Territorial Development Through the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CSA-IRA): Working with People in the Dominican Republic
by Milagros del Pilar Panta Monteza, Ubaldo Eberth Dedios Espinoza, Gustavo Armando Gandini and Jorge Luis Carbajal Arroyo
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1179; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031179 - 23 Jan 2026
Viewed by 586
Abstract
There is little evidence of the implementation of the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems between universities and businesses, and there is even less research that prioritizes people and implements sustainable development with a territorial focus. In this article, we [...] Read more.
There is little evidence of the implementation of the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems between universities and businesses, and there is even less research that prioritizes people and implements sustainable development with a territorial focus. In this article, we address a form of collaborative work that integrates academia with business, where the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RIA) are seen as an opportunity to promote and strengthen the management of a business in the communities where it operates, and determine a new way of working from its links with the university. The experience is developed in the provinces of Santiago Rodríguez, Valverde (Mao), and Dajabón in the Dominican Republic, with the aim of contributing, using this new approach, to economic, social, environmental, and governance development in the territory. The conceptual and methodological basis for the university–business link is Working With People, a model that integrates key elements of planning such as social learning, collaborative participation, and project management models. The main catalysts of the experience are the business values and the stakeholders who insert the principles into their programs and projects. Among these is an innovative Family Social Responsibility Program with female entrepreneurs and organic banana production. It is concluded that the implementation of the CFS-RIA Principles has a significant impact on the sustainable development of the region and that the university–business link reinforces the social responsibility of companies, providing an opportunity for the entry of new actors. Full article
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26 pages, 1233 KB  
Article
Service Learning Projects and CFS-IRA Principles: Application to the Food Bank Chair from the Working with People Model
by Priscila Nole Correa, Irely Joelia Farías Estrada, Guillermo Aliaga and Claudia Zuluaga
Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10212; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210212 - 14 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 876
Abstract
This research study addresses the critical contradiction within global food systems: unsustainable consumption patterns and persistent food insecurity coexist and are exacerbated by food waste, which deepens socioeconomic inequalities and generates negative environmental externalities. In this scenario, higher education plays a central role [...] Read more.
This research study addresses the critical contradiction within global food systems: unsustainable consumption patterns and persistent food insecurity coexist and are exacerbated by food waste, which deepens socioeconomic inequalities and generates negative environmental externalities. In this scenario, higher education plays a central role in adopting comprehensive strategic frameworks to develop specialized human capital and influence society. This study analyzes a Service Learning model that integrates the CFS-IRA Principles to promote the SDGs and ensure responsible consumption. Based on a case study of the Food Bank Chair spanning 10 years and 212 projects, the implementation of this model was evaluated using the Working with People (WWP) method, which combines the development of postgraduate students’ skills with community service to address social problems. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the SL-WWP model in strengthening students’ technical, social, and ethical competencies while reducing food waste. The evaluation showed strong alignment with key SDGs, with outstanding performance in governance, although the need to strengthen environmental and social criteria was identified. The originality lies in integrating the CFS-IRA Principles into an SL model that encourages innovative cooperation among universities, civil society, and public–private sectors, offering a replicable proposal for higher education institutions to establish themselves as agents of change towards sustainability. Full article
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26 pages, 877 KB  
Article
Toward a Metauniversity for Sustainable Development: Responsible Agriculture Investment and Food Systems
by Adolfo Cazorla, Adhemir Cáceres and Carlos Lavalle
Sustainability 2025, 17(21), 9698; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219698 - 31 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 881
Abstract
The sustainable development of agrifood systems is a pressing global challenge, highlighting the need for frameworks that guide responsible investment and community engagement. The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CSA-IRA), approved by the Food Security Council in 2014, provide [...] Read more.
The sustainable development of agrifood systems is a pressing global challenge, highlighting the need for frameworks that guide responsible investment and community engagement. The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CSA-IRA), approved by the Food Security Council in 2014, provide such a framework. Recognizing this opportunity, the FAO selected the Gesplan Research Group of the Polytechnic University of Madrid in 2016 to promote these principles in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Spain, leveraging the expertise of PhD graduates in Projects and Planning for Sustainable Rural Development. The main objective of this research was to explore how teaching, research, and civil society engagement can be integrated to operationalize CSA-IRA principles and foster sustainable development. To achieve this, the study applied the “Working with People” model across multiple countries and contexts, using university–business collaborations to implement practical, socially responsible initiatives. Over nine years, the approach generated a network of 46 universities and 52 agrifood companies across 12 countries, demonstrating effective multi-stakeholder collaboration. The accumulated experience led to the proposal of the Metauniversity—a “university of universities”—as an innovative instrument to scale knowledge transfer, research, and community engagement. These findings highlight that structured, collaborative networks can translate CSA-IRA principles into tangible actions, offering a replicable model for sustainable agrifood development globally Full article
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24 pages, 8251 KB  
Article
Strengthening of the Rural Community and Corn Food Chain Through the Application of the WWP Model and the Integration of CFS-RAI Principles in Puebla, México
by José Regalado-López, José Antonio Maimone-Celorio and Nicolás Pérez-Ramírez
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5442; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125442 - 13 Jun 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2677
Abstract
Strengthening producer groups, the rural community, and agri-food chains are important actions to help solve the problem of food poverty, improve the living conditions of producers and promote sustainable development in rural México. It is necessary to seek new ways to improve decision-making [...] Read more.
Strengthening producer groups, the rural community, and agri-food chains are important actions to help solve the problem of food poverty, improve the living conditions of producers and promote sustainable development in rural México. It is necessary to seek new ways to improve decision-making by producer groups and establish some principles to strengthen the different links in agri-food chains. The objective of this study was to analyze the integration of the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture (PRIA) in the corn agri-food chain in order to assess its strengthening. A study was carried out in three cases based on the application of the “Working With People” (WWP) model as well as interviews with key actors. It was found that cooperating groups with a higher degree of application of the WWP model and PRIAs have a higher degree of stability and sustainable development and strengthen the integration and cooperation of local action groups. These groups have the technical component better organize the agri-food processes and better incorporate the PRIAs and improve their economic, social, and environmental development compared to other groups that do it in a traditional way. Full article
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21 pages, 2416 KB  
Article
Sustainable Rural Development Based on CFS-RAI Principles in the Production of Healthy Food: The Case of the Kayambi People (Ecuador)
by Charles Cachipuendo, Narcisa Requelme, Catalina Sandoval and Ana Afonso
Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 2958; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072958 - 27 Mar 2025
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2655
Abstract
Food production faces significant economic, social, and environmental challenges. The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture (CFS-RAI), aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), provide a framework for implementing actions and investments in sustainable food production. Farmers are the primary investors in their [...] Read more.
Food production faces significant economic, social, and environmental challenges. The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture (CFS-RAI), aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), provide a framework for implementing actions and investments in sustainable food production. Farmers are the primary investors in their agricultural activities, playing a fundamental role in the sustainability of rural territories. This study aims to analyze the rural development innovation system implemented by the Fundación Casa Campesina Cayambe and its alignment with the CFS-RAI principles and SDG. Focusing on 129 women producing healthy food within the Kayambi people and adopting a mixed-methods approach, including participant observation, interviews, and focus groups, the research examines the integration of public institutions, academia, and civil society in promoting sustainable rural development. The findings indicate that key innovation processes include a participatory, community-based, and gender-sensitive microcredit system implemented by the Foundation. Additionally, the technical and scientific support provided by the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana enhances investment capacity and knowledge acquisition, strengthening both individual and collective capacities for food production and commercialization. The study concludes that a decentralized and coordinated cooperation system, involving multiple territorial stakeholders, fosters the economic autonomy of female producers while adhering to the principles of CFS-RAI and the SDG. Full article
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23 pages, 9518 KB  
Article
Territorial Analysis Through the Integration of CFS-RAI Principles and the Working with People Model: An Application in the Andean Highlands of Peru
by Alejandro Fontana, Antonio Velasquez-Fernandez, Maria Isabel Rodriguez-Vasquez and Grecia Cuervo-Guerrero
Sustainability 2025, 17(4), 1380; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041380 - 8 Feb 2025
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2813
Abstract
The characterization of territory in Peru’s Andean regions faces significant challenges due to a lack of comprehensive methodologies capable of addressing the complexity of these contexts. This research aims to bridge that gap by developing a methodology that integrates the CFS-RAI Principles with [...] Read more.
The characterization of territory in Peru’s Andean regions faces significant challenges due to a lack of comprehensive methodologies capable of addressing the complexity of these contexts. This research aims to bridge that gap by developing a methodology that integrates the CFS-RAI Principles with the Working with People (WWP) model to provide a detailed, contextualized framework for territorial analysis. The framework leverages the CFS-RAI Principles’ focus on sustainable agriculture and the WWP model’s proven effectiveness in fostering social transformation in Aymara communities in southern Peru. The research centers on Paucar del Sara Sara, a province in Ayacucho, Peru, characterized by a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.42 and significant development potential rooted in opportunities for organic agriculture and collaboration with the mining sector. Employing geographic analysis and qualitative methods, this study draws comparisons with existing literature and presents insights from the case study to develop a matrix of key variables for territorial analysis in Andean regions. Additionally, the research introduces a methodology for defining mining companies’ areas of influence while addressing prevalent socioeconomic challenges in these territories. Full article
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25 pages, 665 KB  
Article
Good Practices of Food Banks in Spain: Contribution to Sustainable Development from the CFS-RAI Principles
by María Leticia Acosta Mereles, Carlos Mur Nuño, Ricardo Rubén Stratta Fernández and Manuel Enrique Chenet
Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17030912 - 23 Jan 2025
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3573
Abstract
The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI) are suitable standards for contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the area of sound consumption and sustainable food. In this context, food banks have demonstrated their significant role in supporting [...] Read more.
The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI) are suitable standards for contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the area of sound consumption and sustainable food. In this context, food banks have demonstrated their significant role in supporting vulnerable groups and reducing food waste through the implementation of various projects and activities. This study identifies and classifies the good practices of 54 food banks that comprise the Spanish Federation of Food Banks (FESBAL). The methodology applied was based on the Working with People model, integrating a social and collaborative learning process based on the accumulated experience of food banks over 35 years. The analysis was carried out based on four dimensions of sustainability, namely social, economic, environmental, and governance, in alignment with the CFS-RAI Principles. The results obtained show the good practices of food banks, highlighting their positive effects on the dimensions of sustainability, consistent with the CFS-RAI Principles, and the SDGs, evidencing improved food security and a holistic contribution to sustainable development. Full article
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