Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) reduces the quality and quantity of crop seeds. PHS can be imposed through the embryo or husk pathway of cereal crops. Most reported PHS seeds are imposed via the embryo pathway. Here, we generated transgenic rice plants o...
Melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) catalyzes the conversion of melatonin into 2hydroxymelatonin (2OHM), which is present in plants at a higher concentration than melatonin. Although M2H has been cloned, the in vivo function of its product is unknown. Here...
A solid tumor is often exposed to hypoxic or anoxic conditions; thus, tumor cell responses to hypoxia are important for tumor progression as well as tumor therapy. Our previous studies indicated that tumor cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor...
Melatonin is synthesized from the amino acid L-tryptophan via the shikimic acid pathway and ubiquitously distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although most of melatonin biosynthesis genes were characterized in several plants and animal spe...
It was recently reported that 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) is responsible for inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. ROS are crucial molecules that promote germination through interaction with hormones such as gibberellic acid (GA). In this...
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Serotonin is also a precursor for melatonin biosynthesis, which mainly occurs in the pineal gland of vertebrates. Tryptophan hy...
Unlike animals, plants amply convert melatonin into 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) and cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) through the action of melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) and melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), respectively. Thus, the effects of exogenous m...
Bio-stimulants, such as selenium nanoparticles and melatonin, regulate melon growth. However, the effects of individual and combined applications of selenium nanoparticles and melatonin on the growth of melon seedlings have not been reported. Here, t...
Intestinal melatonin exerts diverse biological effects on the body. Our previous research showed that the abundance of the butyrate-producing bacteria, Roseburia, is positively related to the expression of colonic mucosal melatonin. However, the deta...
Melatonin is catabolized both enzymatically and nonenzymatically. Nonenzymatic processes mediated by free radicals, singlet oxygen, other reactive intermediates such as HOCl and peroxynitrite, or pseudoenzymatic mechanisms are not species- or tissue-...
The flavonoids in citrus fruits are crucial physiological regulators and natural bioactive products of high pharmaceutical value. Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone that can regulate plant morphogenesis and stress resistance and alter the accumulatio...
Melatonin treatment has been reported to effectively preserve and improve the postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables during storage. This research focused on examining the significance of melatonin on maintaining the quality of fresh Gastrodia ...
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a well-known animal hormone, is involved in several biological processes including circadian rhythm and the regulation of abiotic stress. A systematic understanding of the circadian regulation of melatonin bi...
Melatonin improves the tolerance of plants to various environmental stresses by protecting plant cells against oxidative stress damage. The objective of the current study was to determine whether exogenous melatonin (MT) treatments could help protect...
The metabolism of pineal indoles is closely related to alterations in the light and dark phases of a daily cycle. Recent research showed important interspecies differences in the pineal biochemistry, and a strong impact of monochromatic light on many...
Nickel is toxic to humans. Its compounds are carcinogenic. Furthermore, nickel allergy is a severe health problem that affects approximately 10–20% of humans. The mechanism by which these conditions develop remains unclear, but it may involve t...
The reproductive rhythm undergoes several changes during the evolution of mammals to adapt to local environmental changes. Although the critical roles of melatonin (MLT) in the formation of reproductive rhythm have been well established, the genetic...
In plants, melatonin is metabolized into several compounds, including the potent antioxidant cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM). Melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), a member of the 2-oxo-glutarate-dependent enzyme family, is responsible for 3-OHM biosynthe...
L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is both a drug and a natural component of some dietary supplements. 5-HTP is produced from tryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), which is present in two isoforms (TPH1 and TPH2). Decarboxylation of 5-HTP yields ser...
Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse health effects of the ubiquitous herbicide glyphosate. Here, we investigated long-term effects of developmental exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) by analyzing serum melatonin leve...
Plant melatonin is widely recognized as a pleiotropic regulator. As a growth-regulating hormone, it extensively participates in various growth and developmental processes and has significant functions in stress responses and disease resistance. Plant...
Inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), affect many people. The role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of UC is precisely determined, whereas in LC it remains unknown. The aim of this study was t...
The plant St. John’s wort contains high levels of melatonin, an important biochemical that has both beneficial and adverse effects on stress. Therefore, a method for increasing melatonin levels in plants without adversely affecting their growth...
Background/Objectives: Blast-induced traumatic ocular injuries (bTOI) pose a significant risk to military and civilian populations, often leading to visual impairment or blindness. Retina, the innermost layer of ocular tissue consisting of photorecep...
Tryptophan is metabolized along three main metabolic pathways, namely the kynurenine, serotonin and indole pathways. The majority of tryptophan is transformed via the kynurenine pathway, catalyzed by tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase or indoleamine-2,3-diox...
Grape polyphenols contributing to more than half of the global polyphenol market were well studied; however, how melatonin (MLT), a potential plant hormone, and abscisic acid (ABA) affects polyphenols profile is still poorly understood. To explore wh...
The application of melatonin (MT) has been shown to improve the quality during the storage of fruits and vegetables. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of MT on the quality of fresh-cut Gastrodia elata during low-temper...
Serotonin (Ser) and melatonin (Mel) serve as master regulators of plant growth and development by influencing diverse cellular processes. The enzymes namely, tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) catalyse the formation of...
Postharvest decay of goji berries, mainly caused by Alternaria alternata, results in significant economic losses. To investigate the effects of melatonin (MLT) on resistance to Alternaria rot in goji berries, the fruits were immersed in the MLT solut...
The yellowing of leaves due to iron deficiency is a prevalent issue in peach production. Although the capacity of exogenous melatonin (MT) to promote iron uptake in peach plants has been demonstrated, its underlying mechanism remains ambiguous. This...
Melatonin (MT) is an elicitor that stimulates phenolic compounds biosynthesis and accumulation in fruits and vegetables. However, its role in regulating phenolic compounds and the phenylpropane metabolism during pepper ripening is unclear. To investi...
The color of grapevine berries is one of the most important quality parameters that define the appearance, attracts the consumer, and determines the price, especially in red grape cultivars. Some grape varieties show less color development due to man...
Several efforts to develop new protocols to differentiate in in vitro human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) into dopamine (DA) neurons have been reported. We have formulated NeuroForsk 2.0 medium containing fibroblast growth factor type beta (FGFb)...