In recent decades, the research community evidenced that plants affected by pathogens and pests may display delayed development [...]
One grand challenge for studying plant biotic and abiotic stress responses is to optimize plant growth and plasticity under variable environmental constraints, which in the long run benefits agricultural production. However, efforts in promoting plan...
Chloroplasts are important in plant growth, development, and defense mechanisms, making them central to addressing global agricultural challenges. This review explores the multi-faceted contributions of chloroplasts, including photosynthesis, hormone...
Organisms have evolved mechanisms to partition the available resources between fitness-relevant physiological functions. Organisms possess phenotypic plasticity to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. However, this comes at a cost that can...
Brassica species produce glucosinolates, a specific group of secondary metabolites present in the Brassicaceae family with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The employment of improved varieties for specific glucosinolates would reduce the prod...
Biostimulants are gaining more and more attention in modern agriculture. As follows from the definition, their role is aimed at influencing the plant’s metabolism, which results in increasing the quantitative and qualitative parameters describi...
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis and its complex roles in plant defense are still not fully und...
As sessile organisms, plants are frequently exposed to different stress conditions caused by either biotic or abiotic factors. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie plant interaction with the biotic and abiotic environments is fundamental to bot...
Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms that cannot migrate to more favorable conditions and must constantly adapt to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, plants exhibit developmental plasticity to cope, which is probably based o...
Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are promising agents for the promotion of plant growth, the activation of immunity, and protection against phytopathogens. However, physiological changes in plants after treatment with fungi are insufficiently studie...
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the ap...
Plant defense responses under unfavorable conditions are often associated with reduced growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth-defense tradeoff remain to be fully elucidated, especially at the transcriptional level. Here, we revealed a...
This review outlines the known cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in Drosophila age-dependent immunity to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. We discuss the implication of host signaling pathways such as the Toll, Immune Defi...
There is an increasing need to develop high-yielding, disease-resistant crops and reduce fertilizer usage. Combining disease resistance with efficient nutrient assimilation through improved associations with symbiotic microorganisms would help to add...
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) remain poorly studied in crop plants, most of which are polyploid. In allotetraploid Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), silencing GhCNGC13 and 32 impaired plant growth and shoot apical meristem (SAM) deve...
The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a critically endangered species with significant ecological and cultural value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth is crucial for improving breeding efficiency and enhancing conse...
Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors greatly affecting plant disease development. High temperature favors outbreaks of many plant diseases, which threaten food security and turn to be a big issue along with climate change an...
Massive mortalities in farmed larvae of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus have been associated with pathogenic Vibrio outbreaks. An energetic trade-off between development-associated demands and immune capacity has been observed. Given that highly un...
The pine wood nematode (PWN) uses several Monochamus species as vehicles, through a temporary hitchhiking process known as phoresy, enabling it to access new host plant resources. Monochamus saltuarius acts as a new and major vector of the PWN in Nor...
Plant growth-promoting endophytic microbes have drawn the attention of researchers owing to their ability to confer fitness benefits in many plant species. Here, we report agriculturally beneficial traits of rice-leaf-adapted endophytic Microbacteriu...
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a vital cereal and feed crop grown worldwide, but its production is increasingly threatened by barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and aphid infestations in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in northern China. This study...
Plant virus management is mostly achieved through control of insect vectors using insecticides. However, insecticides are only marginally effective for preventing virus transmission. Furthermore, it is well established that symptoms of virus infectio...
The trade-off between reducing pesticide use and ensuring effective crop protection is a key challenge for sustainable agriculture. Stimulating the plant’s natural defense mechanisms represents a promising alternative. In this study, we evaluat...
Coral communities of the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) have changed dramatically over the past 30 years. Coral cover throughout the FRT is disproportionately distributed; >70% of total coral cover is found within the inshore patch reef zone (<2 km f...
Evolutionary and functional studies suggested that the emergence of the Omicron variants can be determined by multiple fitness trade-offs including the immune escape, binding affinity for ACE2, conformational plasticity, protein stability and alloste...
Numerous Trichoderma strains have been reported to be optimal biofertilizers and biocontrol agents with low production costs and environmentally friendly properties. Trichoderma spp. promote the growth and immunity of plants by multiple means. Interf...
In the coming decades, and despite advances in the selection of resistant strains and the production of triploid organisms, the temperature could seriously affect salmonid aquaculture. Lower environmental tolerance has been hinted at for triploids, b...
Various insects engage in microbial mutualisms in which the reciprocal benefits exceed the costs. Ants of the genus Camponotus benefit from nutrient supplementation by their mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria, Blochmannia, but suffer a cost in tolera...
The latest vaccination campaign has actualized the potential impact of antigenic stimuli on reproductive functions. To address this, we mimicked vaccination’s effects by administering keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH ) to CD1 male mice and used their s...
Background: Pregnancy is a unique stage of the life course characterized by trade-offs between the nutritional, immune, and metabolic needs of the mother and fetus. The Camden Study was originally initiated to examine nutritional status, growth, and...
The ability of plant resistance inducers to provide protection against viral diseases is one of their main advantages over conventional pesticides. In the case of viral diseases that cannot be controlled directly with pesticides, insecticides are use...
Early childhood is characterised by high physiological iron demand to support processes including blood volume expansion, brain development and tissue growth. Iron is also required for other essential functions including the generation of effective i...
The environmental and biodiversity benefits of organic farming are widely recognized, but there is still controversy about the effects of organic production methods on the nutritional composition of food and human health. In the first part of this ar...